Pentapartito (original) (raw)
El Pentapartito (del Griego πέντε pénte, "cinco", y del Italiano partito, "partido"), comúnmente abreviado como CAF (de las iniciales de Craxi, Andreotti y Forlani), se refiere al gobierno de coalición de cinco partidos políticos italianos que se formó entre junio de 1981 y abril de 1991. La coalición estaba formada por el partido Democracia Cristiana (DC) y cuatro partidos laicos: el Partido Socialista Italiano (PSI), el Partido Socialista Democrático Italiano (PSDI), el Partido Liberal Italiano (PLI) y el Partido Republicano Italiano (PRI).
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| dbo:abstract | Die Bezeichnung Pentapartito (deutsch: Fünferpartei) steht für die Regierungskoalition in Italien zwischen 1980 und 1992. Sie bestand aus den fünf Parteien Democrazia Cristiana (DC), Partito Socialista Italiano (PSI), Partito Socialista Democratico Italiano (PSDI), Partito Repubblicano Italiano (PRI) und Partito Liberale Italiano (PLI). Die Koalition stellte die Regierung in der umstrittenen Zeit der Ersten Republik Italiens, in die der Korruptionsskandal fiel, welchen die juristische Untersuchung Mani pulite der Staatsanwaltschaft von Mailand nach sich zog. Darin waren praktisch alle Vorsitzenden der Pentapartito verwickelt: Giulio Andreotti, Arnaldo Forlani, Ciriaco De Mita und Paolo Cirino Pomicino aus der DC, Bettino Craxi aus der PSI, und aus der PLI, Giorgio La Malfa aus der PRI und viele weitere. Dieser Geschichtsabschnitt der italienischen Demokratie wird gemeinhin als Tangentopoli bezeichnet, welcher mit der Auflösung der ersten Regierung unter Giuliano Amato endete. Infolgedessen wurde der Vorsitzende der Banca d’Italia Carlo Azeglio Ciampi vom Präsidenten der Republik Oscar Luigi Scalfaro mit der Regierungsbildung beauftragt. Hauptanliegen der Regierung sollte der Kampf gegen die schwere wirtschaftliche Krise und die Reform des Wahlrechts sein. Nach der Einführung des Mehrheitswahlrechts für die Abgeordnetenkammer, wie auch für den Senat wurden 1994 neue Parlamentswahlen in Italien abgehalten. Bei dieser stürzte die inzwischen in Partito Popolare Italiano (PPI) umbenannte Democrazia Cristiana massiv ab. Die anderen vier Parteien verschwanden gänzlich in der politischen Bedeutungslosigkeit, die PLI hatte sich sogar schon vor der Wahl aufgelöst. Damit endete das System der sogenannten Ersten Republik. Stattdessen bildeten sich neue Parteien, wie Forza Italia, die viele Politiker der ehemaligen Pentapartito anzog. (de) El Pentapartito (del Griego πέντε pénte, "cinco", y del Italiano partito, "partido"), comúnmente abreviado como CAF (de las iniciales de Craxi, Andreotti y Forlani), se refiere al gobierno de coalición de cinco partidos políticos italianos que se formó entre junio de 1981 y abril de 1991. La coalición estaba formada por el partido Democracia Cristiana (DC) y cuatro partidos laicos: el Partido Socialista Italiano (PSI), el Partido Socialista Democrático Italiano (PSDI), el Partido Liberal Italiano (PLI) y el Partido Republicano Italiano (PRI). (es) The Pentapartito (from Greek πέντε, "five", and Italian partito, "party"), commonly shortened to CAF (from the initials of Craxi, Andreotti and Forlani), refers to the coalition government of five Italian political parties that formed between June 1981 and April 1991. The coalition comprised the Christian Democracy (DC), the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI), Italian Liberal Party (PLI) and Italian Republican Party (PRI). (en) Pentapartito è l'espressione usata per definire la coalizione di governo in Italia dal 1981 fino al 1991, formata dall'intesa tra i partiti del vecchio centro-sinistra organico (DC, PSI, PSDI, PRI) cui si aggiunse il PLI. Tale formula di governo fu in pratica la fusione delle due precedenti esperienze di potere della DC, ovvero il centrismo degli anni cinquanta (DC-PLI-PSDI-PRI) e il centro-sinistra "organico" degli anni sessanta e settanta (DC-PSI-PSDI-PRI), facendo convivere entro un'unica coalizione due partiti che si erano sempre considerati tra loro alternativi, come il PSI e il PLI. Con l'uscita del PRI, la coalizione si trasformò in Quadripartito (che governò dal 1991 al 1993). (it) Pentapartito ("de vijf partijen") is de naam die vaak wordt gegeven aan de regeringscoalitie die van 1980 tot 1992 over Italië regeerde. Deze coalitie bestond uit de volgende vijf politieke partijen: * DC (Christendemocratische Partij van Italië) * PSI (Socialistische Partij van Italië) * PRI (Republikeinse Partij van Italië) * PLI (Liberale Partij van Italië) * PSDI (Sociaaldemocratische Partij van Italië) De regeringen kwamen met grote regelmaat ten val, maar het was altijd weer dezelfde coalitie die terugkwam. Dit verschijnsel was te wijten aan de verstarde situatie waarin de Italiaanse politiek zich toen bevond, onder meer vanwege de algemeen gevoelde noodzaak om de PCI (Communistische Partij van Italië) buiten de regering te houden. In Italië staat deze periode bekend als de "anni di piombo", de "loden jaren". Deze periode werd gekenmerkt door een wijdverbreide corruptie, door terrorisme van linker- en rechterzijde en door de banden die een aantal politici onderhielden met de Maffia. Dit alles leidde tot een golf van schandalen en een massale protestbeweging, die resulteerde in een door de Procureur van de Republiek van Milaan Giovanni Falcone uitgevoerd gerechtelijk onderzoek, bekend onder de naam "" (schone handen), waarin zeer vele politici, behorende tot deze vijf partijen, in opspraak kwamen, zoals: Giulio Andreotti, Arnaldo Forlani, Ciriaco De Mita en (DC), Bettino Craxi (PSI) en en (PLI). Vanwege het schandaal zijn spoedig daarop al deze vijf partijen ineengestort, zodat er een geheel ander partijenlandschap ontstond. (nl) Pentapartito foi uma coalizão de governo na Itália criada em 1981 e dissolvida em 1991, formada pelo acordo entre os partidos de centro-esquerda com o PLI. (pt) |
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| rdfs:comment | El Pentapartito (del Griego πέντε pénte, "cinco", y del Italiano partito, "partido"), comúnmente abreviado como CAF (de las iniciales de Craxi, Andreotti y Forlani), se refiere al gobierno de coalición de cinco partidos políticos italianos que se formó entre junio de 1981 y abril de 1991. La coalición estaba formada por el partido Democracia Cristiana (DC) y cuatro partidos laicos: el Partido Socialista Italiano (PSI), el Partido Socialista Democrático Italiano (PSDI), el Partido Liberal Italiano (PLI) y el Partido Republicano Italiano (PRI). (es) The Pentapartito (from Greek πέντε, "five", and Italian partito, "party"), commonly shortened to CAF (from the initials of Craxi, Andreotti and Forlani), refers to the coalition government of five Italian political parties that formed between June 1981 and April 1991. The coalition comprised the Christian Democracy (DC), the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI), Italian Liberal Party (PLI) and Italian Republican Party (PRI). (en) Pentapartito foi uma coalizão de governo na Itália criada em 1981 e dissolvida em 1991, formada pelo acordo entre os partidos de centro-esquerda com o PLI. (pt) Die Bezeichnung Pentapartito (deutsch: Fünferpartei) steht für die Regierungskoalition in Italien zwischen 1980 und 1992. Sie bestand aus den fünf Parteien Democrazia Cristiana (DC), Partito Socialista Italiano (PSI), Partito Socialista Democratico Italiano (PSDI), Partito Repubblicano Italiano (PRI) und Partito Liberale Italiano (PLI). (de) Pentapartito è l'espressione usata per definire la coalizione di governo in Italia dal 1981 fino al 1991, formata dall'intesa tra i partiti del vecchio centro-sinistra organico (DC, PSI, PSDI, PRI) cui si aggiunse il PLI. (it) Pentapartito ("de vijf partijen") is de naam die vaak wordt gegeven aan de regeringscoalitie die van 1980 tot 1992 over Italië regeerde. Deze coalitie bestond uit de volgende vijf politieke partijen: * DC (Christendemocratische Partij van Italië) * PSI (Socialistische Partij van Italië) * PRI (Republikeinse Partij van Italië) * PLI (Liberale Partij van Italië) * PSDI (Sociaaldemocratische Partij van Italië) Vanwege het schandaal zijn spoedig daarop al deze vijf partijen ineengestort, zodat er een geheel ander partijenlandschap ontstond. (nl) |
| rdfs:label | Pentapartito (de) Pentapartito (es) Pentapartito (en) Pentapartito (it) Pentapartito (nl) Pentapartito (pt) |
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