Private currency in pre-revolutionary Russia (original) (raw)

In Russia, from the second half of the 19th to the early 20th century limited means of payment got rather widespread among private individuals - owners of commercial firms, shop owners, owners of profitable outlets at clubs. Sometimes the use of surrogate money resulted in a temporary shortage of state paper bills of small denominations and small coins in some region of the country. But most often the initiators of such unofficial emissions were the desire to get a more concrete economic benefit, for example, when bons that were paid instead of usual wage went then to purchase goods in a trade points organized by the same entrepreneurs.

Property	Value
dbo:abstract	In Russia, from the second half of the 19th to the early 20th century limited means of payment got rather widespread among private individuals - owners of commercial firms, shop owners, owners of profitable outlets at clubs. Sometimes the use of surrogate money resulted in a temporary shortage of state paper bills of small denominations and small coins in some region of the country. But most often the initiators of such unofficial emissions were the desire to get a more concrete economic benefit, for example, when bons that were paid instead of usual wage went then to purchase goods in a trade points organized by the same entrepreneurs. All sorts of public organizations and clubs - class, national, professional, regimental-officer, charitable, hunting-sports and others - functioned actively, they had their buffets and canteens, organized some kind of activity. And in all the places listed, the surrogate local money of its own release was used, usually collectively referred to as "tokens." Often, the owners of some establishments gave surrogate money to their employees as a salary. (en)
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dbp:sign	A. Shishkin (en)
dbp:text	Zorich also started various factories in his estate, like silk fabrics, linen, sailing, rope, cloth and leather. But these institutions, apart from the loss, almost did not bring anything to him. Zorich, as it seems, has invented a means of making more debts. He even invented his bank notes. These were small printed pieces of a special kind, on which the price was set from 5 to 100 rubles, with a written price to pay from his estate. And when he had a need for money, he signed them and gave them out. In Shklov, they accepted them willingly. On his death, the arrangements were mainly paid by his banknotes, rather than with rubles, because on these papers there was not interest as on real bills, but they were used as government bonds. (en) These stamps were used in all restaurant type institutions by waiters. They were intended for internal settlements between waiters, a buffet, and a kitchen. This was done so: at the start of the work the waiter received tokens of different denominations in the cash desk for a certain amount. He took them either to himself or bought for his/her own money . Passing the order of the visitor to the buffet and the kitchen, the waiter brought in the stamps for the required amount, and from the visitor received the money. At the end of the shift, the waiter handed into the cashier the remaining chips and money received from visitors . In those institutions where the waiter was buying the tokens with his/her own cash, the cashier returned the money for the rest of the chips. From the buffet and the kitchen, the chips were returned to the cashier and the next day they were again given out to the waiter. (en)
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dct:subject	dbc:Economy_of_Russia dbc:Russian_Empire dbc:Private_currencies
rdfs:comment	In Russia, from the second half of the 19th to the early 20th century limited means of payment got rather widespread among private individuals - owners of commercial firms, shop owners, owners of profitable outlets at clubs. Sometimes the use of surrogate money resulted in a temporary shortage of state paper bills of small denominations and small coins in some region of the country. But most often the initiators of such unofficial emissions were the desire to get a more concrete economic benefit, for example, when bons that were paid instead of usual wage went then to purchase goods in a trade points organized by the same entrepreneurs. (en)
rdfs:label	Private currency in pre-revolutionary Russia (en)
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