Prostaglandin receptor (original) (raw)
Prostaglandinový receptor nebo také prostanoidní receptor je transmembránový receptor pro jeden nebo více přirozeně se vyskytujících např. (tj. PGD2), PGE2, PGF2alpha, (však pgi2), A2 (TXA2), a PGH2. Názvy prostaglandinových receptorů jsou tvořeny podle názvů prostanoidů, na které se přednostně receptory vážou a reagují, např. receptor citlivý na PG12 při nižších koncentracích je prostacyklin receptor (IP). Jedinou výjimkou z tohoto pravidla je receptor pro A2 (TP), který se váže a reaguje na PGH2 a TXA2 stejně dobře.
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| dbo:abstract | Prostaglandinový receptor nebo také prostanoidní receptor je transmembránový receptor pro jeden nebo více přirozeně se vyskytujících např. (tj. PGD2), PGE2, PGF2alpha, (však pgi2), A2 (TXA2), a PGH2. Názvy prostaglandinových receptorů jsou tvořeny podle názvů prostanoidů, na které se přednostně receptory vážou a reagují, např. receptor citlivý na PG12 při nižších koncentracích je prostacyklin receptor (IP). Jedinou výjimkou z tohoto pravidla je receptor pro A2 (TP), který se váže a reaguje na PGH2 a TXA2 stejně dobře. Všechny prostanoidní receptory jsou receptor spřažené s G proteinem patřící do podskupiny A14 z rodiny rhodopsinových receptorů rodiny s výjimkou prostaglandin DP2 receptoru, který je více v sekvenci aminokyselin a své funkci podoben chemotakticko-faktorovým receptorům pro C5a a leukotrien B4. Prostanoidní receptory se váží a reagují s metabolity s lineárním řetězcem polynenasycené mastné kyseliny (PUFA),tj. kyseliny arachidonové. Tyto metabolity obsahují dvě dvojné vazby a jsou pojmenovány dle prostanoidů 2. skupiny, tj. PGD2, PGE2, PGF2a, Pgi2, TXA2 a PGH2. Nicméně, stejné enzymy metabolizují kyselinu arachidonovou na 2 prostanoidy podobně metabolizují další dva lineární řetězce polynenasycených mastných kyselin: kyselinu gama-Linolenovou, která má o jednu dvojnou vazbu méně než kyselina arachidonová na 1.sériiprostanoidů (PGD1, PGE1, atd.), které mají o jednu dvojnou vazbu méně, než 2. skupina prostanoidů, a dále metabolizují kyselinu eikosapentaenovou, která má o jednu dvojnou vazbu více než arachidonová kyselina na 3.skupinu prostanoidů (PGD3, PGE3, atd.), které mají o jednu dvojnou vazbu, více než 2.skupima prostanoidů. Obecně platí, že receptory pro 2. skupinu prostanoidů také váží a reagují na řadu prostanoidů ze skupin 1 a 3. s poněkud menší afinitou. (cs) Prostaglandin receptors or prostanoid receptors represent a sub-class of cell surface membrane receptors that are regarded as the primary receptors for one or more of the classical, naturally occurring prostanoids viz., prostaglandin D2, (i.e. PGD2), PGE2, PGF2alpha, prostacyclin (PGI2), thromboxane A2 (TXA2), and PGH2. They are named based on the prostanoid to which they preferentially bind and respond, e.g. the receptor responsive to PGI2 at lower concentrations than any other prostanoid is named the Prostacyclin receptor (IP). One exception to this rule is the receptor for thromboxane A2 (TP) which binds and responds to PGH2 and TXA2 equally well. All of the prostanoid receptors are G protein-coupled receptors belonging to the Subfamily A14 of the rhodopsin-like receptor family except for the Prostaglandin DP2 receptor which is more closely related in amino acid sequence and functionality to chemotactic factor receptors such as the receptors for C5a and leukotriene B4. Prostanoid receptors bind and respond principally to metabolites of the straight chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), arachidonic acid. These metabolites contain two double bonds and are named series 2 prostanoids, i.e. PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α, PGI2, TXA2 and PGH2. However, the same enzymes that metabolize arachidonic acid to series 2 prostanoids similarly metabolize two other straight chain PUFAs: they metabolize gamma-Linolenic acid, which has one less double bond than arachidonic acid, to series 1 prostanoids (PGD1, PGE1, etc.), which have one less double bond than the series 2 prostanoids, and they metabolize eicosapentaenoic acid, which has one more double bond than arachidonic acid, to series 3 prostanoids (PGD3, PGE3, etc.), which have one more double bond than the series 2 prostanoids. In general, receptors for the series 2 prostanoids also bind with and respond to the series 1 and 3 prostanoids. Typically, prostanoid receptors show somewhat less affinity and responsiveness to the 1 and 3 series prostanoids. There are 9 established prostanoid receptors. The following table gives these receptors: a) full name; b) shortened names; c) activating prostanoids (presented in order of decreasing potencies); d) time-honored classification as contractile (i.e. contracting smooth muscle), relaxant (i.e. relaxing smooth muscle), or inhibitory (i.e. inhibiting adenyl cyclase (AC) production of cyclic AMP [cAMP]); e) G proteins types to which they link and activate, i.e. those containing the Gs alpha subunit, Gi alpha subunit, Gq alpha subunit and/or G12 subunit; and f) signaling pathways which they regulate including Adenyl cyclase which when activated increases cellular cAMP and when inhibited reduces the cellular levels of this secondary messenger; Phosphoinositide 3-kinase which when activated is responsible for forming phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate, and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate secondary messengers; Phospholipase C (PLC) which when activated is responsible for forming Inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol secondary messengers that are, respectively, responsible for raising the levels of Ca2+ in the cellular cytosol to control the activity of Ca2+-cell signaling agents and for activating protein kinase C (PKC) secondary messengers; and Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 Mpk), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) which when activated phosphorylate and thereby influence the activity of key proteins that govern cell function. There is indirect evidence for a second PGI2 receptor in human airway epithelial cells but this finding has not been collaborated and the putative receptor has not been otherwise defined. (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Prostaglandinový receptor nebo také prostanoidní receptor je transmembránový receptor pro jeden nebo více přirozeně se vyskytujících např. (tj. PGD2), PGE2, PGF2alpha, (však pgi2), A2 (TXA2), a PGH2. Názvy prostaglandinových receptorů jsou tvořeny podle názvů prostanoidů, na které se přednostně receptory vážou a reagují, např. receptor citlivý na PG12 při nižších koncentracích je prostacyklin receptor (IP). Jedinou výjimkou z tohoto pravidla je receptor pro A2 (TP), který se váže a reaguje na PGH2 a TXA2 stejně dobře. (cs) Prostaglandin receptors or prostanoid receptors represent a sub-class of cell surface membrane receptors that are regarded as the primary receptors for one or more of the classical, naturally occurring prostanoids viz., prostaglandin D2, (i.e. PGD2), PGE2, PGF2alpha, prostacyclin (PGI2), thromboxane A2 (TXA2), and PGH2. They are named based on the prostanoid to which they preferentially bind and respond, e.g. the receptor responsive to PGI2 at lower concentrations than any other prostanoid is named the Prostacyclin receptor (IP). One exception to this rule is the receptor for thromboxane A2 (TP) which binds and responds to PGH2 and TXA2 equally well. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Prostaglandinový receptor (cs) Prostaglandin receptor (en) |
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