Qibla observation by shadows (original) (raw)
Twice every year, the Sun culminates at the zenith of the Kaaba in Mecca, the holiest site in Islam, at local solar noon, allowing the qibla (the direction towards the Kaaba) to be ascertained in other parts of the world by observing the shadows cast by vertical objects. This phenomenon occurs at 12:18 Saudi Arabia Standard Time (SAST; 09:18 UTC) on 27 or 28 May (depending on the year), and at 12:27 SAST (09:27 UTC) on 15 or 16 July (depending on the year). At these times, the sun appears in the direction of Mecca, and shadows cast by vertical objects determine the qibla. At two other moments in the year, the sun passes through the nadir (the antipodal zenith) of the Kaaba, casting shadows that point in the opposite direction, and thus also determine the qibla. These occur on 12, 13, or 14
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| dbo:abstract | Twice every year, the Sun culminates at the zenith of the Kaaba in Mecca, the holiest site in Islam, at local solar noon, allowing the qibla (the direction towards the Kaaba) to be ascertained in other parts of the world by observing the shadows cast by vertical objects. This phenomenon occurs at 12:18 Saudi Arabia Standard Time (SAST; 09:18 UTC) on 27 or 28 May (depending on the year), and at 12:27 SAST (09:27 UTC) on 15 or 16 July (depending on the year). At these times, the sun appears in the direction of Mecca, and shadows cast by vertical objects determine the qibla. At two other moments in the year, the sun passes through the nadir (the antipodal zenith) of the Kaaba, casting shadows that point in the opposite direction, and thus also determine the qibla. These occur on 12, 13, or 14 January at 00:30 SAST (21:30 UTC on the preceding day), and 28 or 29 November at 00:09 SAST (21:09 UTC on the preceding day). The shadow points towards Mecca because the sun path makes the subsolar point travel through every latitude between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn every year, including the latitude of the Kaaba (21°25′N), and because the sun crosses the local meridian once a day. This observation has been known since at least the 13th century, when it was noted by the astronomers Jaghmini and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, but their timings could not be fixed to a particular date because the Islamic calendar is lunar rather than solar; the solar date on which the sun culminates at the zenith of Mecca is constant, but the lunar date varies from year to year. (en) Pengamatan arah kiblat melalui bayangan adalah salah satu cara menentukan arah kiblat, yaitu arah ke Ka'bah yang digunakan umat Islam untuk ibadah. Utamanya, pengamatan ini dapat dilakukan pada 27/28 Mei sekitar pukul sekitar pukul 12.18 Waktu Arab Saudi (WAS) atau 16.18 WIB dan 15/16 Juli pukul 12.27 WAS (16.27 WIB). Kedua waktu tersebut bertepatan saat matahari berada di titik tertingginya (kulminasi) di Ka'bah pada hari itu (sekaligus waktu azan zuhur), dan pada kedua tanggal tersebut matahari berada di posisi lintang yang sama dengan Ka'bah. Alhasil, matahari berada kurang lebih di atas Ka'bah sehingga dari tempat lain arah matahari yang tampak, maupun arah bayangan yang ditimbulkan oleh benda tegak akan menunjukkan arah Ka'bah. Untuk paruh bumi yang tidak mengalami siang pada kedua waktu ini (sehingga tidak menerima sinar matahari), pengamatan dapat dilakukan pada dua waktu lain saat matahari berada di atas titik antipode Ka'bah sehingga arah bayangan yang dibentuk tepat berlawanan. Fenomena ini terjadi akibat kombinasi gerak semu tahunan matahari sehingga matahari melalui setiap garis lintang antara 23,5° lintang utara dan 23,5° lintang selatan (termasuk posisi Ka'bah yang berada di sekitar 21°25’ LU), dan gerak semu harian sehingga setiap hari matahari mengalami kulminasi atau melewati garis meridian di suatu tempat. Hal ini diketahui setidaknya dari abad ke-13 oleh ilmuwan dan Nashiruddin ath-Thusi, tetapi karena ketika itu Dunia Islam tidak menggunakan penanggalan Masehi, jadwal peristiwa ini tidak bisa dinyatakan dalam tanggal yang tetap. (in) |
| dbo:endDate | 2021-05-27 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Direction_of_qibla_using_shadow.svg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://geomete.com/abdali/papers/qibla.pdf%7Cyear=1997 https://www.neliti.com/publications/79316/telaah-penentuan-arah-kiblat-dengan-perhitungan-trigonometri-bola-dan-bayang-bay https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/qibla.htm%7Cyear=2017%7Cwebsite=Webpages https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/26/middleeast/sun-kabaa-alignment/index.html https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=erLqDAAAQBAJ%7Cyear=2015%7Cpublisher=Pustaka |
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| dbp:authorlink | David A. King (en) |
| dbp:caption | Twice a year, the Sun passes overhead above the Kaaba, causing shadows of vertical objects to indicate the direction of the qibla. (en) |
| dbp:date | 0001-05-28 (xsd:gMonthDay) 0001-07-12 (xsd:gMonthDay) (en) |
| dbp:first | David A. (en) Arent Jan (en) |
| dbp:frequency | Twice a year (en) |
| dbp:genre | Astronomical phenomena related to Islamic worship (en) |
| dbp:last | 2021-05-27 (xsd:date) King (en) Wensinck (en) |
| dbp:location | Worldwide, in locations with an angular distance of less than 90° from the Kaaba (en) |
| dbp:name | Qibla observation by shadows (en) |
| dbp:page | 83 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:pages | 82 (xsd:integer) 317 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:title | Kaʿba (en) Ḳibla: Astronomical Aspects (en) Ḳibla: Ritual and Legal Aspects (en) |
| dbp:volume | 4 (xsd:integer) 5 (xsd:integer) |
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| dct:subject | dbc:Orientation_(geometry) dbc:Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world dbc:Shadows |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing schema:Event dul:Event dbo:SocietalEvent wikidata:Q1656682 dbo:Convention dbo:Event |
| rdfs:comment | Twice every year, the Sun culminates at the zenith of the Kaaba in Mecca, the holiest site in Islam, at local solar noon, allowing the qibla (the direction towards the Kaaba) to be ascertained in other parts of the world by observing the shadows cast by vertical objects. This phenomenon occurs at 12:18 Saudi Arabia Standard Time (SAST; 09:18 UTC) on 27 or 28 May (depending on the year), and at 12:27 SAST (09:27 UTC) on 15 or 16 July (depending on the year). At these times, the sun appears in the direction of Mecca, and shadows cast by vertical objects determine the qibla. At two other moments in the year, the sun passes through the nadir (the antipodal zenith) of the Kaaba, casting shadows that point in the opposite direction, and thus also determine the qibla. These occur on 12, 13, or 14 (en) Pengamatan arah kiblat melalui bayangan adalah salah satu cara menentukan arah kiblat, yaitu arah ke Ka'bah yang digunakan umat Islam untuk ibadah. Utamanya, pengamatan ini dapat dilakukan pada 27/28 Mei sekitar pukul sekitar pukul 12.18 Waktu Arab Saudi (WAS) atau 16.18 WIB dan 15/16 Juli pukul 12.27 WAS (16.27 WIB). Kedua waktu tersebut bertepatan saat matahari berada di titik tertingginya (kulminasi) di Ka'bah pada hari itu (sekaligus waktu azan zuhur), dan pada kedua tanggal tersebut matahari berada di posisi lintang yang sama dengan Ka'bah. Alhasil, matahari berada kurang lebih di atas Ka'bah sehingga dari tempat lain arah matahari yang tampak, maupun arah bayangan yang ditimbulkan oleh benda tegak akan menunjukkan arah Ka'bah. Untuk paruh bumi yang tidak mengalami siang pada kedua wa (in) |
| rdfs:label | Pengamatan arah kiblat melalui bayangan (in) Qibla observation by shadows (en) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Sun_path |
| owl:sameAs | wikidata:Qibla observation by shadows dbpedia-id:Qibla observation by shadows https://global.dbpedia.org/id/C3152 |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Qibla_observation_by_shadows?oldid=1109853795&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Chacana_Cruz_andina-_OAQ.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Stamps_of_Azerbaijan,_2001-593_(cropped).jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Direction_of_qibla_using_shadow.svg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Kaaba_Masjid_Haraam_Makkah.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/North_season.jpg |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Qibla_observation_by_shadows |
| foaf:name | Qibla observation by shadows (en) |
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