| dbo:abstract |
جراحة السكك الحديدية هي نوع من الممارسات الطبية التي ازدهرت في القرن التاسع عشر ومطلع القرن العشرين، حيث يعني بالمتطلبات الطبية لشركات السكك الحديدية، وبحسب البلد فقد شملت تلك المتطلبات بعضاً أو كلاً من الطب العام لمعالجة الطاقم وجراحة الحوادث الناجمة من السكك الحديدية وكذلك الصحة والسلامة المهنية والأنشطة الطبية القانونية التي تتعلق بمطالبات التعويض ضد الشركة والاختبارات المهنية. جراحة السكك الحديدية تطورت بشكل خاص في الولايات المتحدة حيث كان لها منظمات مهنية رسمية ومجلات علمية. أحد أسباب ذلك هو أن السكك الحديدية في الولايات المتحدة كانت تملك عدد إصابات مرتفع من الحوادث وكذلك عدد أكبر من من اصابات العمال بسبب حوادث العمل. السبب الآخر هو أن العديد من السكك في الولايات المتحدة تمر عبر مناطق ذات بنية تحتية طبية قليلة أو غير متوفرة من الأساس. أما في أوروبا فقد كانت السكك الحديدية أكثر أمنا والبنية التحتية أفضل. واجبات جراحي السكك الحديدية كانت غالباً تعنى باللتحقيق في الحوادث والمطالبات الناتجة عن الركاب. في الهند واجهت السكك الحديدية أيضا نقصاً في البنى التحتية الطبية المتوفرة مثل الولايات المتحدة واحتاجوا لبنائها من الصفر. لاتزال السكك الحديدية الهندية إلى هذا اليوم محافظة على شبكة من المستشفيات. فقدت جراحة السكك الحديدة بحلول منتصف القرن العشرين هويتها المنفصلة، وبسبب نمو الصناعات الأخرى وتطور السلامة في السكك الحديدية لم تعد السكك الحديدية السبب الرئيسي للإصابات. وبالمثل فإن الطب الصناعي والصحة والسلامة بشكل عام صارت مصدر اهتمام جميع القطاعات، وبالتالي لم يعد هناك حاجة إلى فرع طبي مخصص لقطاع صناعي معين بشكل خاص. (ar) Railway surgery was a branch of medical practice that flourished in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It concerned itself with the medical requirements of railway companies. Depending on country, it included some or all of: general practice for railway staff, trauma surgery as a result of accidents on the railways, occupational health and safety, medico-legal activities regarding compensation claims against the company, and occupational testing. Railway surgery was especially well-developed in the US with formal professional organisations and scholarly journals. One of the reasons for this was that US railways were particularly dangerous with a high number of casualties from crashes and an even higher number of workers hurt in industrial accidents. Another reason was that many US routes passed through areas with little or no existing medical infrastructure. In Europe the railways were safer and infrastructure was generally already in place. The duties of railway surgeons in Europe mostly involved investigations into accidents and the resulting claims arising from passengers. In India the railways also faced a lack of existing medical infrastructure and, like the US, had to build it from scratch. Indian Railways still maintains a network of hospitals. By the middle of the 20th century railway surgery had lost its separate identity. The growth of other industries and improving rail safety meant that the railways no longer stood out as a leading cause of injuries. Likewise, industrial medicine and health and safety became a concern for all industries. There was no longer a need for an industry-specific branch of medicine. (en) |
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جراحة السكك الحديدية هي نوع من الممارسات الطبية التي ازدهرت في القرن التاسع عشر ومطلع القرن العشرين، حيث يعني بالمتطلبات الطبية لشركات السكك الحديدية، وبحسب البلد فقد شملت تلك المتطلبات بعضاً أو كلاً من الطب العام لمعالجة الطاقم وجراحة الحوادث الناجمة من السكك الحديدية وكذلك الصحة والسلامة المهنية والأنشطة الطبية القانونية التي تتعلق بمطالبات التعويض ضد الشركة والاختبارات المهنية. (ar) Railway surgery was a branch of medical practice that flourished in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It concerned itself with the medical requirements of railway companies. Depending on country, it included some or all of: general practice for railway staff, trauma surgery as a result of accidents on the railways, occupational health and safety, medico-legal activities regarding compensation claims against the company, and occupational testing. (en) |
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