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Die Ramapo Mountains sind eine rund 50 Kilometer lange Bergkette der Appalachen im Norden New Jerseys und dem äußersten Südosten des Bundesstaats New York. Sie verlaufen in Südost-Nordwestrichtung entlang einer Verwerfung, die sich vom Bear Peak am Ostufer des Hudson River in New York etwa rechtwinklig zur Staatsgrenze zwischen New York und New Jersey zieht. Sie stellen auf dieser Länge den westlichsten Kamm der Appalachen dar und begrenzen die Ebene des mit mesozoischen Sedimenten und Vulkaniten gefüllten (Newark Basin) nach Nordwesten; in den Ramapo Mountains treten dann die anstehenden präkambrischen Metamorphite (Gneis, Quarzite) der Appalachen an die Oberfläche. Das im Nordwesten anschließende Bergland wird als New Jersey Highlands, der noch in New York gelegene Teil auch als Hudson Highlands bezeichnet. Obwohl in Sichtweite von Manhattan gelegen, waren die steil ansteigenden Ramapo Mountains und ihr Hinterland bis weit ins 20. Jahrhundert hinein schwer zugänglich. In der Abgeschiedenheit der Berge bildete sich seit dem 19. Jahrhundert eine distinkte Volksgruppe heraus, die so genannten „Ramapo Mountain Indians.“ Die Abstammung dieser Gruppe, die sich selbst als Abkömmling des Indianerstamms der Lenni Lenape sieht, ist bis heute umstritten; zumeist werden sie wie vergleichbare Bevölkerungsgruppen wie die Lumbees in North Carolina oder die Melungeons der südlichen Appalachen als sogenanntes „“ (triracial isolate) begriffen, das aus der Vermischung weißer, afroamerikanischer und indianischer Siedler entstand. (de) Les monts Ramapo sont un massif montagneux situé dans le Nord-Est de l’État du New Jersey et le Sud-Est de l’État de New York. Il s'agit d'un massif secondaire des Appalaches. (fr) The Ramapo Mountains are a forested chain of the Appalachian Mountains in northeastern New Jersey and southeastern New York, in the United States. They range in height from 900 to 1,200 feet (270 to 370 m) in New Jersey, and 900 to 1,400 feet (270 to 430 m) in New York. Several parks and forest preserves encompass parts of the Ramapos (see Points of interest, below), and many hiking trails are in the Ramapos, including sections of the Appalachian Trail, which is maintained and updated in the Ramapo Mountains by the New York–New Jersey Trail Conference. The mountains are named after the Ramapo Fault, which trends northeast to southwest, and separates the eastern Piedmont geologic province from the Highland province. The Ramapos are composed of granite, gneiss, and marble, as old as 1.3 billion years. (en) |
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Les monts Ramapo sont un massif montagneux situé dans le Nord-Est de l’État du New Jersey et le Sud-Est de l’État de New York. Il s'agit d'un massif secondaire des Appalaches. (fr) Die Ramapo Mountains sind eine rund 50 Kilometer lange Bergkette der Appalachen im Norden New Jerseys und dem äußersten Südosten des Bundesstaats New York. Sie verlaufen in Südost-Nordwestrichtung entlang einer Verwerfung, die sich vom Bear Peak am Ostufer des Hudson River in New York etwa rechtwinklig zur Staatsgrenze zwischen New York und New Jersey zieht. Sie stellen auf dieser Länge den westlichsten Kamm der Appalachen dar und begrenzen die Ebene des mit mesozoischen Sedimenten und Vulkaniten gefüllten (Newark Basin) nach Nordwesten; in den Ramapo Mountains treten dann die anstehenden präkambrischen Metamorphite (Gneis, Quarzite) der Appalachen an die Oberfläche. Das im Nordwesten anschließende Bergland wird als New Jersey Highlands, der noch in New York gelegene Teil auch als Hudson (de) The Ramapo Mountains are a forested chain of the Appalachian Mountains in northeastern New Jersey and southeastern New York, in the United States. They range in height from 900 to 1,200 feet (270 to 370 m) in New Jersey, and 900 to 1,400 feet (270 to 430 m) in New York. Several parks and forest preserves encompass parts of the Ramapos (see Points of interest, below), and many hiking trails are in the Ramapos, including sections of the Appalachian Trail, which is maintained and updated in the Ramapo Mountains by the New York–New Jersey Trail Conference. (en) |
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