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Ein Reichskrieg war ein Krieg, den das Heilige Römische Reich als Ganzes gegen einen Gegner führte. Der Gegner konnte einer der Reichsstände oder ein Gegner außerhalb des Reiches sein. Der Reichskrieg wurde vom Kaiser ausgerufen. Spätestens seit dem Dreißigjährigen Krieg (1618–1648) wurde es üblich, dass die Kriegserklärung auch durch den Reichstag bestätigt wurde. Nach dem Ende des Heiligen Römischen Reichs 1806 und der Bildung des Deutschen Bundes (1815) wurden Kriege mehrerer deutscher Staaten bzw. Länder gegen andere Parteien als Bundesfeldzug bezeichnet (z. B. Schleswig-Holsteinischer Krieg (1848–1851), Deutscher Krieg (1866)). (de) A Reichskrieg ("Imperial War", pl. Reichskriege) was a war fought by the Holy Roman Empire as a whole against a common enemy. After the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, a Reichskrieg was a formal state of war that could only be declared by the Imperial Diet. There were two kinds of Reichskrieg with two different legal bases. The first was a Reichsexekutionskrieg, a military action of the empire against one of its own Imperial Estates (Reichstände). This could only be done after one of the empire's two supreme courts, the Imperial Chamber Court or the Imperial Aulic Council, had found the offending estate to be in breach of the peace, and the estate was too powerful to be subdued by the Imperial Circle to which it belonged. The second kind of Reichskrieg was that against another sovereign state that had violated the empire's rights or frontiers. After 1519, the emperors were bound to get the support of the Imperial Electors prior to declaring war on another state. From 1648, they required the approval of the diet for both kinds of war. The only state against which a formal Reichskrieg was ever declared was France. The diet declared war on France in 1689, 1702, 1734, 1793 and 1799. The declaration created a state of war, but it was still necessary for the emperor by a series of orders to begin the decentralised process of forming the Reichsarmee (Imperial Army) out of the Imperial Circles' troops. What each estate owed in both money and men was determined by the Imperial Military Constitution. Following the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss (1803), the six imperial cities that remained were pledged to perpetual neutrality even during a Reichskrieg. (en) |
