Reverse cholesterol transport (original) (raw)
Der reverse Cholesterintransport ist ein Stoffwechselweg in Wirbeltieren, bei dem mithilfe von HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) überschüssiges Cholesterin von den Zellen im Körper zur Leber transportiert wird. Dort findet anschließend dessen Abbau statt. Es handelt sich also um einen Teil des Katabolismus. Da ein Zuviel an Cholesterin schädlich für die Zellen ist, wird das so abtransportierte, in HDL verpackte Cholesterin als gutes Cholesterin bezeichnet.
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| dbo:abstract | Der reverse Cholesterintransport ist ein Stoffwechselweg in Wirbeltieren, bei dem mithilfe von HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) überschüssiges Cholesterin von den Zellen im Körper zur Leber transportiert wird. Dort findet anschließend dessen Abbau statt. Es handelt sich also um einen Teil des Katabolismus. Da ein Zuviel an Cholesterin schädlich für die Zellen ist, wird das so abtransportierte, in HDL verpackte Cholesterin als gutes Cholesterin bezeichnet. (de) Reverse cholesterol transport is a multi-step process resulting in the net movement of cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver first via entering the lymphatic system, then the bloodstream. Cholesterol from non-hepatic peripheral tissues is transferred to HDL by the ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter). Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA-1), the major protein component of HDL, acts as an acceptor, and the phospholipid component of HDL acts as a sink for the mobilised cholesterol.The cholesterol is converted to cholesteryl esters by the enzyme LCAT (lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase).The cholesteryl esters can be transferred, with the help of CETP (cholesterylester transfer protein) in exchange for triglycerides, to other lipoproteins (such as LDL and VLDL), and these lipoproteins can be taken up by secreting unesterified cholesterol into the bile or by converting cholesterol to bile acids. Adiponectin induces ABCA1-mediated reverse cholesterol transport from macrophages by activation of PPAR-γ and LXRα/β. Uptake of HDL2 is mediated by hepatic lipase, a special form of lipoprotein lipase found only in the liver. Hepatic lipase activity is increased by androgens and decreased by estrogens, which may account for higher concentrations of HDL2 in women. Discoidal (Nascent) HDL:Initially, HDL is discoidal in shape because it lacks esterified cholesterol but as it keeps accumulating free cholesterol in it, the enzyme LCAT keeps esterifying the free cholesterol. When the HDL molecule is cholesterol rich, its shape is changed into more spherical and it becomes less dense (HDL 2). This is carried to the liver to release all the esterified cholesterol into the liver. (en) Il trasporto inverso del colesterolo è un processo a più fasi che provoca il trasferimento del colesterolo dai tessuti periferici verso il fegato attraverso il sistema linfatico prima, attraverso il flusso sanguigno poi. Questa è l'unica via metabolica attraverso la quale l'organismo può eliminare il colesterolo in eccesso. Il colesterolo dai tessuti periferici non epatici viene trasferito, ad opera dell'ABCA1, dalla membrana plasmatica delle cellule alle HDL discoidali (pre-β HDL), a basso contenuto di colesterolo. L'apo A-1 Milano, la principale componente proteica delle HDL, agisce come un accettore. Nella circolazione parte del colesterolo libero (non esterificato) contenuto nelle HDL viene convertito in esteri di colesterolo dall'enzima LCAT (lecitina-colesterolo aciltransferasi): tali esteri si accumulano nel nucleo delle HDL che acquistano una forma sferica e dimensioni progressivamente maggiori (HDL3 e HDL2). Gli esteri del colesterolo possono quindi essere trasferiti, con l'aiuto del CETP (proteina di trasferimento del colesterolo) in cambio dei trigliceridi, ad altre lipoproteine plasmatiche (come LDL e VLDL). Le HDL sferiche acquisiscono ulteriore colesterolo libero dalle cellule interagendo con ABCG1. Infine le HDL2 vengono captate dal fegato e in questo modo il colesterolo può essere eliminato dall'organismo come colesterolo non esterificato nella bile o convertito in acidi biliari. La captazione epatica delle HDL2 è operata dallo scavenger receptor SR-BI ed è mediata dalla , una forma speciale di lipasi lipoproteica che si trova solo nel fegato. L'attività della lipasi epatica è aumentata dagli androgeni e diminuita dagli estrogeni, che possono spiegare concentrazioni più elevate di HDL2 nelle donne. (it) |
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| gold:hypernym | dbr:Process |
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| rdfs:comment | Der reverse Cholesterintransport ist ein Stoffwechselweg in Wirbeltieren, bei dem mithilfe von HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) überschüssiges Cholesterin von den Zellen im Körper zur Leber transportiert wird. Dort findet anschließend dessen Abbau statt. Es handelt sich also um einen Teil des Katabolismus. Da ein Zuviel an Cholesterin schädlich für die Zellen ist, wird das so abtransportierte, in HDL verpackte Cholesterin als gutes Cholesterin bezeichnet. (de) Reverse cholesterol transport is a multi-step process resulting in the net movement of cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver first via entering the lymphatic system, then the bloodstream. Adiponectin induces ABCA1-mediated reverse cholesterol transport from macrophages by activation of PPAR-γ and LXRα/β. Uptake of HDL2 is mediated by hepatic lipase, a special form of lipoprotein lipase found only in the liver. Hepatic lipase activity is increased by androgens and decreased by estrogens, which may account for higher concentrations of HDL2 in women. (en) Il trasporto inverso del colesterolo è un processo a più fasi che provoca il trasferimento del colesterolo dai tessuti periferici verso il fegato attraverso il sistema linfatico prima, attraverso il flusso sanguigno poi. Questa è l'unica via metabolica attraverso la quale l'organismo può eliminare il colesterolo in eccesso. (it) |
| rdfs:label | Reverser Cholesterintransport (de) Trasporto inverso del colesterolo (it) Reverse cholesterol transport (en) |
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