Robert R. Gilruth (original) (raw)

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Robert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States human spaceflight program, including the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs.

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dbo:abstract Robert Rowe Gilruth (* 8. Oktober 1913 in Nashwauk, Minnesota, USA; † 17. August 2000 in Charlottesville, Virginia, USA) war ein amerikanischer Luft- und Raumfahrtpionier. Er war zwischen 1961 und 1972 der erste Direktor des Johnson Space Centers der NASA. Gilruth besuchte die High School in Duluth (Minnesota) und studierte Luftfahrttechnik an der University of Minnesota. 1935 erwarb er den Bachelor-Grad und im Jahr darauf einen Master. Gilruth begann seine Karriere mit der Erforschung des Überschallfluges und der Entwicklung von Raketen getriebenen Flugzeugen. Später wechselte er zum bemannten Weltraumprogramm, wo er eine zentrale Rolle bei der Verwirklichung der Mercury-, Gemini- und Apollo-Programme spielte. Von 1937 bis 1958 arbeitete er für das National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) und anschließend für dessen Nachfolger, die US-Raumfahrtbehörde NASA. Mit der Gründung der NASA wurde Gilruth Leiter der , deren Aufgabe es war, einen Menschen vor der Sowjetunion in den Weltraum zu bringen. Als dies scheiterte, war es Gilruth, der US-Präsident John F. Kennedy davon überzeugte, dass die Vereinigten Staaten ein größeres Ziel benötigen, wie etwa die Landung auf dem Mond. Als 1961 in Texas das Manned Spacecraft Center (seit 1973 Johnson Space Center) gegründet wurde, übernahm Gilruth dessen Leitung. Er hielt die Position bis 1972 inne und hatte in dieser Funktion die Gesamtverantwortung über 25 bemannte Raumflüge von Mercury-Redstone 3 bis Apollo 15. 1971 wurde Gilruth mit der James-Watt-Medaille ausgezeichnet. Seit 1970 ist er Namensgeber für den Mount Gilruth, einen Berg in der Antarktis. Danach war Gilruth in beratender Funktion im NASA-Hauptquartier in Washington tätig, bis er 1973 in den Ruhestand ging. 1974 wurde er in die National Academy of Sciences gewählt. (de) Robert Rowe Gilruth (18 de octubre de 1913 - 17 de agosto de 2000) fue un ingeniero aeroespacial y pionero de la exploración espacial estadounidense. Desde el principio de su carrera, estuvo involucrado con las primeras investigaciones sobre el vuelo supersónico y las naves propulsadas por cohete. Más tarde, trabajó en el programa espacial, incluyendo el programa Mercury, el Gemini y el Apolo. Trabajó para la National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics desde 1937 a 1958 y en su agencia sucesora, la NASA hasta que se retiró en 1973. Gilruth nació en Nashwauk, Minnesota, en los Estados Unidos de América. Asistió al instituto en Duluth, Minnesota. Recibió su grado en bachillerato de ingeniería aeronáutica en la Universidad de Minnesota y posteriormente el Máster en 1936. El informe de la NACA R755, Requirements for Satisfactory Flying Qualities of an Airplane o Requisitos para satisfactorias Cualidades de Vuelo de un Aeroplano, Gilruth definió un conjunto de requisitos para las características de manejo de los aviones. Hasta entonces, no había ninguna referencia para pilotos o fabricantes de ese estilo. Cuando se creó la NASA, Gilruth fue jefe del Space Task Group, cuyo objetivo era poner a un hombre en el espacio antes que la Unión Soviética. Cuando la Unión Soviética puso a Yuri Gagarin en el espacio, Gilruth sugirió al presidente de los EE.UU de entonces, John F. Kennedy que los Estados Unidos podrían anunciar un reto mayor, como por ejemplo, ir a la luna. Pronto, nacería el Programa Apolo, y Gilruth fue nombrado presidente del centro de la NASA que llevaría a cabo esta tarea, el nuevo Manned Spacecraft Center o MSC -ahora llamado Johnson Space Center. Gilruth sirvió como director del MSC hasta 1972 y supervisó un total de 25 vuelos espaciales, desde el Mercury Redstone 3 hasta el Apolo 15 En la película para televisión de 1996 Apollo 11, el personaje de Gilruth fue escenificado por William Mesnik. Más tarde, en la serie de la HBO "De la Tierra a la Luna", el actor que le dio vida fue John Carroll Lynch. (es) Robert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States human spaceflight program, including the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs. (en) Robert Rowe Gilruth (8 octobre 1913 à Nashwauk, Minnesota, États-Unis - 17 août 2000 à Charlottesville, Virginie, États-Unis) est un pionnier américain de l'aéronautique et de l'astronautique. Il a travaillé essentiellement pour le National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) puis la National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). (fr) Robert Rowe Gilruth (Nashwauk, 8 ottobre 1913 – Charlottesville, 17 agosto 2000) è stato un ingegnere aeronautico statunitense, pioniere nell'ingegneria aerospaziale, primo direttore del Manned Spacecraft Center della NASA, successivamente rinominato Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. Ha lavorato per la National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) dal 1937 al 1958 e poi per la NASA fino al suo pensionamento nel 1973. Ha preso parte alle prime ricerche sui voli supersonici e sugli aerorazzi, e poi nel programma spaziale statunitense con equipaggio umano, dirigendo 25 voli spaziali inclusi nei programmi Mercury, Gemini e Apollo. (it) Robert Rowe Gilruth (Nashwauk, 8 de outubro de 1913 - Charlottesville, 17 de agosto de 2000) foi um engenheiro aeroespacial norte-americano e um pioneiro da aviação / espaço que foi o primeiro diretor da Manned Spacecraft Centro da NASA, mais tarde rebatizado de Johnson Space Center. Ele trabalhou para o National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) de 1937 a 1958 e sua sucessora NASA, até sua aposentadoria em 1973. Ele esteve envolvido com as primeiras pesquisas em vôo supersônico e aeronaves movidas a foguete, e depois com o programa de espacial tripulado dos Estados Unidos, incluindo os programas Mercury, Gemini e Apollo. (pt)
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rdfs:comment Robert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States human spaceflight program, including the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs. (en) Robert Rowe Gilruth (8 octobre 1913 à Nashwauk, Minnesota, États-Unis - 17 août 2000 à Charlottesville, Virginie, États-Unis) est un pionnier américain de l'aéronautique et de l'astronautique. Il a travaillé essentiellement pour le National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) puis la National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). (fr) Robert Rowe Gilruth (18 de octubre de 1913 - 17 de agosto de 2000) fue un ingeniero aeroespacial y pionero de la exploración espacial estadounidense. Desde el principio de su carrera, estuvo involucrado con las primeras investigaciones sobre el vuelo supersónico y las naves propulsadas por cohete. Más tarde, trabajó en el programa espacial, incluyendo el programa Mercury, el Gemini y el Apolo. Trabajó para la National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics desde 1937 a 1958 y en su agencia sucesora, la NASA hasta que se retiró en 1973. (es) Robert Rowe Gilruth (* 8. Oktober 1913 in Nashwauk, Minnesota, USA; † 17. August 2000 in Charlottesville, Virginia, USA) war ein amerikanischer Luft- und Raumfahrtpionier. Er war zwischen 1961 und 1972 der erste Direktor des Johnson Space Centers der NASA. Gilruth besuchte die High School in Duluth (Minnesota) und studierte Luftfahrttechnik an der University of Minnesota. 1935 erwarb er den Bachelor-Grad und im Jahr darauf einen Master. Von 1937 bis 1958 arbeitete er für das National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) und anschließend für dessen Nachfolger, die US-Raumfahrtbehörde NASA. (de) Robert Rowe Gilruth (Nashwauk, 8 ottobre 1913 – Charlottesville, 17 agosto 2000) è stato un ingegnere aeronautico statunitense, pioniere nell'ingegneria aerospaziale, primo direttore del Manned Spacecraft Center della NASA, successivamente rinominato Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. (it) Robert Rowe Gilruth (Nashwauk, 8 de outubro de 1913 - Charlottesville, 17 de agosto de 2000) foi um engenheiro aeroespacial norte-americano e um pioneiro da aviação / espaço que foi o primeiro diretor da Manned Spacecraft Centro da NASA, mais tarde rebatizado de Johnson Space Center. (pt)
rdfs:label Robert Gilruth (de) Robert Gilruth (es) Robert R. Gilruth (it) Robert Gilruth (fr) Robert R. Gilruth (en) Robert Gilruth (pt)
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