National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (original) (raw)
- اللجنة الاستشارية الوطنية للملاحة الجوية (بالإنجليزية: National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) اختصارًا NACA، هي وكالة فيدرالية سابقة في الولايات المتحدة، تأسست في 3 مارس 1915، للقيام بتعزيز وإضفاء الطابع المؤسسي لبحوث الطيران والفضاء. في 1 أكتوبر 1958، تم حل الوكالة وتحويل أصولها والعاملين فيها إلى المنشأة الحديثة حينذاك الإدارة الوطنية للملاحة الجوية والفضاء (ناسا). (ar)
- National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (Comitè Consultiu Nacional d'Aeronàutica o NACA) va ser una agència federal dels EUA fundada el 3 de març de 1915 per realitzar, promoure i institucionalitzar la recerca aeronàutica. L'1 d'octubre de 1958, l'organisme va ser dissolt, i els seus actius i personal van ser transferits a la recentment creada Administració Nacional d'Aeronàutica i de l'Espai (NASA). NACA es pronuncia com lletres individuals, i no com a acrònim. (ca)
- National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) byl federální úřad Spojených států založený na podporu leteckého výzkumu. Úřad zanikl 1. října 1958 a jeho aktivity přebrala nová organizace NASA. (cs)
- Das National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) war eine US-amerikanische staatliche Organisation, die sich mit der Grundlagenforschung in der Luftfahrt beschäftigte; ein direkter Vorgänger der späteren NASA. Die Gründung erfolgte am 3. März 1915. Die Behörde sollte die Innovationen im Flugzeug- und Antriebsbau koordinieren und auf eine wissenschaftliche Grundlage stellen. Die so erlangten Erkenntnisse wurden der amerikanischen Luftfahrtindustrie zur Verfügung gestellt. Die bekanntesten Entwicklungen, die auf NACA-Forschungen zurückgehen, sind optimierte Tragflächenprofile (NACA-Profile), die Einführung des einziehbaren Fahrwerks, neue Rumpfformen für Überschallflüge, leise Strahltriebwerkstechnik und vor allem eine aerodynamische Sternmotorverkleidung (NACA-Haube). Dazu unterhielt die NACA drei nationale Laboratorien in Zusammenarbeit mit der US Air Force und der Flugzeugindustrie. Der erste Windkanal der NACA ging im Juni 1920 in Betrieb. Es handelte sich dabei um eine relativ einfache Anlage, deren Ergebnisse nicht befriedigend waren. Im März 1923 wurde der VDT (Variable Density Tunnel) in Betrieb genommen, weltweit der erste Windkanal, der mit verschiedenen Luftdichten arbeitete. Mitte der 1940er Jahre konnte der erste Hochgeschwindigkeitswindkanal im Langley Research Center in Betrieb genommen werden. Anfang der 1950er Jahre wurde dieser zum ersten Überschallwindkanal ausgebaut. In den Nachkriegsjahren beobachtete die NACA mit Interesse die Experimente mit Raketenmotoren auf Wallops Island, Virginia. Dies geschah aber nur hinsichtlich der Möglichkeit, diese in Flugzeuge und Kampfgeschosse zum Durchbrechen der Schallmauer einzubauen. Ebenso wurden die V2-Teststarts in White Sands, New Mexico von den „Paperclip Boys“ um Wernher von Braun begleitet. Auch deren Ergebnisse, beispielsweise der Erhitzung des Raketenkörpers, wurden nur im Zusammenhang mit dem Flugzeugbau diskutiert und ausgewertet. In der (Notfall-)Medizin verwendet man das – ursprünglich zur Beurteilung von Verletzten nach Flugzeugunfällen entwickelte – NACA-Schema zur Beurteilung des Schweregrades von Verletzungen oder Erkrankungen. Von 1947 bis 1958 war Hugh L. Dryden Direktor der NACA. Mit dem von 1958 ging die NACA in die NASA über. (de)
- El Comité Asesor Nacional para la Aeronáutica (en inglés, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, NACA) fue una agencia federal de Estados Unidos fundada el 3 de marzo de 1915 para emprender, fomentar e institutionalizar las investigaciones aeronáuticas. El 1 de octubre de 1958 se disolvió la agencia, sus recursos y personal formaron el núcleo de la recién creada NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Administración Nacional de la Aeronáutica y el Espacio). (es)
- Le National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA - traduisible par « Comité consultatif national pour l’aéronautique » en français) était l'agence fédérale américaine chargée de la recherche dans le domaine de l'aéronautique entre 1915 et 1958. L'agence spatiale américaine de la NASA a été créée en 1958 sur la base du NACA et a repris ses activités de recherche aéronautique, qui ne représentent toutefois qu'une faible fraction de son activité. (fr)
- The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) was a United States federal agency founded on March 3, 1915, to undertake, promote, and institutionalize aeronautical research. On October 1, 1958, the agency was dissolved and its assets and personnel were transferred to the newly created National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NACA is an initialism, i.e., pronounced as individual letters, rather than as a whole word (as was NASA during the early years after being established). Among other advancements, NACA research and development produced the NACA duct, a type of air intake used in modern automotive applications, the NACA cowling, and several series of NACA airfoils, which are still used in aircraft manufacturing. During World War II, NACA was described as "The Force Behind Our Air Supremacy" due to its key role in producing working superchargers for high altitude bombers, and for producing the laminar wing profiles for the North American P-51 Mustang. NACA also helped in developing the area rule that is used on all modern supersonic aircraft, and conducted the key compressibility research that enabled the Bell X-1 to break the sound barrier. (en)
- アメリカ航空諮問委員会(アメリカこうくうしもんいいんかい、National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics、NACA)は、1915年3月3日に設立されたアメリカ合衆国連邦政府の機関の1つである。航空工学の研究の請負、推進、制度化等を担う。1958年10月1日にこの組織は解体され、資産や人員は、新設されたアメリカ航空宇宙局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration、NASA)に移った。頭字語のNACAは、アクロニムの「ナカ」ではなく、アルファベットごとに区切って「エヌエーシーエー」と読む。NACAの成果は、今日の航空機にも用いられている。 (ja)
- 미국 국가항공자문위원회(영어: National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, NACA)는 1915년 3월 3일에 설립된 미국의 항공, 우주 분야 정부 부처이다. 제 2차 세계대전 당시에도 활약하였으며, 1958년 10월 1일에 해체, 미국 항공우주국(NASA)으로 인계되었다. (ko)
- Il National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) fu un'agenzia federale degli Stati Uniti d'America, fondata il 3 marzo 1915 per intraprendere, promuovere e istituzionalizzare la ricerca aeronautica. Il NACA proseguì il proprio lavoro di ricerca fino al 1º ottobre 1958, quando a seguito della persa supremazia in campo spaziale a favore dei sovietici (che nell'ottobre del 1957 lanciarono il primo satellite artificiale della storia, lo Sputnik 1), si rese necessaria una rivoluzione nel programma spaziale americano. Così, il 1º ottobre 1958 l'agenzia fu smembrata, e le infrastrutture e il personale passarono alla neo-costituita National Aeronautics and Space Administration (la NASA). Tra i principali risultati ottenuti dal NACA vi sono la presa d'aria NACA, un tipo di forma comunemente usata per le prese d'aria che genera una bassa resistenza aerodinamica, la cappottatura NACA, una particolare copertura atta a ricoprire i motori aeronautici radiali a scopi aerodinamici, e i profili alari NACA, particolari forme di profilo alare di ali di aeromobili. Nel corso della seconda guerra mondiale il NACA venne indicato come "la forza dietro la nostra supremazia aerea" (The Force Behind Our Air Supremacy) per il suo ruolo nello sviluppo di compressori adatti per i bombardieri operanti ad alte quote e per lo sviluppo di profili alari laminari per il North American P-51 Mustang. Il NACA fu anche fondamentale nella definizione della regola delle aree, usata per i moderni aerei supersonici, e condusse la ricerca di base che consentì al Bell X-1 di rompere il muro del suono. (it)
- De NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) was een Amerikaans federaal agentschap dat werd opgericht op 3 maart 1915 om aeronautisch onderzoek te doen, te promoten en te institutionaliseren. Op 1 oktober 1958 werd het opgeheven; het personeel en eigendommen vormden de kern van het net gevormde NASA. De NACA hield zich in eerste instantie vooral bezig met experimenten in windtunnels aan vleugelprofielen. Het profiel van een vleugel is essentieel voor het vlieggedrag van vliegtuigen. Zo zorgt de vleugel voor de lift van het vliegtuig, maar ook voor veel weerstand. Dit alles is bovendien afhankelijk van de hoek waaronder de lucht aanstroomt. De NACA bedacht een systeem om de vorm van verschillende profielen aan te duiden, dit wordt aangeduid met de term . (nl)
- NACA (ang. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) – amerykański komitet doradczy do spraw aeronautyki powołany 3 marca 1915 roku w celu prowadzenia, wspierania i promowania prac badawczych z dziedziny aeronautyki. Z dniem 1 października 1958 roku komitet ten został rozwiązany, a jego struktury stały się częścią nowo utworzonej NASA. (pl)
- NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) var en amerikansk myndighet som utförde aeronautisk forskning. Man utvecklade flera olika serier med vingprofiler som används än i dag. Verksamheten pågick mellan den 3 mars 1915 och den 1 oktober 1958 då forskningen fick en ny inriktning. NASA grundades den 29 juli 1958 som ett direkt svar på Sovjetunionens uppskjutning av satelliten Sputnik 1. Rymdkapplöpningen hade börjat. (sv)
- NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics; em português Comitê Nacional para Aconselhamento sobre Aeronáutica), foi a agência espacial norte-americana antecessora da NASA. (pt)
- 國家航空諮詢委員會(英語:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics,縮寫:NACA)是於1915年3月3日成立的美國聯邦政府機構,負責航空科學研究的執行、促進與制度化。由於進入太空競賽時代,美國聯邦政府於1958年10月1日將NACA解散,並將其設備、資產與人員轉移至新創立的國家航空暨太空總署(NASA)。NACA的讀音是每個字母單獨發音,而不是首字母縮略字,視為一個單字的發音方式。 NACA的名字在汽車界與航空界仍然很常見,例如汽車的進氣導管有稱為NACA duct(導管)的,或是飛機上常用的NACA翼型、NACA cowling(整流罩)等仍被用於新設計上。 (zh)
- Націона́льний консультати́вний коміте́т з повітропла́вання, НАКА (англ. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, NACA) — федеральне агентство США, яке займалось проведенням досліджень в галузі авіації і було попередником NASA (реорганізоване у 1958 році). (uk)
- Национальный консультативный комитет по воздухоплаванию (англ. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, сокр. NACA, сокр. рус. НАКА) — федеральное агентство США, занимавшееся проведением исследований в области авиации и ставшее предшественником NASA (преобразовано в 1958 году). (ru)
- https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4219/Contents.html
- http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4406/cover.html
- http://www.centennialofflight.net/essay/Evolution_of_Technology/NACA/Tech1.htm
- https://web.archive.org/web/20070928044802/http:/www.kentuckypress.com/viewbook.cfm%3FCategory_ID=1&Group=60&ID=1004
- https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp%3FNe=2&N=17&Ns=PublicationYear%7c0
- https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4103
- https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4305
- http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/airfoils/q0041.shtml
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- dbr:File:Bell_X-1_color.jpg
- dbr:File:Lt._General_James_Doolittle,_head_and_shoulders.jpg
- dbr:Edward_R._Sharp
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- The official seal of NACA, depicting the Wright Flyer and the Wright brothers' first flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina (en)
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- اللجنة الاستشارية الوطنية للملاحة الجوية (بالإنجليزية: National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) اختصارًا NACA، هي وكالة فيدرالية سابقة في الولايات المتحدة، تأسست في 3 مارس 1915، للقيام بتعزيز وإضفاء الطابع المؤسسي لبحوث الطيران والفضاء. في 1 أكتوبر 1958، تم حل الوكالة وتحويل أصولها والعاملين فيها إلى المنشأة الحديثة حينذاك الإدارة الوطنية للملاحة الجوية والفضاء (ناسا). (ar)
- National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (Comitè Consultiu Nacional d'Aeronàutica o NACA) va ser una agència federal dels EUA fundada el 3 de març de 1915 per realitzar, promoure i institucionalitzar la recerca aeronàutica. L'1 d'octubre de 1958, l'organisme va ser dissolt, i els seus actius i personal van ser transferits a la recentment creada Administració Nacional d'Aeronàutica i de l'Espai (NASA). NACA es pronuncia com lletres individuals, i no com a acrònim. (ca)
- National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) byl federální úřad Spojených států založený na podporu leteckého výzkumu. Úřad zanikl 1. října 1958 a jeho aktivity přebrala nová organizace NASA. (cs)
- El Comité Asesor Nacional para la Aeronáutica (en inglés, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, NACA) fue una agencia federal de Estados Unidos fundada el 3 de marzo de 1915 para emprender, fomentar e institutionalizar las investigaciones aeronáuticas. El 1 de octubre de 1958 se disolvió la agencia, sus recursos y personal formaron el núcleo de la recién creada NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Administración Nacional de la Aeronáutica y el Espacio). (es)
- Le National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA - traduisible par « Comité consultatif national pour l’aéronautique » en français) était l'agence fédérale américaine chargée de la recherche dans le domaine de l'aéronautique entre 1915 et 1958. L'agence spatiale américaine de la NASA a été créée en 1958 sur la base du NACA et a repris ses activités de recherche aéronautique, qui ne représentent toutefois qu'une faible fraction de son activité. (fr)
- アメリカ航空諮問委員会(アメリカこうくうしもんいいんかい、National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics、NACA)は、1915年3月3日に設立されたアメリカ合衆国連邦政府の機関の1つである。航空工学の研究の請負、推進、制度化等を担う。1958年10月1日にこの組織は解体され、資産や人員は、新設されたアメリカ航空宇宙局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration、NASA)に移った。頭字語のNACAは、アクロニムの「ナカ」ではなく、アルファベットごとに区切って「エヌエーシーエー」と読む。NACAの成果は、今日の航空機にも用いられている。 (ja)
- 미국 국가항공자문위원회(영어: National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, NACA)는 1915년 3월 3일에 설립된 미국의 항공, 우주 분야 정부 부처이다. 제 2차 세계대전 당시에도 활약하였으며, 1958년 10월 1일에 해체, 미국 항공우주국(NASA)으로 인계되었다. (ko)
- NACA (ang. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) – amerykański komitet doradczy do spraw aeronautyki powołany 3 marca 1915 roku w celu prowadzenia, wspierania i promowania prac badawczych z dziedziny aeronautyki. Z dniem 1 października 1958 roku komitet ten został rozwiązany, a jego struktury stały się częścią nowo utworzonej NASA. (pl)
- NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) var en amerikansk myndighet som utförde aeronautisk forskning. Man utvecklade flera olika serier med vingprofiler som används än i dag. Verksamheten pågick mellan den 3 mars 1915 och den 1 oktober 1958 då forskningen fick en ny inriktning. NASA grundades den 29 juli 1958 som ett direkt svar på Sovjetunionens uppskjutning av satelliten Sputnik 1. Rymdkapplöpningen hade börjat. (sv)
- NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics; em português Comitê Nacional para Aconselhamento sobre Aeronáutica), foi a agência espacial norte-americana antecessora da NASA. (pt)
- 國家航空諮詢委員會(英語:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics,縮寫:NACA)是於1915年3月3日成立的美國聯邦政府機構,負責航空科學研究的執行、促進與制度化。由於進入太空競賽時代,美國聯邦政府於1958年10月1日將NACA解散,並將其設備、資產與人員轉移至新創立的國家航空暨太空總署(NASA)。NACA的讀音是每個字母單獨發音,而不是首字母縮略字,視為一個單字的發音方式。 NACA的名字在汽車界與航空界仍然很常見,例如汽車的進氣導管有稱為NACA duct(導管)的,或是飛機上常用的NACA翼型、NACA cowling(整流罩)等仍被用於新設計上。 (zh)
- Націона́льний консультати́вний коміте́т з повітропла́вання, НАКА (англ. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, NACA) — федеральне агентство США, яке займалось проведенням досліджень в галузі авіації і було попередником NASA (реорганізоване у 1958 році). (uk)
- Национальный консультативный комитет по воздухоплаванию (англ. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, сокр. NACA, сокр. рус. НАКА) — федеральное агентство США, занимавшееся проведением исследований в области авиации и ставшее предшественником NASA (преобразовано в 1958 году). (ru)
- Das National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) war eine US-amerikanische staatliche Organisation, die sich mit der Grundlagenforschung in der Luftfahrt beschäftigte; ein direkter Vorgänger der späteren NASA. Die Gründung erfolgte am 3. März 1915. Die Behörde sollte die Innovationen im Flugzeug- und Antriebsbau koordinieren und auf eine wissenschaftliche Grundlage stellen. Die so erlangten Erkenntnisse wurden der amerikanischen Luftfahrtindustrie zur Verfügung gestellt. Von 1947 bis 1958 war Hugh L. Dryden Direktor der NACA. Mit dem von 1958 ging die NACA in die NASA über. (de)
- The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) was a United States federal agency founded on March 3, 1915, to undertake, promote, and institutionalize aeronautical research. On October 1, 1958, the agency was dissolved and its assets and personnel were transferred to the newly created National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NACA is an initialism, i.e., pronounced as individual letters, rather than as a whole word (as was NASA during the early years after being established). (en)
- Il National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) fu un'agenzia federale degli Stati Uniti d'America, fondata il 3 marzo 1915 per intraprendere, promuovere e istituzionalizzare la ricerca aeronautica. Il NACA proseguì il proprio lavoro di ricerca fino al 1º ottobre 1958, quando a seguito della persa supremazia in campo spaziale a favore dei sovietici (che nell'ottobre del 1957 lanciarono il primo satellite artificiale della storia, lo Sputnik 1), si rese necessaria una rivoluzione nel programma spaziale americano. Così, il 1º ottobre 1958 l'agenzia fu smembrata, e le infrastrutture e il personale passarono alla neo-costituita National Aeronautics and Space Administration (la NASA). (it)
- De NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) was een Amerikaans federaal agentschap dat werd opgericht op 3 maart 1915 om aeronautisch onderzoek te doen, te promoten en te institutionaliseren. Op 1 oktober 1958 werd het opgeheven; het personeel en eigendommen vormden de kern van het net gevormde NASA. (nl)
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