Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1825) (original) (raw)
Англо-русская конвенция 1825 года — конвенция между Россией и Великобританией о разграничении их владений в Северной Америке (в Британской Колумбии).
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| dbo:abstract | El Tratado de San Petersburgo de 1825, también conocido como la Convención anglo-rusa de 1825 definió las fronteras entre la América rusa y las posesiones y reclamos territoriales británicos en el Noroeste del Pacífico de América del Norte en 54 grados 40 minutos latitud norte, las cuales habían sido establecidas en el mismo paralelo como el límite de los reclamos territoriales estadounidenses sobre la misma región a través del . La esfera rusa en la región fue vendida más adelante a los Estados Unidos, convirtiéndose así en Alaska, mientras que al sur de la división se encontraba el territorio reclamado por los británicos, región que actualmente es parte de la provincia canadiense de Columbia Británica. Otras resoluciones del tratado, incluyeron el derecho de buques británicos a navegar con fines comerciales a través de la región afectada, además de a través de los ríos que cruzaban la frontera en cuestión. Este derecho fue ejercido por la Compañía de la Bahía de Hudson (CBH) en 1834, pero ésta se tuvo que enfrentar a la oposición del gobernador de la Compañía ruso-americana (CRA), Ferdinand von Wrangel, quién utilizó buques de guerra y bloqueos para intimidar a los británicos. Este conflicto, conocido como el incidente de la "Dríada", llevó a un nuevo tratado anglo-británico en 1839, en el cual la CRA prometió permitir alquilar o vender la tierra al sur del a la entrada del y la CBH prometió proveer a la América rusa con comida y bienes manufacturados. Además, la CBH abandonó sus demandas de pagos por compensaciones por daños incurridos durante el incidente de la "Dríada". Las mismas cláusulas permitieron a los británicos acceder a los campos de oro del río Stikine en 1862 pero no fueron asumidos por los estadounidenses, quienes en 1867 compraron todos los intereses rusos en América del Norte, lo que resultó en conflictos posteriores por los derechos de acceso a las regiones internas del continente por parte de los británicos. Las condiciones del tratado también influyeron en la determinación de las condiciones del y de igual manera en otras decisiones en Alaska y cortes estadounidenses sobre intereses de ese país en los mares de la región. (es) The Treaty of Saint Petersburg of 1825 or the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1825, officially the Convention Concerning the Limits of Their Respective Possessions on the Northwest Coast of America and the Navigation of the Pacific Ocean, defined the boundaries between Russian America and British claims and possessions of the Pacific Coast, and the later Yukon and Arctic regions of North America. It was agreed that along the coast at the southern tip of Prince of Wales island (now known as parallel 54°40′ north) northward to the 56 parallel, with the island wholly belonging to Russia, then to 10 marine leagues (56 km) inland going north and west to the 141st meridian west and then north to the "Frozen Ocean", the current Alaska/Canadian Yukon boundary, would be the boundary. The coastal limit had, the year before, been established as the limit of overlapping American claims in the parallel Russo-American Treaty of 1824. The Russian sphere in the region was later sold to the United States, eventually becoming the State of Alaska, while the British claim, along the coast to the south of parallel 54°40′ is now the coast of the Canadian province of British Columbia, and for inland regions it defined the western limit of what became the modern day Canadian territory of Yukon. It also defined associated rights and obligations concerning waters and ports in the region. The treaty, in establishing a vague division of coastal Russian interests and inland British interests between 56 and 60 degrees north latitude, led to conflicting interpretations of the meaning of the treaty's wording which later manifested in the Alaska Boundary Dispute between the United States on the one hand, and Canada (with Britain acting, in foreign affairs, on behalf of Canada) on the other. Other terms of the treaty, including the right to navigation by British vessels to both commerce in the region affected, and also access to rivers crossing the designated coastal boundary, were exercised by the Hudson's Bay Company in 1834 but were met with opposition by then Russian-American Company Governor Wrangel in the form of warships and a blockade. This conflict, known as the Dryad affair, led to the RAC-HBC Agreement, in which the RAC agreed to lease the mainland coastal portion of the region south of Cape Spencer at the entrance to Cross Sound and the HBC promised to supply Russian America settlements with foodstuffs and manufactured goods. In addition the HBC waived its demand for payments for damages incurred during the Dryad affair. The same clauses enabled British access to the Stikine River goldfields in 1862 but were not assumed by the Americans upon their purchase of Russian interests in 1867, resulting in further conflict over British rights of access to the inland regions. The treaty's terms pertaining to the Arctic Ocean (referred to as the "Frozen Ocean" in the treaty) also played a part in the terms of the Bering Sea Arbitration and other decisions in Alaskan/US courts over marine and offshore interests. (en) Англо-русская конвенция 1825 года — конвенция между Россией и Великобританией о разграничении их владений в Северной Америке (в Британской Колумбии). (ru) |
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| dbp:dateSigned | 1825-02-28 (xsd:date) |
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| dbp:longName | Convention Concerning the Limits of Their Respective Possessions on the Northwest Coast of America and the Navigation of the Pacific Ocean (en) |
| dbp:name | Treaty of Saint Petersburg (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Англо-русская конвенция 1825 года — конвенция между Россией и Великобританией о разграничении их владений в Северной Америке (в Британской Колумбии). (ru) El Tratado de San Petersburgo de 1825, también conocido como la Convención anglo-rusa de 1825 definió las fronteras entre la América rusa y las posesiones y reclamos territoriales británicos en el Noroeste del Pacífico de América del Norte en 54 grados 40 minutos latitud norte, las cuales habían sido establecidas en el mismo paralelo como el límite de los reclamos territoriales estadounidenses sobre la misma región a través del . La esfera rusa en la región fue vendida más adelante a los Estados Unidos, convirtiéndose así en Alaska, mientras que al sur de la división se encontraba el territorio reclamado por los británicos, región que actualmente es parte de la provincia canadiense de Columbia Británica. (es) The Treaty of Saint Petersburg of 1825 or the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1825, officially the Convention Concerning the Limits of Their Respective Possessions on the Northwest Coast of America and the Navigation of the Pacific Ocean, defined the boundaries between Russian America and British claims and possessions of the Pacific Coast, and the later Yukon and Arctic regions of North America. It was agreed that along the coast at the southern tip of Prince of Wales island (now known as parallel 54°40′ north) northward to the 56 parallel, with the island wholly belonging to Russia, then to 10 marine leagues (56 km) inland going north and west to the 141st meridian west and then north to the "Frozen Ocean", the current Alaska/Canadian Yukon boundary, would be the boundary. The coastal limit (en) |
| rdfs:label | Tratado de San Petersburgo (1825) (es) Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1825) (en) Англо-русская конвенция (1825) (ru) |
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