SC convoys (original) (raw)
Les convois SC sont une série de convois passant dans l'Atlantique nord, pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Ces convois ont lieu lors de la bataille de l'Atlantique. Ils partent tous de Sydney en Nouvelle-Écosse au Canada à destination de Liverpool d'où ils peuvent poursuivre vers différents ports du Royaume-Uni.
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| dbo:abstract | The SC convoys were a series of North Atlantic convoys that ran during the battle of the Atlantic during World War II. They were east-bound slow convoys originating in Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada (designated as Sydney, Cape Breton by the Allied navies to avoid confusion with Sydney, New South Wales); from there they sailed to ports in the UK, mainly Liverpool. The Royal Canadian Navy base responsible for the Sydney operations was HMCS Protector. The first convoy, SC 1, departed Sydney Harbour on 15 August 1940. For a time after the entry of the United States into the war the point of origin was switched to New York, but congestion problems there resulted in a further move, this time to Halifax, Nova Scotia. However, the SC designation was retained throughout. SC convoys ran from August 1940 until May 1945, although they were suspended during the summer of 1944 when a number of escort groups were diverted to cover the Normandy landings. During this period all east-bound traffic sailed in the HX series, which ran as Fast or Slow convoys, and whose sizes were effectively doubled. A total of 177 SC convoys ran during the campaign, totalling 6,806 ships. Only 3 failed to complete the passage: SC 52 suffered an attack shortly after leaving port, and was forced to return; and SC 62 and SC 63 were both scattered by appalling weather conditions which forced those ships to proceed independently. Of these formations, 29 (around 20%) were attacked; they saw the loss of 145 ships ( though this number does not include stragglers, perhaps the same number again) and a further 18 lost in marine accidents (perhaps 340 in total; around 5%). As these were slow convoys, composed of ships making 8 knots or less, they were correspondingly more vulnerable, and witnessed a disproportionate number of attacks. The SC convoys were the subject of some of the major battles of the campaign. Of the 40 convoys which lost 6 or more ships, 11 of them were SC series. Some notable SC convoy battles were: * SC 7. Attacked in October 1940, 20 ships were sunk in the worst day's shipping losses of the entire campaign. * SC 42. Two U-boats were sunk by reinforcements coming to the aid of the weak Canadian escort for this September 1941 convoy. 14 ships lost in 3 days. * SC 48. One of eight U-boats were damaged two warships were sunk one damaged and nine ships were sunk during 14–18 October 1941 convoy. 14 ships lost in 3 days. * SC 94 in August 1942 marked the beginning of the climactic North Atlantic convoy battles following the 2nd Happy Time off the American east coast. * SC 104 lost seven ships while Escort Group B6 sank two U-boats in October 1942. * SC 107 lost 15 ships in November 1942 including five torpedoed by Kapitänleutnant Siegfried von Forstner's U-402. * SC 118. Attacked in February 1943. Kapitänleutnant Siegfried Freiherr von Forstner was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross when his U-402 torpedoed seven ships including Henry R. Mallory transporting American troops to Iceland. * SC 121. Attacked in March 1943 after being scattered by a Force 10 gale. Only 76 of the 275 crewmen of the sunken ships were rescued. * SC 122. Attacked in March 1943, this action, which converged with that around HX 229, was the largest convoy battle of the Atlantic campaign. * SC 130. Attacked in May 1943, this convoy was successfully defended, seeing the destruction of 5 U-boats and the death of Admiral Karl Dönitz's son Peter Dönitz without losing any ships. This action culminated the period known as Black May, which saw the withdrawal from the North Atlantic by the German navy. (en) Les convois SC sont une série de convois passant dans l'Atlantique nord, pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Ces convois ont lieu lors de la bataille de l'Atlantique. Ils partent tous de Sydney en Nouvelle-Écosse au Canada à destination de Liverpool d'où ils peuvent poursuivre vers différents ports du Royaume-Uni. (fr) SC船団とは、第二次世界大戦中に北大西洋で運航された連合国側の護送船団である。 SC船団は、ケープ・ブレトン島のシドニーからイギリスの港、主にリヴァプールへ向かう、東行きの低速船団であった。アメリカ合衆国の参戦後は船団の出発地はニューヨークに変更された。しかし、それも船舶の渋滞のために変更となり、次はノバスコシア州のハリファックスになった。出発地が変わっても名称はSCのままであった。 SC船団は1939年9月から1945年5月までの間運航された。ただし1944年の夏は多くの護衛艦艇がノルマンディー上陸作戦に投入されたため、この期間は東行きの船団はすべてとして運航され、船団の規模は倍となった。 戦争中に177のSC船団が運航された。船の総数は合計6,806隻であった。3つの船団が航海を完了できなかった。SC52船団は出発後すぐに攻撃を受け引き返さざるを得なくなった。SC62船団とSC63船団は悪天候のためばらばらになってしまい、船団の船は単独で航行することとなった。 29の船団が攻撃され、145隻が失われた（ただし、これには船団からはぐれた船は含まれていない）。事故でさらに18隻が失われた。 SC船団は速力8ノット以下の船で構成された低速の船団のため、攻撃を受けやすかった。6隻以上の船が失われた40の船団のうち、11がSC船団であった。 (ja) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=R2VUEea282QC&q=Guardian+of+the+Gulf+:+Sydney,+Cape+Breton,+and+the+Atlantic+wars&pg=PP1 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=xHOwAAAAIAAJ&q=HMSC+Protector |
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| rdfs:comment | Les convois SC sont une série de convois passant dans l'Atlantique nord, pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Ces convois ont lieu lors de la bataille de l'Atlantique. Ils partent tous de Sydney en Nouvelle-Écosse au Canada à destination de Liverpool d'où ils peuvent poursuivre vers différents ports du Royaume-Uni. (fr) SC船団とは、第二次世界大戦中に北大西洋で運航された連合国側の護送船団である。 SC船団は、ケープ・ブレトン島のシドニーからイギリスの港、主にリヴァプールへ向かう、東行きの低速船団であった。アメリカ合衆国の参戦後は船団の出発地はニューヨークに変更された。しかし、それも船舶の渋滞のために変更となり、次はノバスコシア州のハリファックスになった。出発地が変わっても名称はSCのままであった。 SC船団は1939年9月から1945年5月までの間運航された。ただし1944年の夏は多くの護衛艦艇がノルマンディー上陸作戦に投入されたため、この期間は東行きの船団はすべてとして運航され、船団の規模は倍となった。 戦争中に177のSC船団が運航された。船の総数は合計6,806隻であった。3つの船団が航海を完了できなかった。SC52船団は出発後すぐに攻撃を受け引き返さざるを得なくなった。SC62船団とSC63船団は悪天候のためばらばらになってしまい、船団の船は単独で航行することとなった。 29の船団が攻撃され、145隻が失われた（ただし、これには船団からはぐれた船は含まれていない）。事故でさらに18隻が失われた。 SC船団は速力8ノット以下の船で構成された低速の船団のため、攻撃を受けやすかった。6隻以上の船が失われた40の船団のうち、11がSC船団であった。 (ja) The SC convoys were a series of North Atlantic convoys that ran during the battle of the Atlantic during World War II. They were east-bound slow convoys originating in Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada (designated as Sydney, Cape Breton by the Allied navies to avoid confusion with Sydney, New South Wales); from there they sailed to ports in the UK, mainly Liverpool. The Royal Canadian Navy base responsible for the Sydney operations was HMCS Protector. The first convoy, SC 1, departed Sydney Harbour on 15 August 1940. Some notable SC convoy battles were: (en) |
| rdfs:label | Convois SC (fr) SC船団 (ja) SC convoys (en) |
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