Shell Crisis of 1915 (original) (raw)
Die Munitionskrise von 1915, auch Munitionskrise vom Frühjahr 1915, (englisch Shell Crisis) war der Mangel von Artilleriegeschossen an der Westfront des Ersten Weltkrieges auf Seiten der British Expeditionary Force. Der durch Planungsfehler in Friedenszeiten verursachte Mangel trug wesentlich zum Misserfolg der ersten britischen Offensive in der Schlacht von Neuve-Chapelle im März 1915 bei. Nachdem dies durch die britischen Tageszeitungen The Times und Daily Mail der Öffentlichkeit im Vereinigten Königreich bekannt gemacht wurde, kam es zur Auflösung der Ersten Regierung unter Herbert Henry Asquith und Bildung der Zweiten Regierung Asquith mit einem neugegründeten Ministry of Munitions am 25. Mai 1915. Um die Rahmenbedingungen der Munitionsproduktion mit dem Ziel einer Maximierung derselbe
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| dbo:abstract | Die Munitionskrise von 1915, auch Munitionskrise vom Frühjahr 1915, (englisch Shell Crisis) war der Mangel von Artilleriegeschossen an der Westfront des Ersten Weltkrieges auf Seiten der British Expeditionary Force. Der durch Planungsfehler in Friedenszeiten verursachte Mangel trug wesentlich zum Misserfolg der ersten britischen Offensive in der Schlacht von Neuve-Chapelle im März 1915 bei. Nachdem dies durch die britischen Tageszeitungen The Times und Daily Mail der Öffentlichkeit im Vereinigten Königreich bekannt gemacht wurde, kam es zur Auflösung der Ersten Regierung unter Herbert Henry Asquith und Bildung der Zweiten Regierung Asquith mit einem neugegründeten Ministry of Munitions am 25. Mai 1915. Um die Rahmenbedingungen der Munitionsproduktion mit dem Ziel einer Maximierung derselben zu verbessern, wurde der Munitions of War Act am 2. Juli 1915 vom britischen Parlament verabschiedet. (de) La crise des obus de 1915 correspond à une période de manque de munitions, induit par la combinaison d'un important changement de tactique et de matériels de guerre. En dépit de son nom, elle ne concerne pas seulement les obus, mais tout l'approvisionnement des armées alliées en armes et munitions. En réponse à cette situation, plusieurs pays créent un ministère spécial, aux pouvoirs renforcés. Au Royaume-Uni, cette crise fait tomber le gouvernement libéral de Herbert Henry Asquith, remplacé par un gouvernement de coalition en mai 1915. La crise des obus de 1915, et plus généralement la guerre de 1914-1918, marquent le début d'une course aux armements, qualitative et quantitative, consommatrice d'une grande quantité de ressources. (fr) The Shell Crisis of 1915 was a shortage of artillery shells on the front lines in the First World War that led to a political crisis in the United Kingdom. Previous military experience led to an over-reliance on shrapnel to attack infantry in the open, which was negated by the resort to trench warfare, for which high-explosive shells were better suited. At the start of the war there was a revolution in doctrine: instead of the idea that artillery was a useful support for infantry attacks, the new doctrine held that heavy guns alone would control the battlefield. Because of the stable lines on the Western Front, it was easy to build railway lines that delivered all the shells the factories could produce. The 'shell scandal' emerged in 1915 because the high rate of fire over a long period was not anticipated and the stock of shells became depleted. The inciting incident was the disastrous Battle of Aubers, which reportedly had been stymied by a lack of shells. The shortage was widely publicised in the press. The Times, in cooperation with David Lloyd George and Lord Northcliffe, sought to force Parliament to adopt a national munitions policy with centralised control. This resulted in a transfer of the Munitions Department from the War Office to a cabinet level position in government, and a coalition government with Lloyd George as Minister of Munitions. In 1916 the long-term effects included the fall of the Prime Minister H. H. Asquith and his replacement by Lloyd George in December 1916. (en) Снарядный кризис (англ. Shell Crisis) — политический кризис 1915 года в Великобритании, вызванный непредвиденным сокращением запасов артиллерийских снарядов на фронтах Первой мировой войны, что было воспринято общественностью как неудовлетворительная работа военной промышленности страны, неспособной обеспечить британскую армию достаточным запасом боеприпасов, и повлекло за собой падение уровня доверия правительству. Развитие кризиса совпало по времени с неудачным началом Галлиполийской кампании и стало одной из главных причин отставки правительства. Не желая идти на досрочные выборы, премьер-министр Герберт Асквит был вынужден дать согласие на формирование коалиционного правительства, состоящего из представителей его собственной Либеральной партии и консерваторов. (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | Die Munitionskrise von 1915, auch Munitionskrise vom Frühjahr 1915, (englisch Shell Crisis) war der Mangel von Artilleriegeschossen an der Westfront des Ersten Weltkrieges auf Seiten der British Expeditionary Force. Der durch Planungsfehler in Friedenszeiten verursachte Mangel trug wesentlich zum Misserfolg der ersten britischen Offensive in der Schlacht von Neuve-Chapelle im März 1915 bei. Nachdem dies durch die britischen Tageszeitungen The Times und Daily Mail der Öffentlichkeit im Vereinigten Königreich bekannt gemacht wurde, kam es zur Auflösung der Ersten Regierung unter Herbert Henry Asquith und Bildung der Zweiten Regierung Asquith mit einem neugegründeten Ministry of Munitions am 25. Mai 1915. Um die Rahmenbedingungen der Munitionsproduktion mit dem Ziel einer Maximierung derselbe (de) La crise des obus de 1915 correspond à une période de manque de munitions, induit par la combinaison d'un important changement de tactique et de matériels de guerre. En dépit de son nom, elle ne concerne pas seulement les obus, mais tout l'approvisionnement des armées alliées en armes et munitions. En réponse à cette situation, plusieurs pays créent un ministère spécial, aux pouvoirs renforcés. Au Royaume-Uni, cette crise fait tomber le gouvernement libéral de Herbert Henry Asquith, remplacé par un gouvernement de coalition en mai 1915. (fr) The Shell Crisis of 1915 was a shortage of artillery shells on the front lines in the First World War that led to a political crisis in the United Kingdom. Previous military experience led to an over-reliance on shrapnel to attack infantry in the open, which was negated by the resort to trench warfare, for which high-explosive shells were better suited. At the start of the war there was a revolution in doctrine: instead of the idea that artillery was a useful support for infantry attacks, the new doctrine held that heavy guns alone would control the battlefield. Because of the stable lines on the Western Front, it was easy to build railway lines that delivered all the shells the factories could produce. The 'shell scandal' emerged in 1915 because the high rate of fire over a long period wa (en) Снарядный кризис (англ. Shell Crisis) — политический кризис 1915 года в Великобритании, вызванный непредвиденным сокращением запасов артиллерийских снарядов на фронтах Первой мировой войны, что было воспринято общественностью как неудовлетворительная работа военной промышленности страны, неспособной обеспечить британскую армию достаточным запасом боеприпасов, и повлекло за собой падение уровня доверия правительству. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Munitionskrise von 1915 (de) Crise des obus de 1915 (fr) Shell Crisis of 1915 (en) Снарядный кризис 1915 года (ru) 1915年弹药危机 (zh) |
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