Short-sea shipping (original) (raw)
Unter Short sea shipping (Kurzstreckenseeverkehr; ehemals als Küstenhandel bezeichnet), versteht man den Güterverkehr auf See, der noch im Bereich desselben Kontinents stattfindet. Als Beispiel sei eine Fracht von Calais (Frankreich) nach Dover (Großbritannien) genannt, während Deep sea shipping (Hochseeschifffahrt) sich mit der Beförderung der Güter über Ozeane beschäftigt, etwa von Rotterdam (Niederlande) nach New York (USA).
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| dbo:abstract | Unter Short sea shipping (Kurzstreckenseeverkehr; ehemals als Küstenhandel bezeichnet), versteht man den Güterverkehr auf See, der noch im Bereich desselben Kontinents stattfindet. Als Beispiel sei eine Fracht von Calais (Frankreich) nach Dover (Großbritannien) genannt, während Deep sea shipping (Hochseeschifffahrt) sich mit der Beförderung der Güter über Ozeane beschäftigt, etwa von Rotterdam (Niederlande) nach New York (USA). (de) The modern terms short-sea shipping (sometimes unhyphenated), marine highway, and motorways of the sea, and the more historical terms coastal trade, coastal shipping, coasting trade, and coastwise trade, all encompass the movement of cargo and passengers mainly by sea along a coast, without crossing an ocean. Short-sea shipping (or a translation thereof) is the term used by the European Commission and commonly throughout the Europe Union. Many English-speaking countries have used the British terms coasting trade and coastwise trade. The United States maintained these term from its colonial era, including for domestic slave trade that shipped slaves by water from the Upper South to major markets, especially New Orleans. The US and began regulating general coasting trade as early as 1793, with "An act for enrolling and licensing ships and vessels to be employed in the coasting trade and fisheries, and for regulating the same", which passed Congress on 18 February that year. Over the years, it has been codified as Title 46 of the United States Code, Chapter 551 (46 USC Ch. 551), "Coastwise Trade". Some short-sea ship vessels are small enough to travel inland on inland waterways. Short-sea shipping includes the movements of wet and dry bulk cargoes, containers and passengers around the coast (say from Lisbon to Rotterdam or from New Orleans to Philadelphia). Typical ship sizes range from 1,000 DWT (tonnes deadweight – i.e., the amount of cargo they carry) to 15,000 DWT with drafts ranging from around 3 to 6 m (10 to 20 ft). Typical (and mostly bulk) cargoes include grain, fertilisers, steel, coal, salt, stone, scrap, minerals, and oil products (such as diesel oil, kerosene, and aviation fuel), containers, and passengers. In Europe, short-sea shipping is at the forefront of the European Union's transportation policy. It currently accounts for roughly 40% of all freight moved in Europe. In the US, short-sea shipping has yet to be used to the extent it is in Europe, but there is some development. The main advantages promoted for this type of shipping are alleviation of congestion, decrease of air pollution, and overall cost savings to the shipper and a government. Shipping goods by ship (one 4,000 DWT vessel is equivalent to between 100–200 trucks) is far more efficient and cost-effective than road transport (though the goods, if bound inland, have to be transferred and delivered by truck) and is much less prone to theft and damage. Roughly 40% of all freight moved in Europe is classified as short-sea shipping, but the greater percentage of this cargo moves through Europe’s heartland on rivers and not oceans. In the past decade, the term short-sea shipping has evolved in a broader sense to include point-to-point cargo movements on inland waterways as well as inland to ocean ports for shipment over oceans. The contrasting terms deep-sea shipping, intercontinental shipping, and ocean shipping refer to maritime traffic that crosses oceans. Short-sea shipping is also distinct from inland navigation, e.g. between two cities along a river. (en) Le transport maritime à courte distance ou TMCD, aussi appelé short sea shipping (SSS) en anglais : short sea shipping ou cabotage maritime est le transport maritime de fret et de passagers en Europe géographique, au Proche et Moyen-Orient ainsi qu’en Afrique du Nord. (fr) Short sea shipping omvat het vervoer te water van goederen of passagiers over een traject dat ten minste voor een deel uit zee of oceaan bestaat, maar waarbij de oceaan niet wordt gekruist. Het gebied waarbinnen Short sea shipping zich afspeelt, is uitgebreid en gaat van de Baltische landen, over Scandinavië en IJsland, via het Verenigd Koninkrijk en West-Europa, naar het Iberisch Schiereiland en de gehele Middellandse Zee (inclusief Noord-Afrika en de Zwarte Zee). Het betreft dus een nieuwe dynamische naam voor de vroegere 'kustvaart', verbonden aan een bovendien veel groter territorium. Dit soort vervoer wordt ook gepromoot door de Europese Unie ten nadele van het vervoer over weg en de trein. De onderlinge concurrentie maakt dat het concurrerende prijzen kan aanbieden. Short sea shipping kan ook gebeuren in eigen land tussen verschillende havens, dit is bijvoorbeeld het geval in Groot-Brittannië, Italië en Noorwegen. (nl) |
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| rdfs:comment | Unter Short sea shipping (Kurzstreckenseeverkehr; ehemals als Küstenhandel bezeichnet), versteht man den Güterverkehr auf See, der noch im Bereich desselben Kontinents stattfindet. Als Beispiel sei eine Fracht von Calais (Frankreich) nach Dover (Großbritannien) genannt, während Deep sea shipping (Hochseeschifffahrt) sich mit der Beförderung der Güter über Ozeane beschäftigt, etwa von Rotterdam (Niederlande) nach New York (USA). (de) Le transport maritime à courte distance ou TMCD, aussi appelé short sea shipping (SSS) en anglais : short sea shipping ou cabotage maritime est le transport maritime de fret et de passagers en Europe géographique, au Proche et Moyen-Orient ainsi qu’en Afrique du Nord. (fr) The modern terms short-sea shipping (sometimes unhyphenated), marine highway, and motorways of the sea, and the more historical terms coastal trade, coastal shipping, coasting trade, and coastwise trade, all encompass the movement of cargo and passengers mainly by sea along a coast, without crossing an ocean. Short-sea shipping (or a translation thereof) is the term used by the European Commission and commonly throughout the Europe Union. Many English-speaking countries have used the British terms coasting trade and coastwise trade. (en) Short sea shipping omvat het vervoer te water van goederen of passagiers over een traject dat ten minste voor een deel uit zee of oceaan bestaat, maar waarbij de oceaan niet wordt gekruist. Het gebied waarbinnen Short sea shipping zich afspeelt, is uitgebreid en gaat van de Baltische landen, over Scandinavië en IJsland, via het Verenigd Koninkrijk en West-Europa, naar het Iberisch Schiereiland en de gehele Middellandse Zee (inclusief Noord-Afrika en de Zwarte Zee). (nl) |
| rdfs:label | Küstenhandel (de) Transport maritime à courte distance (fr) Short sea shipping (nl) Short-sea shipping (en) |
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