Song Hun (original) (raw)
宋 混（そう こん、? - 361年）は、五胡十六国時代前涼の人物。字は玄一。敦煌郡の出身。
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| dbo:abstract | Song Hun (Chinese: 宋混) (died 361), courtesy name Xuanyi (Chinese: 玄一), was a regent of the Chinese Former Liang dynasty. During the reign of the violent and capricious Zhang Zuo, Song Hun served as a general, even though he constantly feared Zhang Zuo, because his older brother Song Xiu (宋修) had previously had a conflict with Zhang Zuo. In 355, when Zhang Guan rose against Zhang Zuo, Song started an uprising of his own against Zhang Zuo as well, and quickly arrived at the capital Guzang (姑臧, in modern Wuwei, Gansu). Zhang Guan's brother Zhang Ju (張琚) and son Zhang Song (張嵩) then started an uprising inside the city and opened the gates to welcome Song's forces in. Zhang Zuo's own troops turned on him and killed him. Song and Zhang Ju jointly declared Zhang Zuo's nephew, Zhang Xuanjing (whose older brother Zhang Yaoling was the legitimate ruler before Zhang Zuo seized the throne from him and killed him), the Duke of Xiping, a Jin-created title that his ancestors had carried for generations. When Zhang Guan subsequently arrived, Zhang Guan became regent, and Song was a key assistant. Zhang Guan overruled Song's decision and had Zhang Xuanjing claim a title that Jin had never conferred—Prince of Liang. Zhang Guan's regency was a dictatorial one, and he suspected people of conspiring against him. He was particularly suspicious of Song, since Song was loyal to the state institutions, and Zhang Guan wanted to eventually take over as ruler himself. In 359, he therefore planned to kill Song Hun and his brother Song Cheng (宋澄). Song Hun heard this and started an uprising, declaring that Zhang Guan had committed treason and that he had authorization from Zhang Xuanjing's grandmother Princess Dowager Ma to kill him. Their forces battled inside the city, but Song Hun's forces prevailed, and Zhang Guan and Zhang Ju committed suicide. He slaughtered their clan. Song Hun was considered an able and tolerant regent—even, for example, commissioning one of Zhang Guan's bodyguards, Xuan Lu (玄臚), who had, during the battle, tried to kill him with a spear but failed and was captured, as a trusted officer. Under his decision, Zhang Xuanjing relinquished the title Prince of Liang and again claimed the Jin-created title Duke of Xiping. Song himself was created the Marquess of Jiuquan. In 361, Song Hun grew ill, and Zhang Xuanjing and Princess Dowager Ma visited him personally, asking whether his son Song Linzong (宋林宗) should succeed him if he died. Song Hun noted that Song Linzong was young and weak in personality, and that Song Cheng might be an appropriate choice—but also warned that Song Cheng's reaction was slow and needed to be watched closely. Song Hun warned Song Cheng and his own sons that they needed to be humble and faithful to the state, and he told many officials the same. He soon died, and it was described that the commoners on the street were all mournful and weeping. Song Cheng became regent, but just several months later, the general Zhang Yong (張邕), who was unhappy that Song Cheng became regent, overthrew Song Cheng and slaughtered the Song clan. Zhang Yong and Zhang Xuanjing's uncle Zhang Tianxi served as coregents, and soon Zhang Tianxi killed Zhang Yong (claiming, inter alia, to be avenging the Songs), but eventually overthrew Zhang Xuanjing himself in 363 and took the throne. (en) 宋 混（そう こん、? - 361年）は、五胡十六国時代前涼の人物。字は玄一。敦煌郡の出身。 (ja) 宋混（？－361年），字玄一，敦煌郡（今甘肃敦煌西南）人，十六国前凉大臣。 自宋配后，宋氏世为前凉大族。宋混性情耿直，仕于张重华为骁骑将军。353年，张重华去世。张祚废黜张重华的儿子张曜灵篡立，暴虐无道，上下怨愤。祚恶张瓘。宋混的哥哥宋修和张祚有矛盾，宋混害怕张祚加祸于己。河州刺史张瓘起兵反，355年八月，宋混和他的弟弟宋澄向西逃走，聚集了数万人响应张瓘，掉头开向姑臧。张祚派杨秋胡把张曜灵带到东苑斩杀，尸体埋在沙坑当中，宋混的部队驻扎在武始的大湖边，哀悼张曜灵。闰六月，宋混的部队抵达姑臧，张瓘的弟弟张琚及儿子张嵩打开西城门让宋混的军队进城。他们立张重华之子七岁的凉武侯张玄靓为国主。张祚被士兵杀掉，宋混等人砍下了他的首级示众。宋混等人把张祚以普通百姓的规格埋葬，并且杀了他的两个儿子。宋混、张琚上书东晋朝廷请立张玄靓为大将军、凉州牧、西平公，在境内实行大赦，纪年恢复为建兴四十三年。张瓘抵达姑臧，推戴张玄靓为凉王，任命宋混为尚书仆射。 359年，凉州牧张瓘专执朝政，猜忌苛虐，忌混忠直。辅国将军宋混，生性忠诚耿直，张瓘害怕他，想杀掉宋混以及他的弟弟宋澄，乘势将凉王张玄靓废黜，取而代之。张征兵数万人，集结于姑臧，宋混和宋澄聚兵二千反对张瓘。张瓘率领兵众出来迎战，被宋混击败。张瓘手下的玄胪刺击宋混，未能刺透盔甲，宋混擒获了他，张瓘的兵众全部投降。张瓘和他的弟弟张琚自杀，宋混将其宗族灭绝。张玄靓任命宋混为使持节、都督中外诸军事、骠骑大将军、酒泉郡侯，取代张瓘辅佐政事。宋混于是就请求张玄靓去掉凉王的称号，恢复凉州牧的称呼。宋混对玄胪说：“你刺杀我，我幸而未伤，如今我辅佐朝政，你害怕吗？”玄胪说：“我承受了张瓘之恩，只恨没有刺死你，无所畏惧！”宋混认为他有大义，以他为心腹。 361年，宋混病重，张玄靓及其祖母马氏前去看望，宋混说：“臣下的儿子宋林宗年幼，难以承担重任。殿下若未抛弃臣下一家，我弟弟宋澄办事能力胜于我，但恐怕他迂缓迟钝，难以随机应变。殿下如果能对他鞭策鼓励，就可以任用。”宋混告诫宋澄以及儿子们说：“我家承受国家大恩，应以死相报，不要倚仗权势对人傲慢。”他又会见了朝廷的大臣，全都告诫他们要忠贞不二。等到宋混死后，路人都为他流泪。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | 宋 混（そう こん、? - 361年）は、五胡十六国時代前涼の人物。字は玄一。敦煌郡の出身。 (ja) Song Hun (Chinese: 宋混) (died 361), courtesy name Xuanyi (Chinese: 玄一), was a regent of the Chinese Former Liang dynasty. During the reign of the violent and capricious Zhang Zuo, Song Hun served as a general, even though he constantly feared Zhang Zuo, because his older brother Song Xiu (宋修) had previously had a conflict with Zhang Zuo. In 355, when Zhang Guan rose against Zhang Zuo, Song started an uprising of his own against Zhang Zuo as well, and quickly arrived at the capital Guzang (姑臧, in modern Wuwei, Gansu). Zhang Guan's brother Zhang Ju (張琚) and son Zhang Song (張嵩) then started an uprising inside the city and opened the gates to welcome Song's forces in. Zhang Zuo's own troops turned on him and killed him. Song and Zhang Ju jointly declared Zhang Zuo's nephew, Zhang Xuanjing (whos (en) 宋混（？－361年），字玄一，敦煌郡（今甘肃敦煌西南）人，十六国前凉大臣。 自宋配后，宋氏世为前凉大族。宋混性情耿直，仕于张重华为骁骑将军。353年，张重华去世。张祚废黜张重华的儿子张曜灵篡立，暴虐无道，上下怨愤。祚恶张瓘。宋混的哥哥宋修和张祚有矛盾，宋混害怕张祚加祸于己。河州刺史张瓘起兵反，355年八月，宋混和他的弟弟宋澄向西逃走，聚集了数万人响应张瓘，掉头开向姑臧。张祚派杨秋胡把张曜灵带到东苑斩杀，尸体埋在沙坑当中，宋混的部队驻扎在武始的大湖边，哀悼张曜灵。闰六月，宋混的部队抵达姑臧，张瓘的弟弟张琚及儿子张嵩打开西城门让宋混的军队进城。他们立张重华之子七岁的凉武侯张玄靓为国主。张祚被士兵杀掉，宋混等人砍下了他的首级示众。宋混等人把张祚以普通百姓的规格埋葬，并且杀了他的两个儿子。宋混、张琚上书东晋朝廷请立张玄靓为大将军、凉州牧、西平公，在境内实行大赦，纪年恢复为建兴四十三年。张瓘抵达姑臧，推戴张玄靓为凉王，任命宋混为尚书仆射。 (zh) |
| rdfs:label | 宋混 (ja) Song Hun (en) 宋混 (zh) |
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