ARCADE (original) (raw)
Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission (ARCADE) is a program which utilizes high-altitude balloon instrument package intended to measure the heating of the universe by the first stars and galaxies after the big bang and search for the signal of relic decay or annihilation. In July 2006 a strong residual radio source was found using the radiometer, approximately six times what is predicted by theory. This phenomenon is known as "space roar" and remains an unsolved problem in astrophysics.
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| dbo:abstract | Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission (ARCADE) is a program which utilizes high-altitude balloon instrument package intended to measure the heating of the universe by the first stars and galaxies after the big bang and search for the signal of relic decay or annihilation. In July 2006 a strong residual radio source was found using the radiometer, approximately six times what is predicted by theory. This phenomenon is known as "space roar" and remains an unsolved problem in astrophysics. ARCADE has been funded by the NASA's Science Mission Directorate under the . The program is composed of a team led by of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. ARCADE was launched from NASA's Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility in Palestine, Texas, conducted under the auspices of the at Wallops Flight Facility. The balloon flew to an altitude of 120,000 feet (37 km), viewing about 7% of the sky during its observations. The instrument is designed to detect radiation at centimeter wavelengths. The craft contained seven radiometers which were cooled to 2.7 K (−270.45 °C; −454.81 °F) using liquid helium, with the intent to measure temperature differences as small as 1/1000 of a degree against a background which is only 3 K (−270.15 °C; −454.27 °F). The optics in the instrument package were placed near the top of the dewar flask which cooled them in order to prevent the instruments from seeing the walls of the container, thereby simplifying the processing of the observational data. This design choice necessitated the use of superfluid pumps in order to drench the radiometers in liquid helium. The design also utilized heaters in order to create a cloud of helium gas, in place of using a (relatively warm) window, which also simplified processing of the observational data. (en) ARCADE, ovverosia Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission è un programma della NASA per lo studio e l'intercettazione delle onde radio provenienti dallo spazio. Il programma prevede l'utilizzo di un radiometro situato a bordo di un particolare tipo di , cioè un satellite che viene gonfiato con gas dopo che è stato posizionato in orbita. Nel luglio 2006 un forte è stato intercettato dal radiometro. La navicella è stata portata da un pallone sonda ad una quota di circa 36 km, dove l'atmosfera si perde nel vuoto dello spazio. Al progetto della NASA hanno partecipato gli ingegneri del Goddard Space Flight Center di Greenbelt nel Maryland; il Jet Propulsion Laboratory di Pasadena, in California; l'Università della California a Santa Barbara; l'Università del Maryland e l'Istituto nazionale di ricerche spaziali del Brasile. Il volo è stato condotto sotto l'egida dello staff addetto al programma Balloon Program Office della Wallops Flight Facility. Gli strumenti a bordo della navicella hanno rilevato un rumore radio molto forte che permea tutto il cosmo ed impedisce agli astronomi di osservare le caratteristiche delle prime stelle, quelle formatesi circa 13 miliardi di anni fa, appena dopo il Big Bang.. La regione colorata indica il 7% del cielo in onde radio che è stato osservando da ARCADE. La Via Lattea attraversa il centro dell'immagine. Il rumore registrato era stato previsto, ma non con un valore così elevato, circa 6 volte superiore, e gli astronomi non sanno darsi una spiegazione plausibile. Le analisi effettuate escludono che sia originato dalle stelle primordiali o da altre sorgenti conosciute, o dal gas presente nell'alone esterno della nostra Galassia; d'altronde affinché la temperatura delle apparecchiature non contaminasse o falsasse la lettura dei dati registrati, esse sono state immerse in elio liquido che le ha portate ad una temperatura di 2,7 gradi sopra lo zero assoluto, che è la stessa temperatura del fondo cosmico. Il tutto perciò rimane ancora un mistero e ci viene negata la possibilità, per il momento, di rilevare e studiare le radiazioni delle prime stelle perché esse rimangono nascoste dietro questa coltre. (it) Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission (ARCADE) – program badawczy NASA mający za zadanie pomiar fal radiowych dobiegających z kosmosu i pochodzących z wczesnego etapu kształtowania się Wszechświata. W ramach programu zbudowano siedem radiometrów, które schłodzone do prawie zera absolutnego (2,7 °C powyżej tej temperatury) zostały wyniesione balonami na wysokość ponad 35 km, gdzie dokonały pomiarów. Dzięki analizie danych zebranych podczas misji z lipca 2006, ku zaskoczeniu naukowców, którzy oczekiwali równomiernego, cichego szumu odkryto bardzo silny sygnał, znacznie głośniejszy niż łączny sygnał wszystkich znanych galaktyk radiowych. Został on nazwany „kosmicznym rykiem” (ang. space roar). Pochodzenie tego sygnału nie jest znane i jak na razie (styczeń 2009) pozostaje nierozwiązaną zagadką. (pl) |
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| rdfs:comment | Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission (ARCADE) is a program which utilizes high-altitude balloon instrument package intended to measure the heating of the universe by the first stars and galaxies after the big bang and search for the signal of relic decay or annihilation. In July 2006 a strong residual radio source was found using the radiometer, approximately six times what is predicted by theory. This phenomenon is known as "space roar" and remains an unsolved problem in astrophysics. (en) ARCADE, ovverosia Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission è un programma della NASA per lo studio e l'intercettazione delle onde radio provenienti dallo spazio. Il programma prevede l'utilizzo di un radiometro situato a bordo di un particolare tipo di , cioè un satellite che viene gonfiato con gas dopo che è stato posizionato in orbita. Nel luglio 2006 un forte è stato intercettato dal radiometro. La navicella è stata portata da un pallone sonda ad una quota di circa 36 km, dove l'atmosfera si perde nel vuoto dello spazio. (it) Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission (ARCADE) – program badawczy NASA mający za zadanie pomiar fal radiowych dobiegających z kosmosu i pochodzących z wczesnego etapu kształtowania się Wszechświata. W ramach programu zbudowano siedem radiometrów, które schłodzone do prawie zera absolutnego (2,7 °C powyżej tej temperatury) zostały wyniesione balonami na wysokość ponad 35 km, gdzie dokonały pomiarów. (pl) |
| rdfs:label | ARCADE (en) ARCADE (it) Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission (pl) |
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