Spatial cognition (original) (raw)
空間認識能力（くうかんにんしきのうりょく）とは、物体の位置・方向・姿勢・大きさ・形状・など、物体が三次元空間に占めている状態や関係を、すばやく正確に把握、認識する能力のこと。空間認知（くうかんにんち、英: spatial perception、独: Raumwahrnehmung）、空間識（くうかんしき）、空間知覚（くうかんちかく）の能力をいう。
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:abstract | Räumliche Orientierung (auch: Raumsinn oder Richtungssinn) ist eine Fähigkeit von Menschen und Tieren, die ihnen hilft, sich im Raum und richtungsbezogen zurechtzufinden und angemessen zu bewegen. Zu diesem Zweck wirken mehrere Sinnesorgane zusammen, vor allem Auge, Ohr, Muskel- und Gleichgewichtssinn. Auch Pflanzen haben gewisse Eigenschaften zur Orientierung. Beispielsweise wenden sie ihre Blätter der hauptsächlichen Richtung des zu, und für den an die Lotrichtung angepassten Wuchs der Sprossachsen und Stämme sorgen u. a. die Leitungsbahnen im Phloem bzw. im holzigen Xylem. Zu räumlichen Orientierungsverfahren in Technik und Vermessung siehe Orientierung (Geodäsie). (de) Spatial cognition is the acquisition, organization, utilization, and revision of knowledge about . It is most about how animals including humans behave within space and the knowledge they built around it, rather than space itself. These capabilities enable individuals to manage basic and high-level cognitive tasks in everyday life. Numerous disciplines (such as cognitive psychology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, geographic Information science, cartography, etc.) work together to understand spatial cognition in different species, especially in humans. Thereby, spatial cognition studies also have helped to link cognitive psychology and neuroscience. Scientists in both fields work together to figure out what role spatial cognition plays in the brain as well as to determine the surrounding neurobiological infrastructure. In humans, spatial cognition is closely related to how people talk about their environment, find their way in new surroundings, and plan routes. Thus a wide range of studies is based on participants reports, performance measures and similar, for example in order to determine cognitive reference frames that allow subjects to perform. In this context the implementation of virtual reality becomes more and more widespread among researchers, since it offers the opportunity to confront participants with unknown environments in a highly controlled manner. Spatial cognition can be seen from a psychological point of view, meaning that people’s behaviour within that space is key. When people behave in space, they use cognitive maps, the most evolved form of spatial cognition. When using cognitive maps, information about landmarks and the routes between landmarks are stored and used. This knowledge can be built from various sources; from a tightly coordinated vision and locomotion (movement), but also from map symbols, verbal descriptions, and computer-based pointing systems. According to Montello, space is implicitly referring to a person’s body and their associated actions. He mentions different kinds of space; figural space which is a space smaller than the body, vista space which the space is more extended than the human body, environmental space which is learned by locomotion, and geographical space which is the biggest space and can only be learned through cartographic representation. However, since space is represented in the human brain, this can also lead to distortions. When perceiving space and distance, a distortion can occur. Distances are perceived differently on whether they are considered between a given location and a location that has a high cognitive saliency, meaning that it stands out. Different perceived locations and distances can have a “reference point”, which are better known than others, more frequently visited and more visible. There are other kinds of distortions as well. Furthermore, there the distortion in distance estimation and the distortion in angle alignment. Distortion in angle alignment means that your personal north will be viewed as “the north”. The map is mentally represented according to the orientation of the personal point of view of learning. Since perceived distortion is “subjective” and not necessarily correlated with “objective distance”, distortions can happen in this phenomenon too. There can be an overestimation in downtown routes, routes with turns, curved routes and borders or obstacles. (en) 空間認識能力（くうかんにんしきのうりょく）とは、物体の位置・方向・姿勢・大きさ・形状・など、物体が三次元空間に占めている状態や関係を、すばやく正確に把握、認識する能力のこと。空間認知（くうかんにんち、英: spatial perception、独: Raumwahrnehmung）、空間識（くうかんしき）、空間知覚（くうかんちかく）の能力をいう。 (ja) Orientacja przestrzenna – czynność psychiczna, ściśle powiązana z spostrzeganiem, która przejawia się jako proces uświadomienia położenia ciała. Dużą rolę w kształtowaniu orientacji przestrzennej mają receptory grawitacyjne oraz narząd wzroku. Podczas samolotem bez widoczności ziemi (w nocy, w chmurze) receptory grawitacyjne mogą dawać mylne informacje o położeniu ciała, prowadząc do utraty orientacji w przestrzeni. Pilot może wówczas wykonywać lot nawet w odwrotnej pozycji, głową w dół, będąc przekonanym o prawidłowym położeniu swego ciała. (pl) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.elderlyjournal.com/elderly-health/physical-examination/mental-exam/cognition/What-Is-Spatial-Cognition.html http://www.spatial-cognition.de/ http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/~montello/pubs/spatcog.pdf http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~scc/ http://www.spatiallearning.org |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 33429851 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 55755 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1120517627 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Cartography dbr:Enactivism dbr:Mental_rotation dbc:Spatial_cognition dbr:Navigation dbr:Correlation dbr:Mental_representation dbr:Salience_(neuroscience) dbr:Geographic_information_science dbr:Cognitive_Psychology dbr:Global_Positioning_System dbr:Spatial_visualization_ability dbr:Barbara_Tversky dbc:Cognition dbr:Landmark dbr:Wayfinding dbr:Experiment dbr:Frame_of_reference dbr:Daniel_R._Montello dbr:Direction,_position,_or_indication_sign dbr:Artificial_Intelligence dbr:Cognition dbr:Cognitive_map dbr:Axis_(anatomy) dbr:Space_mapping dbr:Spatial_cognition dbr:Spatial_contextual_awareness dbr:Knowledge dbr:Case_study dbr:Map dbr:Media_(communication) dbr:Virtual_reality dbr:Neuroscience dbr:Exploration dbr:Self-efficacy dbr:Sense_of_direction dbr:Topographical_disorientation dbr:Spatial_memory dbr:Taxonomy dbr:Spatial_ability dbr:Spatial_anxiety dbr:Egocentric_navigation dbr:Allocentric_navigation dbr:Spatial_environment |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Authority_control dbt:Cn dbt:Further dbt:Lead_too_long dbt:Multiple_issues dbt:Primary_sources dbt:Reflist |
| dct:subject | dbc:Spatial_cognition dbc:Cognition |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing |
| rdfs:comment | 空間認識能力（くうかんにんしきのうりょく）とは、物体の位置・方向・姿勢・大きさ・形状・など、物体が三次元空間に占めている状態や関係を、すばやく正確に把握、認識する能力のこと。空間認知（くうかんにんち、英: spatial perception、独: Raumwahrnehmung）、空間識（くうかんしき）、空間知覚（くうかんちかく）の能力をいう。 (ja) Orientacja przestrzenna – czynność psychiczna, ściśle powiązana z spostrzeganiem, która przejawia się jako proces uświadomienia położenia ciała. Dużą rolę w kształtowaniu orientacji przestrzennej mają receptory grawitacyjne oraz narząd wzroku. Podczas samolotem bez widoczności ziemi (w nocy, w chmurze) receptory grawitacyjne mogą dawać mylne informacje o położeniu ciała, prowadząc do utraty orientacji w przestrzeni. Pilot może wówczas wykonywać lot nawet w odwrotnej pozycji, głową w dół, będąc przekonanym o prawidłowym położeniu swego ciała. (pl) Räumliche Orientierung (auch: Raumsinn oder Richtungssinn) ist eine Fähigkeit von Menschen und Tieren, die ihnen hilft, sich im Raum und richtungsbezogen zurechtzufinden und angemessen zu bewegen. Zu diesem Zweck wirken mehrere Sinnesorgane zusammen, vor allem Auge, Ohr, Muskel- und Gleichgewichtssinn. Auch Pflanzen haben gewisse Eigenschaften zur Orientierung. Beispielsweise wenden sie ihre Blätter der hauptsächlichen Richtung des zu, und für den an die Lotrichtung angepassten Wuchs der Sprossachsen und Stämme sorgen u. a. die Leitungsbahnen im Phloem bzw. im holzigen Xylem. (de) Spatial cognition is the acquisition, organization, utilization, and revision of knowledge about . It is most about how animals including humans behave within space and the knowledge they built around it, rather than space itself. These capabilities enable individuals to manage basic and high-level cognitive tasks in everyday life. Numerous disciplines (such as cognitive psychology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, geographic Information science, cartography, etc.) work together to understand spatial cognition in different species, especially in humans. Thereby, spatial cognition studies also have helped to link cognitive psychology and neuroscience. Scientists in both fields work together to figure out what role spatial cognition plays in the brain as well as to determine the surrou (en) |
| rdfs:label | Spatial cognition (en) Räumliche Orientierung (de) 空間認識能力 (ja) Orientacja przestrzenna (pl) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Spatial cognition http://d-nb.info/gnd/4043869-7 wikidata:Spatial cognition dbpedia-de:Spatial cognition dbpedia-fa:Spatial cognition dbpedia-he:Spatial cognition dbpedia-ja:Spatial cognition dbpedia-pl:Spatial cognition https://global.dbpedia.org/id/23x24 |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Spatial_cognition?oldid=1120517627&ns=0 |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Spatial_cognition |
| is dbo:academicDiscipline of | dbr:David_Mark_(scientist) |
| is dbo:knownFor of | dbr:Nora_Newcombe dbr:Barbara_Landau |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:Pedestrian_navigation dbr:Navigation_research dbr:Spatial_Cognition |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Sara_Irina_Fabrikant dbr:Mental_mapping dbr:David_Mark_(scientist) dbr:Navigation dbr:Pedestrian_navigation dbr:Geographic_information_system dbr:Navigation_research dbr:Nora_Newcombe dbr:Traffic_psychology dbr:Cognitive_science dbr:Emil_Wolfgang_Menzel_Jr. dbr:Angular_gyrus dbr:Animal_navigation dbr:Anjan_Chatterjee_(neuroscientist) dbr:Barbara_Hayes-Roth dbr:Data_model_(GIS) dbr:Vyvyan_Evans dbr:Distance dbr:HIVE_(virtual_environment) dbr:Barbara_Landau dbr:Digital_archaeology dbr:Language_and_spatial_cognition dbr:Cognitive_biology dbr:Cognitive_geography dbr:Cognitive_map dbr:Building_blocks_(toy) dbr:Space_mapping dbr:Spatial_cognition dbr:Spatial_contextual_awareness dbr:Neil_Burgess_(neuroscientist) dbr:Neo-Piagetian_theories_of_cognitive_development dbr:Ordnance_Survey dbr:Cerebellar_cognitive_affective_syndrome dbr:Neuroarchaeology dbr:Sex_differences_in_human_physiology dbr:Ruth_Conroy_Dalton dbr:Spatial_Cognition dbr:Spatial_thinking dbr:Rudolf_Wlassak dbr:Sense_of_direction dbr:Trap-lining dbr:Spatial_ability dbr:Spatial_anxiety |
| is dbp:fields of | dbr:David_Mark_(scientist) |
| is rdfs:seeAlso of | dbr:Barbara_Landau |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Spatial_cognition |