Sperlonga sculptures (original) (raw)
Les statues de Sperlonga sont un vaste ensemble de sculptures découvertes en 1957 à Sperlonga, dans la province de Latina (Latium) en Italie, sous les ruines d'une villa de l'empereur romain Tibère.
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| dbo:abstract | Les estàtues de Sperlonga són un ampli conjunt d'escultures descobertes al 1957 a la vil·la de Tiberi a Sperlonga. Aquestes restes es trobaren dins d'una gran cova natural davant la mar, que en l'antiguitat va servir per als festins de Tiberi. Al 1963 es creà un museu a Sperlonga (Museu Archeologico Nazionale i Area Archeologica di Sperlonga) per exposar les escultures reconstruïdes i altres peces arqueològiques de la vil·la, seguint criteris que Mary Beard, especialista en història de la Mediterrània antiga, ha descrit com a "reinvencions creatives". Els grups escultòrics representen diferents episodis de mitologia grega. Encara que són d'estil hel·lenístic, haurien estat executats al principi del període imperial romà. Segons una inscripció gravada al vaixell atacat per Escil·la, les obres s'han atribuït als mateixos escultors de l'escola ròdia, els noms de la qual Plini el Vell recull com a autors del famós grup de Laocoont i els seus fills: Agesànder, Atenodor i Polidor; aquesta atribució, però, està qüestionada. Tàcit i Suetoni recullen que la cova s'enfonsà l'any 26, i estigué a punt d'afectar el mateix emperador. Degué ser en aquest moment, o en algun enfonsament posterior, quan les escultures s'esquarteraren, la qual cosa explica per què falten trossos en les reconstruccions modernes. (ca) Τα γλυπτά της Σπερλόνγκα είναι σύνθεση μεγάλου αριθμού γλυπτών τα οποία ανακαλύφθηκαν το 1957 στην περιοχή όπου υπήρχε η βίλα του Ρωμαίου αυτοκράτορα Τιβέριου στη , κωμόπολη μεταξύ της Ρώμης και της Νάπολης. Μετά την ανακάλυψη των τμημάτων τους τα γλυπτά ανακατασκευάστηκαν, και θεωρείται πως ήταν τοποθετημένα ανά ομάδες εντός του εσωτερικού ενός μεγάλου φυσικού σπηλαίου το οποίο βρίσκονταν απέναντι από το πέλαγος, με το σημείο αυτό να χρησιμοποιείται από τον Τιβέριο ως χώρος δείπνου. Τα γλυπτά αποτελούν αναπαραστάσεις θεμάτων από την Οδύσσεια, και είναι κατασκευασμένα με ελληνιστική τεχνοτροπία, με την κατασκευή τους να εκτιμάται κατά την πρώιμη περίοδο της Ρωμαϊκής αυτοκρατορίας (1ος αιώνας π.Χ./μ.Χ.) από τους Ρόδιους γλύπτες Αγήσανδρο, Αθηνόδωρο και Πολύδωρο. Το 1963 ιδρύθηκε μουσείο στη για τη στέγαση των γλυπτών και άλλων ευρημάτων από τη βίλα, με γύψινες ανακατασκευές των μεγάλων αντικειμένων. (el) Las estatuas de Sperlonga son un vasto conjunto de esculturas descubiertas en 1957 en la en Sperlonga. Sus restos se encontraron en el interior de una gran gruta natural ante el mar, que en la Antigüedad sirvió para los festines de Tiberio. En 1963 se creó un museo en Sperlonga (Museo Archeologico Nazionale e Area Archeologica di Sperlonga) para exponer las esculturas reconstruidas y otras piezas arqueológicas de la villa, siguiendo criterios que Mary Beard, especialista en historia del Mediterráneo antiguo, ha descrito como "reinvenciones creativas". Los grupos escultóricos representan distintos episodios de mitología griega. Aunque son de estilo helenístico, habrían sido ejecutados al comienzo del periodo imperial romano. Atendiendo a una inscripción grabada en el barco atacado por Escila, las obras se han atribuido a los mismos escultores de la cuyos nombres Plinio el Viejo recoge como autores del famoso grupo de Laocoonte y sus hijos: Agesandro, Atenodoro y Polidoro; pero tal atribución está cuestionada. Tácito y Suetonio recogen que la gruta se hundió en el año 26, estando a punto de afectar al propio emperador. Debió ser en ese momento, o en algún hundimiento posterior, cuando las esculturas se redujeron a fragmentos, lo que explica por qué faltan trozos en las reconstrucciones modernas. (es) The Sperlonga sculptures are a large and elaborate ensemble of ancient sculptures discovered in 1957 in the grounds of the former villa of the Emperor Tiberius at Sperlonga, on the coast between Rome and Naples. As reconstructed, the sculptures were arranged in groups around the interior of a large natural grotto facing the sea used by Tiberius for dining; many scholars believe he had the sculptures installed. The groups show incidents from the story of the Homeric hero Odysseus, and are in Hellenistic "baroque" style, "a loud, full-blown baroque", but are generally thought to date to the early Imperial period. As Tacitus and Suetonius recount, the grotto collapsed in 26 AD, nearly killing Tiberius, and either then or in a later fall the sculptures were crushed into thousands of fragments, so that the modern reconstructions have many missing elements. A museum was established in 1963 at Sperlonga to display the reconstructed sculptures and other finds from the villa, with cast reconstructions of the large groups, which are described by the classicist Mary Beard as "creative reinventions". As in the first picture here, many elements can be seen twice, as pieced-together originals, and as reconstructions using plaster casts of original pieces, filled out with educated guesswork. As usually reconstructed, the sculptures were arranged in four main groups around an artificial circular pool occupying most of the grotto, and connecting to a larger pool outside, one on an island in the centre of the circle. At the rear of the cave and to the right was a group showing the Blinding of Polyphemus the cyclops (one-eyed giant) by Odysseus and his men, dominated by the huge figure of Polyphemus lying drunk. Forward of this, on an island in the middle of the pool, was a group showing Odysseus' ship attacked by the monster Scylla. Two smaller groups placed on the sides of the pool's opening to the main pool outside are usually interpreted as, to the left, a "Pasquino group" of Odysseus carrying the body of Achilles from the battlefield, and to the right, Odysseus about to betray Diomedes after they steal the Trojan cult image of the Palladium from Troy in the course of its siege by the Greeks. On a niche in the cliff face above the entrance to the grotto was Ganymede carried up by the Eagle, a disguise of Zeus, apparently from the same period as the Odysseus groups. Some other statues around the grotto appear to belong both to earlier and later periods, and are excluded from the general comments here. The sculptures were designed to be seen from a triclinium or dining space with couches, presumably inside at least a tent or a "light pavilion", set on a rectangular island in the fish pond running into the grotto, and presumably also by walking round the grotto itself, and possibly bathing in the pool. They would presumably have been artificially lit, especially at night, as the rear of the grotto would have been rather dim even in daylight. The grotto was also decorated with "artificial stalactites and encrustations" as well as a coloured opus sectile floor, and a "room" left of the Polyphemus group had a number of theatrical masks mounted on the walls, designed to be lit from behind. (en) Les statues de Sperlonga sont un vaste ensemble de sculptures découvertes en 1957 à Sperlonga, dans la province de Latina (Latium) en Italie, sous les ruines d'une villa de l'empereur romain Tibère. (fr) Il gruppo scultoreo di Ulisse che acceca Polifemo, noto anche semplicemente come Gruppo di Polifemo, è un'opera in marmo degli scultori Agesandro, Atenodoro e Polidoro, databile al I secolo a.C. circa e conservato nel (provincia di Latina). (it) |
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| rdfs:comment | Les statues de Sperlonga sont un vaste ensemble de sculptures découvertes en 1957 à Sperlonga, dans la province de Latina (Latium) en Italie, sous les ruines d'une villa de l'empereur romain Tibère. (fr) Il gruppo scultoreo di Ulisse che acceca Polifemo, noto anche semplicemente come Gruppo di Polifemo, è un'opera in marmo degli scultori Agesandro, Atenodoro e Polidoro, databile al I secolo a.C. circa e conservato nel (provincia di Latina). (it) Les estàtues de Sperlonga són un ampli conjunt d'escultures descobertes al 1957 a la vil·la de Tiberi a Sperlonga. Aquestes restes es trobaren dins d'una gran cova natural davant la mar, que en l'antiguitat va servir per als festins de Tiberi. Al 1963 es creà un museu a Sperlonga (Museu Archeologico Nazionale i Area Archeologica di Sperlonga) per exposar les escultures reconstruïdes i altres peces arqueològiques de la vil·la, seguint criteris que Mary Beard, especialista en història de la Mediterrània antiga, ha descrit com a "reinvencions creatives". (ca) Τα γλυπτά της Σπερλόνγκα είναι σύνθεση μεγάλου αριθμού γλυπτών τα οποία ανακαλύφθηκαν το 1957 στην περιοχή όπου υπήρχε η βίλα του Ρωμαίου αυτοκράτορα Τιβέριου στη , κωμόπολη μεταξύ της Ρώμης και της Νάπολης. Μετά την ανακάλυψη των τμημάτων τους τα γλυπτά ανακατασκευάστηκαν, και θεωρείται πως ήταν τοποθετημένα ανά ομάδες εντός του εσωτερικού ενός μεγάλου φυσικού σπηλαίου το οποίο βρίσκονταν απέναντι από το πέλαγος, με το σημείο αυτό να χρησιμοποιείται από τον Τιβέριο ως χώρος δείπνου. (el) Las estatuas de Sperlonga son un vasto conjunto de esculturas descubiertas en 1957 en la en Sperlonga. Sus restos se encontraron en el interior de una gran gruta natural ante el mar, que en la Antigüedad sirvió para los festines de Tiberio. En 1963 se creó un museo en Sperlonga (Museo Archeologico Nazionale e Area Archeologica di Sperlonga) para exponer las esculturas reconstruidas y otras piezas arqueológicas de la villa, siguiendo criterios que Mary Beard, especialista en historia del Mediterráneo antiguo, ha descrito como "reinvenciones creativas". (es) The Sperlonga sculptures are a large and elaborate ensemble of ancient sculptures discovered in 1957 in the grounds of the former villa of the Emperor Tiberius at Sperlonga, on the coast between Rome and Naples. As reconstructed, the sculptures were arranged in groups around the interior of a large natural grotto facing the sea used by Tiberius for dining; many scholars believe he had the sculptures installed. The groups show incidents from the story of the Homeric hero Odysseus, and are in Hellenistic "baroque" style, "a loud, full-blown baroque", but are generally thought to date to the early Imperial period. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Estàtues de Sperlonga (ca) Γλυπτά της Σπερλόνγκα (el) Estatuas de Sperlonga (es) Gruppo di Polifemo (it) Statues de Sperlonga (fr) Sperlonga sculptures (en) |
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