Steven Brams (original) (raw)
Steven J. Brams (né en 1940) est un théoricien politique et scientifique de l'université de New York (département de la politique). Brams est surtout connu pour utiliser les techniques de la théorie des jeux et des choix publics à la recherche de systèmes de vote et de partage équitable. Il est l'un des découvreurs indépendants du vote par approbation. Aussi, il a été codécouvreur, avec Alan D. Taylor, d'une solution du problème de (en).
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| dbo:abstract | Steven J. Brams (* 28. November 1940 in Concord (New Hampshire)) ist ein US-amerikanischer Politikwissenschaftler, der sich mit Spieltheorie, Theorie von Wahlen wie Sozialwahltheorie und Theorie fairen Teilens befasst. Brams studierte am Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) mit dem Bachelor-Abschluss 1962 und wurde 1966 an der Northwestern University in Politikwissenschaft promoviert. 1965 bis 1967 war er am Institute for Defense Analyses, ab 1967 Assistant Professor an der Syracuse University und ab 1969 an der New York University, an der er 1973 Associate Professor und 1976 Professor wurde. Er ist einer der Begründer von Wahl durch Zustimmung (mit Peter C. Fishburn 1977) und mit Alan D. Taylor Erfinder der Scheidungsformel (Adjusted Winner Procedure), die er patentieren ließ und deren Patent von einer Bostoner Anwaltsfirma vermarktet wird. Mit Taylor entwarf er 1995 eine Lösung des Tortenteilungsproblems für beliebig viele Teilnehmer (Faire Teilung). Er wandte die Spieltheorie auf unterschiedlichste Gebiete an wie internationale Politik und die Bibel. Eine der analysierten Situationen ist Gottes Verbot, vom Baum der Erkenntnis zu essen. Gott hat hier zwei mögliche Strategien: verbieten oder nicht verbieten. Adam und Eva haben ebenfalls zwei mögliche Strategien: essen oder nicht essen. Eine Analyse der vier Möglichkeiten ergibt, dass "verbieten / (trotzdem) essen" die stabile Lösung des Spiels ist. Er war Gastprofessor an der University of Rochester, der University of Michigan, der University of California, Irvine, der University of Pennsylvania und der Yale University. 1986/87 war er Guggenheim Fellow. Er ist Mitglied der American Association for the Advancement of Science. (de) Steven J. Brams (né en 1940) est un théoricien politique et scientifique de l'université de New York (département de la politique). Brams est surtout connu pour utiliser les techniques de la théorie des jeux et des choix publics à la recherche de systèmes de vote et de partage équitable. Il est l'un des découvreurs indépendants du vote par approbation. Aussi, il a été codécouvreur, avec Alan D. Taylor, d'une solution du problème de (en). (fr) Steven J. Brams (born November 28, 1940 in Concord, New Hampshire) is an American game theorist and political scientist at the New York University Department of Politics. Brams is best known for using the techniques of game theory, public choice theory, and social choice theory to analyze voting systems and fair division. He is one of the independent discoverers of approval voting, as well as extensions of approval voting to multiple-winner elections to give proportional representation of different interests. Brams was a co-discoverer, with Alan Taylor, of the first envy-free cake-cutting solution for n people.Previous to the Brams-Taylor procedure, the cake-cutting problem had been one of the most important open problems in contemporary mathematics. He is co-inventor with Taylor of the fair-division procedure, adjusted winner, which was patented by New York University in 1999 (# 5,983,205). Adjusted winner has been licensed to a Boston law firm, which formed a company, Fair Outcomes, Inc., that markets several fair-division algorithms. Brams has applied game theory to a wide variety of strategic situations, from the Bible and theology to international relations to sports. (en) |
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| dbo:birthName | Steven J. Brams (en) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://as.nyu.edu/politics/directory.steven-brams.html http://video.mit.edu/watch/how-democracy-resolves-conflict-in-difficult-games-9363/ https://blogs.wsj.com/numbersguy/numbers-guy-interview-steven-brams-340/tab/article/ http://bigthink.com/ideas/18723 |
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| dbp:birthName | Steven J. Brams (en) |
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| dbp:caption | Steven J. Brams, professor at New York University, specializing in game theory; co-inventor with Alan D. Taylor of the fair division procedure, adjusted winner, and one of the independent discoverers of approval voting and the catch-up rule in sports. (en) |
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| dbp:knownFor | Independent discoverer of approval voting (en) Solved the problem of envy-free cake-cutting (en) Has applied game theory to a wide range of strategic situations (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Steven J. Brams (né en 1940) est un théoricien politique et scientifique de l'université de New York (département de la politique). Brams est surtout connu pour utiliser les techniques de la théorie des jeux et des choix publics à la recherche de systèmes de vote et de partage équitable. Il est l'un des découvreurs indépendants du vote par approbation. Aussi, il a été codécouvreur, avec Alan D. Taylor, d'une solution du problème de (en). (fr) Steven J. Brams (* 28. November 1940 in Concord (New Hampshire)) ist ein US-amerikanischer Politikwissenschaftler, der sich mit Spieltheorie, Theorie von Wahlen wie Sozialwahltheorie und Theorie fairen Teilens befasst. Er ist einer der Begründer von Wahl durch Zustimmung (mit Peter C. Fishburn 1977) und mit Alan D. Taylor Erfinder der Scheidungsformel (Adjusted Winner Procedure), die er patentieren ließ und deren Patent von einer Bostoner Anwaltsfirma vermarktet wird. Mit Taylor entwarf er 1995 eine Lösung des Tortenteilungsproblems für beliebig viele Teilnehmer (Faire Teilung). (de) Steven J. Brams (born November 28, 1940 in Concord, New Hampshire) is an American game theorist and political scientist at the New York University Department of Politics. Brams is best known for using the techniques of game theory, public choice theory, and social choice theory to analyze voting systems and fair division. He is one of the independent discoverers of approval voting, as well as extensions of approval voting to multiple-winner elections to give proportional representation of different interests. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Steven Brams (de) Steven Brams (fr) Steven Brams (en) |
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