United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program (original) (raw)

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アメリカ海軍戦闘機兵器学校（アメリカかいぐんせんとうきへいきがっこう、英: United States Navy Fighter Weapons School、略称：NFWS）は、かつてカリフォルニア州（1993年よりミラマー海兵隊航空基地）に所在した、アメリカ海軍の戦闘機搭乗員養成機関。TOP GUN（トップガン）の通称が広く知られている。1996年、ネバダ州に設立された（英: Naval Aviation Warfighting Development Center、略称：NAWDC）に統合され、戦闘攻撃戦術教官（英: Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor、略称：SFTI）プログラムを実施する一部門（N7）となっている。

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dbo:abstract Die United States Navy Fighter Weapons School, besser bekannt als TOPGUN, ist die Elite-Jagdflugschule der United States Navy und war bis 1996 auf der ehemaligen Naval Air Station Miramar (heute: ) in Miramar, Kalifornien beheimatet. TOPGUN wurde am 3. März 1969 gegründet, um Piloten Lufttaktik beizubringen und damit den relativ schlechten Leistungen der Jagdflieger im Vietnamkrieg zu begegnen. Dabei wurde erstmals das sogenannte dissimilar training eingeführt, bei dem die amerikanischen Piloten nicht wie üblich gegen ein Flugzeug des Typs kämpften, das sie selbst flogen, sondern gegen kleinere Flugzeuge, wie die Sowjetunion sie betrieb. Die Besatzungen der F-4 Phantom II kämpften bei TOPGUN gegen A-4 Skyhawk (die Unterschallflugzeuge simulierte) und die F-5E Tiger II, die Überschallgegner mimte. Der erste Kommandeur von TOPGUN war Ronald Eugen „Mugs“ McKeown (1939–2015). In den 1970er und 1980er Jahren wurde die F-4 durch die F-14 Tomcat und die F/A-18 Hornet ersetzt. Als modernere Gegner wurden unter anderen die BAE Hawk und die F-16 Fighting Falcon eingesetzt, aber auch die F-14 selbst, da sie einerseits vom Iran geflogen wurde und andererseits auch der Su-27 Flanker recht ähnlich war. In den 1990er Jahren wurde TOPGUN zusätzlich auf Bodenangriffe ausgerichtet, um der Multi-Mission-Rolle der Trägerflugzeuge gerecht zu werden. 1996 wurde TOPGUN in das (heute: ) eingegliedert und auf die nach Fallon, Nevada verlegt. Bekannt wurde TOPGUN vor allem durch den Film Top Gun – Sie fürchten weder Tod noch Teufel mit Tom Cruise. (de) Topgun - officiellement le United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor Program (USNSFTIP) - rendu célèbre auprès du grand public par le film du même nom, est un programme de formation pour les instructeurs spécialisés en combat aérien de l'aéronavale américaine. Pendant ses premières années d'existence, c'était un simple stage de perfectionnement : les pilotes ou les équipages sélectionnés étaient détachés temporairement de leur escadron pendant quelques semaines puis y retournaient pour transmettre les connaissances nouvellement acquises à leurs camarades mais ce système n'a plus cours et les diplômés deviennent maintenant instructeurs à temps plein. Créé en 1969 pendant la guerre du Vietnam, alors que l'aéronavale américaine - comme d'ailleurs l'armée de l'air - obtient des résultats médiocres en combat aérien face à l'aviation nord-vietnamienne, Topgun contribue à restaurer la supériorité de la Navy lors de la reprise des combats aériens à partir de la fin de 1971. Initialement établi au sein des deux escadrons de transformation opérationnelle VF-124 (F-8 Crusader) et VF-121 (F-4 Phantom II) basés à Miramar (Californie), Topgun se développe finalement surtout au sein de l'escadron VF-121 et devient une école autonome en 1972 sous le nom de Navy Fighter Weapons School (École des armes de la chasse de la marine). En 1996, l'école déménage vers la base de NAS Fallon dans le Nevada lorsque la base de Miramar est transférée à l'aviation du Corps des Marines. Topgun devient alors l'un des programmes spécialisés offerts par un centre d'excellence appelé Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center (Centre Naval d'attaque aérienne et de combat aérien), qui sera lui-même rebaptisé Naval Aviation Warfighting Development Center (Centre de développement des techniques de combat de l'aéronavale) en 2015. Aujourd'hui, Topgun, qui a été créé il y a plus de cinquante ans comme un cours supérieur (post-graduate education) de combat aérien, a suivi l'évolution des tâches remplies par les avions de l'aéronavale et porte autant sur les missions d'attaque/bombardement que sur celles de chasse « pure ». (fr) La United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program (SFTI program), popularmente conocida como TOP GUN, es la evolución más reciente de la academia de la Armada de Estados Unidos ( Navy Fighter Weapons School ) la cual se estableció originalmente el 3 de marzo de 1969, en la antigua Estación Aérea Naval de Miramar, San Diego (California). Su influencia en los pilotos militares de EE UU. ha sido grande, llevando por ejemplo a practicar el combate aéreo disimilar y mantener en activo el concepto de (Agressor) en los tres servicios. El programa SFTI lleva hoy en día a cabo la misma formación de combate especializada llamada NFWS (Navy Fighter Weapons School) que tuvo lugar desde 1969 hasta 1996. En 1996, la NFWS se trasladó a la Naval Air Station Fallon, en el oeste de Nevada y se fusionó con la Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center (NSAWC). Durante el apogeo de TOP GUN en Miramar, la base fue apodada Fightertown USA. (es) アメリカ海軍戦闘機兵器学校（アメリカかいぐんせんとうきへいきがっこう、英: United States Navy Fighter Weapons School、略称：NFWS）は、かつてカリフォルニア州（1993年よりミラマー海兵隊航空基地）に所在した、アメリカ海軍の戦闘機搭乗員養成機関。TOP GUN（トップガン）の通称が広く知られている。1996年、ネバダ州に設立された（英: Naval Aviation Warfighting Development Center、略称：NAWDC）に統合され、戦闘攻撃戦術教官（英: Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor、略称：SFTI）プログラムを実施する一部門（N7）となっている。 (ja) The United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program (SFTI program), more popularly known as Top Gun (stylized as TOPGUN), teaches fighter and strike tactics and techniques to selected naval aviators and naval flight officers, who return to their operating units as surrogate instructors. It began as the United States Navy Fighter Weapons School, established on 3 March 1969, at the former Naval Air Station Miramar in San Diego, California. In 1996, the school was merged into the Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center at Naval Air Station Fallon, Nevada. (en) La United States Navy Fighter Weapons School, comunemente chiamata TOPGUN, è la scuola di combattimento per piloti della Marina Militare Statunitense. (it) 미국 해군 타격 전투기 전술 강사 프로그램(영어: United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program), 간단히 SFTI 프로그램(SFTI program) 또는 대중적으로 탑건(TOPGUN)은 선택된 미국 해군 비행사와 해군 비행 장교에게 전투기 및 타격 전술과 기술을 가르치는 프로그램이다. 1969년 3월 3일 캘리포니아주 샌디에이고 에 소재한 미국 해군 전투기 무기 학교(영어: United States Navy Fighter Weapons School)로 시작하였다. 1996년에 학교는 네바다주 팰런 근처에 소재한 에 있는 로 병합되었다. (ko) O Programa de Instrutores de Táticas de Caças de Combate da Marinha dos Estados Unidos (tradução livre de United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program, também conhecido pela sigla SFTI), mais popularmente conhecido como TOPGUN, ensina técnicas e táticas de caças de combate para aviadores navais e oficiais de vôo navais selecionados, que retornam às suas unidades operacionais como instrutores substitutos. Tal programa começou como Escola de Armas de Caças de Combate da Marinha dos Estados Unidos (tradução livre de United States Navy Fighter Weapons School), fundada em 3 de março de 1969, na antiga Estação Aérea Naval Miramar em San Diego, Califórnia . Em 1996, a escola foi fundida no Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center localizado na Naval Air Station Fallon, Nevada . (pt) 美国海军战斗机武器学校（United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program），是美国海军于1969年3月3日在加利福尼亚州米拉马海军航空站（现为米拉马海军陆战队航空站）建立、旨在培养海军飞行员空战技能的学校，现已并入位于内华达州的，成为该中心的「美国海军攻击战斗机战术教学计划」。 (zh)
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dbp:date August 2022 (en)
dbp:find Navy Fighter Weapons School (en)
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dbp:title Ep. 19: Patch Wearers: The Real TOPGUN (en) Top Gun Then and Now (en)
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rdfs:comment アメリカ海軍戦闘機兵器学校（アメリカかいぐんせんとうきへいきがっこう、英: United States Navy Fighter Weapons School、略称：NFWS）は、かつてカリフォルニア州（1993年よりミラマー海兵隊航空基地）に所在した、アメリカ海軍の戦闘機搭乗員養成機関。TOP GUN（トップガン）の通称が広く知られている。1996年、ネバダ州に設立された（英: Naval Aviation Warfighting Development Center、略称：NAWDC）に統合され、戦闘攻撃戦術教官（英: Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor、略称：SFTI）プログラムを実施する一部門（N7）となっている。 (ja) The United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program (SFTI program), more popularly known as Top Gun (stylized as TOPGUN), teaches fighter and strike tactics and techniques to selected naval aviators and naval flight officers, who return to their operating units as surrogate instructors. It began as the United States Navy Fighter Weapons School, established on 3 March 1969, at the former Naval Air Station Miramar in San Diego, California. In 1996, the school was merged into the Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center at Naval Air Station Fallon, Nevada. (en) La United States Navy Fighter Weapons School, comunemente chiamata TOPGUN, è la scuola di combattimento per piloti della Marina Militare Statunitense. (it) 미국 해군 타격 전투기 전술 강사 프로그램(영어: United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program), 간단히 SFTI 프로그램(SFTI program) 또는 대중적으로 탑건(TOPGUN)은 선택된 미국 해군 비행사와 해군 비행 장교에게 전투기 및 타격 전술과 기술을 가르치는 프로그램이다. 1969년 3월 3일 캘리포니아주 샌디에이고 에 소재한 미국 해군 전투기 무기 학교(영어: United States Navy Fighter Weapons School)로 시작하였다. 1996년에 학교는 네바다주 팰런 근처에 소재한 에 있는 로 병합되었다. (ko) O Programa de Instrutores de Táticas de Caças de Combate da Marinha dos Estados Unidos (tradução livre de United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program, também conhecido pela sigla SFTI), mais popularmente conhecido como TOPGUN, ensina técnicas e táticas de caças de combate para aviadores navais e oficiais de vôo navais selecionados, que retornam às suas unidades operacionais como instrutores substitutos. Tal programa começou como Escola de Armas de Caças de Combate da Marinha dos Estados Unidos (tradução livre de United States Navy Fighter Weapons School), fundada em 3 de março de 1969, na antiga Estação Aérea Naval Miramar em San Diego, Califórnia . Em 1996, a escola foi fundida no Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center localizado na Naval Air Station Fallon, Nevada . (pt) 美国海军战斗机武器学校（United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program），是美国海军于1969年3月3日在加利福尼亚州米拉马海军航空站（现为米拉马海军陆战队航空站）建立、旨在培养海军飞行员空战技能的学校，现已并入位于内华达州的，成为该中心的「美国海军攻击战斗机战术教学计划」。 (zh) Die United States Navy Fighter Weapons School, besser bekannt als TOPGUN, ist die Elite-Jagdflugschule der United States Navy und war bis 1996 auf der ehemaligen Naval Air Station Miramar (heute: ) in Miramar, Kalifornien beheimatet. In den 1970er und 1980er Jahren wurde die F-4 durch die F-14 Tomcat und die F/A-18 Hornet ersetzt. Als modernere Gegner wurden unter anderen die BAE Hawk und die F-16 Fighting Falcon eingesetzt, aber auch die F-14 selbst, da sie einerseits vom Iran geflogen wurde und andererseits auch der Su-27 Flanker recht ähnlich war. (de) La United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program (SFTI program), popularmente conocida como TOP GUN, es la evolución más reciente de la academia de la Armada de Estados Unidos ( Navy Fighter Weapons School ) la cual se estableció originalmente el 3 de marzo de 1969, en la antigua Estación Aérea Naval de Miramar, San Diego (California). Su influencia en los pilotos militares de EE UU. ha sido grande, llevando por ejemplo a practicar el combate aéreo disimilar y mantener en activo el concepto de (Agressor) en los tres servicios. (es) Topgun - officiellement le United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor Program (USNSFTIP) - rendu célèbre auprès du grand public par le film du même nom, est un programme de formation pour les instructeurs spécialisés en combat aérien de l'aéronavale américaine. Pendant ses premières années d'existence, c'était un simple stage de perfectionnement : les pilotes ou les équipages sélectionnés étaient détachés temporairement de leur escadron pendant quelques semaines puis y retournaient pour transmettre les connaissances nouvellement acquises à leurs camarades mais ce système n'a plus cours et les diplômés deviennent maintenant instructeurs à temps plein. (fr)
rdfs:label United States Navy Fighter Weapons School (de) Πρόγραμμα Εκπαιδευτή Τακτικών Μαχητών του Ναυτικού των ΗΠΑ (el) Top Gun (Fighter Weapons School) (es) Topgun (fr) United States Navy Fighter Weapons School (it) アメリカ海軍戦闘機兵器学校 (ja) 미국 해군 타격 전투기 전술 강사 프로그램 (ko) Escola de Armas de Caças da Marinha (pt) United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program (en) United States Navy Fighter Weapons School (sv) 美國海軍戰鬥機武器學校 (zh)
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