Tenure of Office Act (1867) (original) (raw)
Der Tenure of Office Act von 1867 war ein US-amerikanisches Bundesgesetz, das die Entlassung von Ministern aus dem Kabinett regelte. Bekanntheit erlangte es insbesondere durch das Amtsenthebungsverfahren gegen den Präsidenten Andrew Johnson, dem vorgeworfen wurde, es verletzt zu haben. Im Jahre 1887 hob der Kongress das Gesetz wieder auf. Später, im Jahr 1926, erklärte der Oberste Gerichtshof ein dem Tenure of Office Act ähnliches Gesetz, das aber nicht Kabinettsposten betraf, für ungültig.
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| dbo:abstract | Der Tenure of Office Act von 1867 war ein US-amerikanisches Bundesgesetz, das die Entlassung von Ministern aus dem Kabinett regelte. Bekanntheit erlangte es insbesondere durch das Amtsenthebungsverfahren gegen den Präsidenten Andrew Johnson, dem vorgeworfen wurde, es verletzt zu haben. Im Jahre 1887 hob der Kongress das Gesetz wieder auf. Später, im Jahr 1926, erklärte der Oberste Gerichtshof ein dem Tenure of Office Act ähnliches Gesetz, das aber nicht Kabinettsposten betraf, für ungültig. (de) Le Tenure of Office Act était une loi fédérale des États-Unis qui a été en vigueur de 1867 à 1887. Passant outre le véto du président des États-Unis, Andrew Johnson, cette loi fut promulguée le 2 mars 1867. Elle entendait priver le président du pouvoir de révoquer tout cadre supérieur qu’il avait nommé sur avis conforme du Sénat et avec son consentement, à moins que ce dernier approuvât la révocation lors de la session plénière suivante du Congrès. C’est une tentative de Johnson de démettre le secrétaire à la Guerre Edwin Stanton de ses fonctions sans l'approbation du Sénat qui a conduit à la mise en accusation du président des États-Unis Andrew Johnson au début de 1868 pour violation de la loi. Cette loi fut d’abord considérablement modifiée le 5 avril 1869 par le président républicain des États-Unis, Ulysses S. Grant, avant que le Congrès l’abrogeât dans son intégralité en 1887, vingt ans exactement après son adoption. Alors qu’elle évaluait la constitutionnalité d'une loi similaire dans l'affaire (en) (1926), la Cour suprême déclara que le Tenure of Office Act était probablement invalide. (fr) The Tenure of Office Act was a United States federal law, in force from 1867 to 1887, that was intended to restrict the power of the president to remove certain office-holders without the approval of the U.S. Senate. The law was enacted March 2, 1867, over the veto of President Andrew Johnson. It purported to deny the president the power to remove any executive officer who had been appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, unless the Senate approved the removal during the next full session of Congress. Johnson's attempt to remove Secretary of War Edwin Stanton from office without the Senate's approval led to the impeachment of Johnson in early 1868 for violating the act. The act was significantly amended by Congress on April 5, 1869, under President Ulysses S. Grant. Congress repealed the act in its entirety in 1887, exactly 20 years after the law was enacted. While evaluating the constitutionality of a similar law in Myers v. United States (1926), the Supreme Court stated that the Tenure of Office Act was likely invalid. (en) |
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| dbp:committees | Committee on Retrenchment (en) |
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| dbp:introducedby | George Henry Williams (en) |
| dbp:introduceddate | 1866-12-03 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:introducedin | Senate (en) |
| dbp:longtitle | An act regulating the tenure of certain civil offices (en) |
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| dbp:shorttitle | Tenure of Office Act (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Der Tenure of Office Act von 1867 war ein US-amerikanisches Bundesgesetz, das die Entlassung von Ministern aus dem Kabinett regelte. Bekanntheit erlangte es insbesondere durch das Amtsenthebungsverfahren gegen den Präsidenten Andrew Johnson, dem vorgeworfen wurde, es verletzt zu haben. Im Jahre 1887 hob der Kongress das Gesetz wieder auf. Später, im Jahr 1926, erklärte der Oberste Gerichtshof ein dem Tenure of Office Act ähnliches Gesetz, das aber nicht Kabinettsposten betraf, für ungültig. (de) Le Tenure of Office Act était une loi fédérale des États-Unis qui a été en vigueur de 1867 à 1887. Passant outre le véto du président des États-Unis, Andrew Johnson, cette loi fut promulguée le 2 mars 1867. Elle entendait priver le président du pouvoir de révoquer tout cadre supérieur qu’il avait nommé sur avis conforme du Sénat et avec son consentement, à moins que ce dernier approuvât la révocation lors de la session plénière suivante du Congrès. (fr) The Tenure of Office Act was a United States federal law, in force from 1867 to 1887, that was intended to restrict the power of the president to remove certain office-holders without the approval of the U.S. Senate. The law was enacted March 2, 1867, over the veto of President Andrew Johnson. It purported to deny the president the power to remove any executive officer who had been appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, unless the Senate approved the removal during the next full session of Congress. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Tenure of Office Act (de) Tenure of Office Act (1867) (fr) Tenure of Office Act (1867) (en) |
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