Thirty Comrades (original) (raw)
Treinta Camaradas (birmano: ရဲဘော်သုံးကျိပ်) es el nombre con que se conoce a un grupo de jóvenes independentistas birmanos que constituyeron en la década de 1940 el embrión del ejército birmano moderno conocido como el Ejército de Independencia Birmano (IEB), conformado para luchar por la independencia de Gran Bretaña. Esto ocurrió justo antes de que la mayoría de las Treinta Camaradas regresaran con el invasor Ejército Imperial Japonés a través del sur de Birmania en diciembre de 1941.
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| dbo:abstract | Treinta Camaradas (birmano: ရဲဘော်သုံးကျိပ်) es el nombre con que se conoce a un grupo de jóvenes independentistas birmanos que constituyeron en la década de 1940 el embrión del ejército birmano moderno conocido como el Ejército de Independencia Birmano (IEB), conformado para luchar por la independencia de Gran Bretaña. Esto ocurrió justo antes de que la mayoría de las Treinta Camaradas regresaran con el invasor Ejército Imperial Japonés a través del sur de Birmania en diciembre de 1941. (es) Les Trente Camarades (birman ရဲဘော်သုံးကျိပ်) sont un groupe de jeunes birmans constituant l'embryon de l'Armée pour l'indépendance birmane pro-japonaise au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Formés à Hainan, la plupart d'entre eux regagnèrent leur pays avec l'armée japonaise au début de la campagne de Birmanie. Plusieurs ont joué un rôle politique important dans la Birmanie indépendante après 1948, notamment les socialistes. Les communistes, à commencer par Aung San, "père de l'indépendance", connurent généralement un sort moins heureux. (fr) Tiga Puluh Kamerad (bahasa Myanmar: ရဲဘော်သုံးကျိပ်) adalah cikal bakal dari angkatan darat Myanmar modern yang disebut Tentara Kemerdekaan Burma yang dibentuk untuk memperjuangkan kemerdekaan dari Inggris. Mereka berkumpul tepat sebelum mayoritas Tiga Puluh Kamerad kembali ketika pasukan Jepang pada awalnya menginvasi Burma Selatan pada Desember 1941. (in) The Thirty Comrades (Burmese: ရဲဘော်သုံးကျိပ်) constituted the embryo of the modern Burmese army called the Burma Independence Army (BIA) which was formed to fight for independence from Britain. This was accomplished just before the majority of the Thirty Comrades returned with the invading Japanese Army initially through Southern Burma in December 1941. In April 1941, small groups of Burmese youth left Burma secretly to obtain military training to fight the British Colonists in the struggle for independence. Their leader was Thakin Aung San and they were sent by the Dobama Asiayone ("We Burmans Association") with the intention to get assistance from Guangzhou. By a quirk of fate, however, they ran into the Japanese instead in Amoy and arrived in Japan later to be flown to occupied parts of sanya, in order to receive military training by the Japanese Army. They were later moved to Formosa for security reasons and subsequently returned to Burma via Vietnam and Thailand with the Japanese. On 26 December 1941, in a house (owned by a Burmese doctor) in Bangkok, about 25 of the Thirty Comrades had their blood drawn from their arms in syringes, then poured into a silver bowl from which each of them drank – thway thauk in time-honoured Burmese military tradition – pledging "eternal loyalty" among themselves and to the cause of Burmese independence. Their average age was just 24 years. A Japanese officer called Suzuki Keiji, better known among the Burmese by his nom de guerre Bo Mogyo (Commander Thunderbolt) and head of a special intelligence unit called Minami Kikan (南機関) formed in order to support a national uprising in Burma, was the mentor and principal trainer of the Thirty Comrades. The British were driven out of Burma to India during World War II. The Thirty Comrades, each taking a nom de guerre, were: According to a historian of Burma Professor Gordon H Luce, who in the pre-war years taught at Rangoon University, the Thirty Comrades led by General Aung San helped establish the 4th Burmese State in history (the 1st by King Anawrahta (1044–1078), the 2nd by King Tabinshwehti (1530–1550), the 3rd by King Alaungpaya (1752–1760)). Dr Ba Maw who was the Head of State and "Supreme Leader' (in Burmese Adipadi Gyi) from August 1943 to about March 1945, during the administration established by the Japanese, had somewhat different opinions on the role of the Thirty Comrades. (See Ba Maw, Breakthrough in Burma: Memoirs of a Revolution 1939–1946, Yale University Press, 1968). Bo Ye Htut (no. 15), the last of the Thirty Comrades, died at the age of 92 on 28 November 2013, after Bo Kyaw Zaw (No. 14) died in Kunming on 10 October 2012, Among the prominent leaders of the Thirty Comrades who had died over the last decade were Bo Ne Win (No. 6) who died on 5 December 2002, and who from March 1962 to about ten years beyond his "retirement" in late July 1988 was the ruler, and in later years the "puppet master", of Burma, and Bo Hmu Aung (No. 9) who died in 2004. (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Treinta Camaradas (birmano: ရဲဘော်သုံးကျိပ်) es el nombre con que se conoce a un grupo de jóvenes independentistas birmanos que constituyeron en la década de 1940 el embrión del ejército birmano moderno conocido como el Ejército de Independencia Birmano (IEB), conformado para luchar por la independencia de Gran Bretaña. Esto ocurrió justo antes de que la mayoría de las Treinta Camaradas regresaran con el invasor Ejército Imperial Japonés a través del sur de Birmania en diciembre de 1941. (es) Les Trente Camarades (birman ရဲဘော်သုံးကျိပ်) sont un groupe de jeunes birmans constituant l'embryon de l'Armée pour l'indépendance birmane pro-japonaise au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Formés à Hainan, la plupart d'entre eux regagnèrent leur pays avec l'armée japonaise au début de la campagne de Birmanie. Plusieurs ont joué un rôle politique important dans la Birmanie indépendante après 1948, notamment les socialistes. Les communistes, à commencer par Aung San, "père de l'indépendance", connurent généralement un sort moins heureux. (fr) Tiga Puluh Kamerad (bahasa Myanmar: ရဲဘော်သုံးကျိပ်) adalah cikal bakal dari angkatan darat Myanmar modern yang disebut Tentara Kemerdekaan Burma yang dibentuk untuk memperjuangkan kemerdekaan dari Inggris. Mereka berkumpul tepat sebelum mayoritas Tiga Puluh Kamerad kembali ketika pasukan Jepang pada awalnya menginvasi Burma Selatan pada Desember 1941. (in) The Thirty Comrades (Burmese: ရဲဘော်သုံးကျိပ်) constituted the embryo of the modern Burmese army called the Burma Independence Army (BIA) which was formed to fight for independence from Britain. This was accomplished just before the majority of the Thirty Comrades returned with the invading Japanese Army initially through Southern Burma in December 1941. The Thirty Comrades, each taking a nom de guerre, were: (en) |
| rdfs:label | Treinta Camaradas (es) Tiga Puluh Kamerad (in) Trente Camarades (fr) Thirty Comrades (en) |
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