Tifayifu (original) (raw)
剃髮易服或薙髮易服，乃指明末清初時期清朝統治者强令其统治下包括漢族及其它南方少數民族的男子改剃滿族髡（kun）髮髮型的“剃髮令”（或稱“薙髮令”），以及改著满族服饰的政策。這些政策涉及民族文化認同，主要是針對漢族，政策實施的原因之一是為了區別服從者和反抗者，方便統治。剃髮令在明末清初引起強烈反對與抵抗，結果反抗者在清初一度遭致清廷的血腥鎮壓。剃发、易服与圈地、占房、投充、逃人并称“清初六大弊政”。 “剃发易服”政策從清初的暴力鎮壓到康熙年間及康熙以後的潛移默化，對後來中國的髮式及服飾有明顯影響。
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| dbo:abstract | Tifayifu (simplified Chinese: 剃发易服; traditional Chinese: 剃髮易服; lit. 'shaving hair and changing costume') is an edict policy which took place in the Qing dynasty in 1645 when Han Chinese people (more specifically adult living men, who did not fall in the stipulated exceptions) were forced to follow Manchu hairstyle and Manchu clothing. In 1644, on the first day when the Manchu penetrated the Great Wall of China through the Shanhai pass, the Manchu rulers ordered the surrendering Han Chinese population to shave their heads; however, this policy came to a halt just a month later due to the intense resistance from the Han Chinese near Beijing. It is only after the Manchu recaptured Nanjing, the southern capital, in 1645 that the policy resumed and was enforced severely. Within one year after entering China proper, the Qing rulers demanded that men among their defeated subjects had to adopt Manchu hairstyle or face execution. Qing Manchu prince Dorgon initially canceled the order for all men in Ming territories south of the Great wall (post 1644 additions to the Qing) to shave. It was a Han official from Shandong, Sun Zhixie and Li Ruolin who voluntarily shaved their foreheads and demanded Qing Prince Dorgon impose the queue hairstyle on the entire population which led to the queue order. The law was strongly opposed by the Han Chinese, especially those who were part of the late Ming scholars and literati class. Even 10 years after the tifayifu edict implementation, resistance to the hair cutting and changing clothing to Manchu style still occurred. In the Kangxi period, a large number of ordinary people still followed the clothing and hairstyle of the Ming dynasty, except for the officials and military generals who had to wear the Manchu queue and uniforms. With time, Han Chinese men eventually voluntarily adopted Manchu-style clothing, such as changshan and magua, over time, and by the late Qing, officials, scholars, and many commoners wore Manchu-style clothing. (en) 剃髮易服或薙髮易服，乃指明末清初時期清朝統治者强令其统治下包括漢族及其它南方少數民族的男子改剃滿族髡（kun）髮髮型的“剃髮令”（或稱“薙髮令”），以及改著满族服饰的政策。這些政策涉及民族文化認同，主要是針對漢族，政策實施的原因之一是為了區別服從者和反抗者，方便統治。剃髮令在明末清初引起強烈反對與抵抗，結果反抗者在清初一度遭致清廷的血腥鎮壓。剃发、易服与圈地、占房、投充、逃人并称“清初六大弊政”。 “剃发易服”政策從清初的暴力鎮壓到康熙年間及康熙以後的潛移默化，對後來中國的髮式及服飾有明顯影響。 (zh) |
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| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Qianlong_Emperor dbr:Qing_dynasty dbr:Queue_(hairstyle) dbc:Legal_history_of_China dbr:Hong_Taiji dbr:Chiefdom_of_Kokang dbr:Qizhuang dbr:Classic_of_Filial_Piety dbr:Fuzhou dbr:Great_Wall_of_China dbr:Nanai_people dbr:Liao_dynasty dbr:Manchu_people dbr:Shunzhi_Emperor dbr:Yuan_dynasty dbr:Tusi dbr:Foot_binding dbr:Hanfu_Movement dbr:List_of_Hanfu_headwear dbr:Han_Chinese dbr:Changshan dbr:Cheongsam dbr:Jiading_District dbr:Jiangyin dbr:Jin_dynasty_(1115–1234) dbr:Jurchen_people dbr:Later_Jin_(1616–1636) dbr:Uyghur_people dbc:Chinese_headgear dbc:Chinese_fashion dbr:Kokang_people dbr:Ming_dynasty dbr:Nanjing dbc:Qing_clothing dbr:Shanhai_Pass dbr:Magua_(clothing) dbr:Salar_people dbr:Ruqun dbr:Qing_conquest_of_the_Ming dbr:Li_Chengdong dbr:File:MET_69_100.jpg dbr:Liu_Liangzuo |
| dbp:author | Macabe Keliher (en) Su Wenhao (en) |
| dbp:page | 6 (xsd:integer) 40 (xsd:integer) 41 (xsd:integer) 60 (xsd:integer) 61 (xsd:integer) 83 (xsd:integer) 220 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:pages | 6 (xsd:integer) 36 (xsd:integer) 39 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:source | p. 157 (en) |
| dbp:text | 1 (xsd:integer) Previously, the wise men . . . would often advise me [Hong Taiji] to abandon our Manchu clothing and hats for Chinese clothing and hats, and to adopt the Chinese way. I refused. They would not accept my reasons. Now, here, I want to give myself as an example. If those of us gathered here wore wide-sleeved clothing, how would we be able to stand with a quiver of arrows on the right side and a bow on the left? How could we take in hand the advance of a brave peregrine falcon [i.e., practice falconry]? If we give up archery and horsemanship, then we can certainly wear wide-sleeved clothing. But then how are we any different from those depraved people who eat meat cut by others (en) |
| dbp:title | The Board of Rites and the Making of Qing China (en) Study on the Inheritance and Cultural Creation of Manchu Qipao Culture (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | 剃髮易服或薙髮易服，乃指明末清初時期清朝統治者强令其统治下包括漢族及其它南方少數民族的男子改剃滿族髡（kun）髮髮型的“剃髮令”（或稱“薙髮令”），以及改著满族服饰的政策。這些政策涉及民族文化認同，主要是針對漢族，政策實施的原因之一是為了區別服從者和反抗者，方便統治。剃髮令在明末清初引起強烈反對與抵抗，結果反抗者在清初一度遭致清廷的血腥鎮壓。剃发、易服与圈地、占房、投充、逃人并称“清初六大弊政”。 “剃发易服”政策從清初的暴力鎮壓到康熙年間及康熙以後的潛移默化，對後來中國的髮式及服飾有明顯影響。 (zh) Tifayifu (simplified Chinese: 剃发易服; traditional Chinese: 剃髮易服; lit. 'shaving hair and changing costume') is an edict policy which took place in the Qing dynasty in 1645 when Han Chinese people (more specifically adult living men, who did not fall in the stipulated exceptions) were forced to follow Manchu hairstyle and Manchu clothing. In 1644, on the first day when the Manchu penetrated the Great Wall of China through the Shanhai pass, the Manchu rulers ordered the surrendering Han Chinese population to shave their heads; however, this policy came to a halt just a month later due to the intense resistance from the Han Chinese near Beijing. It is only after the Manchu recaptured Nanjing, the southern capital, in 1645 that the policy resumed and was enforced severely. Within one year after e (en) |
| rdfs:label | Tifayifu (en) 剃髮易服 (zh) |
| owl:sameAs | wikidata:Tifayifu dbpedia-zh:Tifayifu https://global.dbpedia.org/id/WbRi |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Tifayifu?oldid=1104343964&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/MET_69_100.jpg |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Tifayifu |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Qizhuang dbr:Chinoiserie_in_fashion dbr:Yuanlingshan dbr:Wangjin dbr:Daopao dbr:Hanfu_Movement dbr:Hanfu dbr:Zhiduo_(clothing) dbr:Mamianqun |
| is rdfs:seeAlso of | dbr:Queue_(hairstyle) dbr:Daojiao_fushi dbr:Hanfu dbr:Manchu_platform_shoes |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Tifayifu |
