Transcritical cycle (original) (raw)
دورة الانتقال الحرج هي دورة ديناميكا حرارية حيث يحدث لمائع التشغيل أن يمر بكلا حالتي الضغط الحرج ودرجة الحرارة الحرجة بحيث يكون قبلها في حين وبعدها في حينٍ آخر. وهذه عادة ما تكون مرتطبة بغاز ثاني أكسيد الكربون CO2 عندما يكون هو لمائع التشغيل. ودورة الانتقال الحرج الحديثة طُورت في فترة 1988-1991 بواسطة العالم (1915-1995) وبمشاركة فريقه.
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| dbo:abstract | دورة الانتقال الحرج هي دورة ديناميكا حرارية حيث يحدث لمائع التشغيل أن يمر بكلا حالتي الضغط الحرج ودرجة الحرارة الحرجة بحيث يكون قبلها في حين وبعدها في حينٍ آخر. وهذه عادة ما تكون مرتطبة بغاز ثاني أكسيد الكربون CO2 عندما يكون هو لمائع التشغيل. ودورة الانتقال الحرج الحديثة طُورت في فترة 1988-1991 بواسطة العالم (1915-1995) وبمشاركة فريقه. (ar) Le cycle transcritique est un cycle thermodynamique dans lequel le fluide utilisé peut se trouver en dessous et au-dessus de son point critique. La réfrigération utilisant le CO2 (R-744) comme fluide réfrigérant est un exemple d’utilisation d’un cycle transcritique. La température critique assez basse du CO2 (31 °C) impose l’utilisation d’un cycle supercritique, et donc de très fortes pressions, pour pouvoir dissiper la chaleur dans un environnement extérieur où règnent des températures supérieures à 15 ou 20 °C. Le cycle transcritique moderne a été développé entre 1988 et 1991 par le chercheur norvégien Gustav Lorentzen (1915-1995) et son équipe. (fr) Un ciclo transcritico è un ciclo termodinamico chiuso dove il fluido di lavoro attraversa sia la fase liquida che quella supercritica e gassosa. In particolare, per cicli di potenza, il fluido di lavoro è tenuto in condizioni liquide nella fase di compressione e vapore supercritico durante l'espansione. Il ciclo ultrasupercritico rappresenta l'applicazione più comune di ciclo transcritico per applicazioni di larga scala, dove l'acqua è usata come fluido di lavoro. Altre applicazioni di cicli di potenza transcritici sono rappresentate dagli Organic Rankine Cycle, particolarmente adatti a fonti di calore a bassa entalpia, come geotermico, recupero termico o biomasse e termovalorizzazione di rifiuti. Rispetto ai rispettivi cicli subcritici, i cicli transcritici possono sfruttare maggiori rapporti di compressione e conseguentemente efficienze di ciclo più alte per la maggior parte dei fluidi di lavoro e lavori specifici maggiori. Rispetto ai cicli supercritici, invece, un ramo di pressione si trova sotto la pressione critica (condensando) e l'altro si trova a pressioni maggiori di quella critica. Nel campo della refrigerazione, l'anidride carbonica è considerata come fluido molto promettente a causa della posizione del suo punto critico. (it) A transcritical cycle is a closed thermodynamic cycle where the working fluid goes through both subcritical and supercritical states. In particular, for power cycles the working fluid is kept in the liquid region during the compression phase and in vapour and/or supercritical conditions during the expansion phase. The ultrasupercritical steam Rankine cycle represents a widespread transcritical cycle in the electricity generation field from fossil fuels, where water is used as working fluid. Other typical applications of transcritical cycles to the purpose of power generation are represented by organic Rankine cycles, which are especially suitable to exploit low temperature heat sources, such as geothermal energy, heat recovery applications or waste to energy plants. With respect to subcritical cycles, the transcritical cycle exploits by definition higher pressure ratios, an feature that ultimately yields higher efficiencies for the majority of the working fluids. Considering then also supercritical cycles as a valid alternative to the transcritical ones, the latter cycles are capable of achieving higher specific works due to the limited relative importance of the work of compression work. This evidences the extreme potential of transcritical cycles to the purpose of producing the most power (measurable in terms of the cycle specific work) with the least expenditure (measurable in terms of spent energy to compress the working fluid). While in single level supercritical cycles both pressure levels are above the critical pressure of the working fluid, in transcritical cycles one pressure level is above the critical pressure and the other is below. In the refrigeration field carbon dioxide, CO2, is increasingly considered of interest as refrigerant. (en) O ciclo transcritical é um ciclo termodinâmico onde o trabalho do fluido vai através de estados subcrítico e de fluido supercrítico. Esse é o mesmo caso do dióxido de carbono, CO2, é um refrigerante. O moderno ciclo transcrítico estava desenvolvendo em 1988–1991 pelo professor norueguês (1915–1995) . (pt) 跨临界循环（transcritical cycle）是工作流體在亞臨界及超臨界狀態之間工作的热力学循环。常見的制冷剂是二氧化碳CO2。 現代的跨临界循环是在1988至1991年之間，由挪威科學家（1915–1995）及其團隊所提出。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | دورة الانتقال الحرج هي دورة ديناميكا حرارية حيث يحدث لمائع التشغيل أن يمر بكلا حالتي الضغط الحرج ودرجة الحرارة الحرجة بحيث يكون قبلها في حين وبعدها في حينٍ آخر. وهذه عادة ما تكون مرتطبة بغاز ثاني أكسيد الكربون CO2 عندما يكون هو لمائع التشغيل. ودورة الانتقال الحرج الحديثة طُورت في فترة 1988-1991 بواسطة العالم (1915-1995) وبمشاركة فريقه. (ar) O ciclo transcritical é um ciclo termodinâmico onde o trabalho do fluido vai através de estados subcrítico e de fluido supercrítico. Esse é o mesmo caso do dióxido de carbono, CO2, é um refrigerante. O moderno ciclo transcrítico estava desenvolvendo em 1988–1991 pelo professor norueguês (1915–1995) . (pt) 跨临界循环（transcritical cycle）是工作流體在亞臨界及超臨界狀態之間工作的热力学循环。常見的制冷剂是二氧化碳CO2。 現代的跨临界循环是在1988至1991年之間，由挪威科學家（1915–1995）及其團隊所提出。 (zh) Le cycle transcritique est un cycle thermodynamique dans lequel le fluide utilisé peut se trouver en dessous et au-dessus de son point critique. La réfrigération utilisant le CO2 (R-744) comme fluide réfrigérant est un exemple d’utilisation d’un cycle transcritique. La température critique assez basse du CO2 (31 °C) impose l’utilisation d’un cycle supercritique, et donc de très fortes pressions, pour pouvoir dissiper la chaleur dans un environnement extérieur où règnent des températures supérieures à 15 ou 20 °C. (fr) A transcritical cycle is a closed thermodynamic cycle where the working fluid goes through both subcritical and supercritical states. In particular, for power cycles the working fluid is kept in the liquid region during the compression phase and in vapour and/or supercritical conditions during the expansion phase. The ultrasupercritical steam Rankine cycle represents a widespread transcritical cycle in the electricity generation field from fossil fuels, where water is used as working fluid. Other typical applications of transcritical cycles to the purpose of power generation are represented by organic Rankine cycles, which are especially suitable to exploit low temperature heat sources, such as geothermal energy, heat recovery applications or waste to energy plants. With respect to subcrit (en) Un ciclo transcritico è un ciclo termodinamico chiuso dove il fluido di lavoro attraversa sia la fase liquida che quella supercritica e gassosa. In particolare, per cicli di potenza, il fluido di lavoro è tenuto in condizioni liquide nella fase di compressione e vapore supercritico durante l'espansione. Il ciclo ultrasupercritico rappresenta l'applicazione più comune di ciclo transcritico per applicazioni di larga scala, dove l'acqua è usata come fluido di lavoro. Altre applicazioni di cicli di potenza transcritici sono rappresentate dagli Organic Rankine Cycle, particolarmente adatti a fonti di calore a bassa entalpia, come geotermico, recupero termico o biomasse e termovalorizzazione di rifiuti. (it) |
| rdfs:label | دورة انتقال حرج (ar) Cycle transcritique (fr) Ciclo transcritico (it) Ciclo Transcrítico (pt) Transcritical cycle (en) 跨临界循环 (zh) |
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