Supercritical carbon dioxide (original) (raw)
ثنائي أكسيد الكربون فوق الحرج (ويرمز له scCO2 من كلمة supercritical التي تعني فوق الحرج) هو ثنائي أكسيد الكربون عندما يكون فوق النقطة الحرجة بالنسبة لكل من الضغط (فوق 73.8 بار) ودرجة الحرارة (فوق 31 °س أي ما يعادل 304.1 كلفن).
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| dbo:abstract | ثنائي أكسيد الكربون فوق الحرج (ويرمز له scCO2 من كلمة supercritical التي تعني فوق الحرج) هو ثنائي أكسيد الكربون عندما يكون فوق النقطة الحرجة بالنسبة لكل من الضغط (فوق 73.8 بار) ودرجة الحرارة (فوق 31 °س أي ما يعادل 304.1 كلفن). (ar) Überkritisches Kohlenstoffdioxid (auch superkritisches Kohlenstoffdioxid oder scCO2, von englisch supercritical) ist Kohlenstoffdioxid in einem fluiden Zustand über seiner kritischen Temperatur und seinem kritischen Druck. (de) Le dioxyde de carbone supercritique est un état fluide du dioxyde de carbone (CO2) obtenu lorsqu'il est maintenu au-dessus de ses température et pression critiques respectivement 304,25 K et 72,9 atm. Le dioxyde de carbone est à l'état gazeux dans l'atmosphère terrestre dans les conditions normales de température et de pression (CNTP) ou à l'état solide appelé neige carbonique quand il est gelé. Si sa température et sa pression sont amenées à des valeurs supérieures à celles de son point critique, le dioxyde de carbone a alors des propriétés intermédiaires entre celles du gaz et celles du liquide : il se comporte comme un fluide supercritique. Le CO2 supercritique est un solvant commercial et industriel important en raison de son utilisation dans le processus chimique d'extraction ainsi que pour sa faible toxicité et son faible impact environnemental. La relativement basse température du processus et la stabilité du CO2 permet également de limiter la dénaturation du composé extrait. D'autre part, la solubilité dans le dioxyde de carbone de nombreux composés d'extraction varie avec la pression rendant possibles des extractions sélectives. (fr) Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) is a fluid state of carbon dioxide where it is held at or above its critical temperature and critical pressure. Carbon dioxide usually behaves as a gas in air at standard temperature and pressure (STP), or as a solid called dry ice when cooled and/or pressurised sufficiently. If the temperature and pressure are both increased from STP to be at or above the critical point for carbon dioxide, it can adopt properties midway between a gas and a liquid. More specifically, it behaves as a supercritical fluid above its critical temperature (304.13 K, 31.0 °C, 87.8 °F) and critical pressure (7.3773 MPa, 72.8 atm, 1,070 psi, 73.8 bar), expanding to fill its container like a gas but with a density like that of a liquid. Supercritical CO2 is becoming an important commercial and industrial solvent due to its role in chemical extraction in addition to its relatively low toxicity and environmental impact. The relatively low temperature of the process and the stability of CO2 also allows most compounds to be extracted with little damage or denaturing. In addition, the solubility of many extracted compounds in CO2 varies with pressure, permitting selective extractions. (en) Nadkrytyczny dwutlenek węgla (scCO2) – płynna postać CO2 występująca w stanie nadkrytycznym, tj. dla temperatury i ciśnienia równych lub wyższych niż krytyczne (odpowiednio: 31 °C, 7,38 MPa) (pl) 超臨界二氧化碳（sCO2）是維持在臨界溫度及臨界壓力以上的二氧化碳流體（超臨界流體）。 二氧化碳在标准状况下會是氣體，冷卻後會形成固體，稱為乾冰。若提高其溫度及壓力，從标准状况提昇到二氧化碳的临界点時，其性質會介於液體和氣體之間，會像氣體一樣充滿整個空間，但其密度又類似液體，也就是超臨界流體，其临界溫度為304.25 K, 31.10 °C87.98 °F，其臨界壓力為72.9 atm, 7.39 MPa1,071 psi。 超臨界二氧化碳因為其化學萃取上的角色，再加上其毒性低，對環境影響較小，是重要的商用以及工業溶劑。其溫度較低，再加上CO2的穩定性，因此可以萃取其他化合物而不怕變性。而且許多物質在二氧化碳中的溶解度會隨壓力而改變，因此可以進行選擇性的萃取。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | ثنائي أكسيد الكربون فوق الحرج (ويرمز له scCO2 من كلمة supercritical التي تعني فوق الحرج) هو ثنائي أكسيد الكربون عندما يكون فوق النقطة الحرجة بالنسبة لكل من الضغط (فوق 73.8 بار) ودرجة الحرارة (فوق 31 °س أي ما يعادل 304.1 كلفن). (ar) Überkritisches Kohlenstoffdioxid (auch superkritisches Kohlenstoffdioxid oder scCO2, von englisch supercritical) ist Kohlenstoffdioxid in einem fluiden Zustand über seiner kritischen Temperatur und seinem kritischen Druck. (de) Nadkrytyczny dwutlenek węgla (scCO2) – płynna postać CO2 występująca w stanie nadkrytycznym, tj. dla temperatury i ciśnienia równych lub wyższych niż krytyczne (odpowiednio: 31 °C, 7,38 MPa) (pl) 超臨界二氧化碳（sCO2）是維持在臨界溫度及臨界壓力以上的二氧化碳流體（超臨界流體）。 二氧化碳在标准状况下會是氣體，冷卻後會形成固體，稱為乾冰。若提高其溫度及壓力，從标准状况提昇到二氧化碳的临界点時，其性質會介於液體和氣體之間，會像氣體一樣充滿整個空間，但其密度又類似液體，也就是超臨界流體，其临界溫度為304.25 K, 31.10 °C87.98 °F，其臨界壓力為72.9 atm, 7.39 MPa1,071 psi。 超臨界二氧化碳因為其化學萃取上的角色，再加上其毒性低，對環境影響較小，是重要的商用以及工業溶劑。其溫度較低，再加上CO2的穩定性，因此可以萃取其他化合物而不怕變性。而且許多物質在二氧化碳中的溶解度會隨壓力而改變，因此可以進行選擇性的萃取。 (zh) Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) is a fluid state of carbon dioxide where it is held at or above its critical temperature and critical pressure. Carbon dioxide usually behaves as a gas in air at standard temperature and pressure (STP), or as a solid called dry ice when cooled and/or pressurised sufficiently. If the temperature and pressure are both increased from STP to be at or above the critical point for carbon dioxide, it can adopt properties midway between a gas and a liquid. More specifically, it behaves as a supercritical fluid above its critical temperature (304.13 K, 31.0 °C, 87.8 °F) and critical pressure (7.3773 MPa, 72.8 atm, 1,070 psi, 73.8 bar), expanding to fill its container like a gas but with a density like that of a liquid. (en) Le dioxyde de carbone supercritique est un état fluide du dioxyde de carbone (CO2) obtenu lorsqu'il est maintenu au-dessus de ses température et pression critiques respectivement 304,25 K et 72,9 atm. Le dioxyde de carbone est à l'état gazeux dans l'atmosphère terrestre dans les conditions normales de température et de pression (CNTP) ou à l'état solide appelé neige carbonique quand il est gelé. Si sa température et sa pression sont amenées à des valeurs supérieures à celles de son point critique, le dioxyde de carbone a alors des propriétés intermédiaires entre celles du gaz et celles du liquide : il se comporte comme un fluide supercritique. (fr) |
| rdfs:label | ثنائي أكسيد الكربون فوق الحرج (ar) Überkritisches Kohlenstoffdioxid (de) Dioxyde de carbone supercritique (fr) Nadkrytyczny dwutlenek węgla (pl) Supercritical carbon dioxide (en) 超臨界二氧化碳 (zh) |
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