Transgender rights in Iran (original) (raw)
Avant la révolution islamique de 1979, le sujet de la transidentité en Iran n'avait jamais été officiellement traité par le gouvernement. Cependant, au début des années 1980, les personnes transgenres ont été officiellement reconnues par le gouvernement et autorisées à bénéficier d'opérations chirurgicales.
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| dbo:abstract | Transsexualität im Iran war vor der islamischen Revolution 1979 kein Thema für Regierungsstellen. Ab Mitte der 1980er-Jahre wurden Transsexuelle offiziell vom Staat anerkannt und ihnen war erlaubt, sich geschlechtsangleichenden Maßnahmen zu unterziehen. Die öffentlichen Kassen tragen bis zu 50 % der anfallenden Kosten, außerdem wird eine Geschlechtsangleichung in allen offiziellen Dokumenten vermerkt. Von der iranischen Wehrpflicht sind Transmänner ausgenommen und Homosexualität ist illegal, in Militärausweisen ist das entsprechend vermerkt, wodurch sie bei Kontrollen als schwul oder transsexuell identifiziert werden und der Gefahr von Diskriminierung ausgesetzt sind, teils mit körperlichen Misshandlungen. (de) Avant la révolution islamique de 1979, le sujet de la transidentité en Iran n'avait jamais été officiellement traité par le gouvernement. Cependant, au début des années 1980, les personnes transgenres ont été officiellement reconnues par le gouvernement et autorisées à bénéficier d'opérations chirurgicales. (fr) Transgender rights in Iran are limited, with a narrow degree of official recognition of transgender identities by the government, but with trans individuals facing very high levels of discrimination, from the law, the state, and from the wider society. Before the Islamic Revolution in 1979, the issue of transgender identity in Iran had never been officially addressed by the government. Beginning in the mid-1980s, however, transgender individuals were officially recognized by the government, under condition of undergoing sex reassignment surgery, with some financial assistance being provided by the government for the costs of surgery, and with a change of sex marker on birth certificates available post-surgery. However, substantial legal and societal barriers still exist in Iran. Transgender individuals who do not undergo surgery have no legal recognition and those that do are first submitted to a long and invasive process, including virginity tests, formal parental approval, psychological counseling that reinforces feelings of shame, and inspection by the Family Court. In addition, non-binary genders are not recognized in Iran and the quality of trans healthcare in the country, including hormone therapy and reconstruction surgeries, is often very low. Iran still considers transgender identity to be a mental disorder and has no laws protecting trans people against stigmatization or hate crimes. Transgender individuals also face extreme social pressures to hide the fact that they are transgender, often being forced to move to a new city, cut ties with any previous relationships, and conform to the strict sex segregation in Iran. Harassment against transgender individuals is common within Iran, and trans people face increased risk of physical and sexual assault, exclusion from education and jobs, poverty, and homelessness. The Iranian government also monitors online transgender communities, often subjecting them to censorship, and police routinely arrest trans people. The United Nations Human Rights Council has reported that "lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender children are subjected to electric shocks and the administration of hormones and strong psychoactive medications". (en) Sytuacja osób transpłciowych w Iranie – osoby takie są prawnie akceptowane przez władze oraz możliwe jest legalne poddanie się operacji korekcji płci. Od 2008 r. Iran przeprowadza najwięcej po Tajlandii zabiegów tego typu, które są dofinansowywane przez państwo. Wynika to z presji władz w celu dopasowania wszystkich swoich obywateli do kategorii mężczyzn lub kobiet bez innych opcji dla osób homoseksualnych lub niebinarnych, które nie toleruje i prześladuje, a same transpłciowe osoby, które przeprowadzają tę operację, są piętnowane społecznie przez swoje rodziny i lokalne społeczności. (pl) 伊朗是唯一認可變性權利的伊斯蘭國家。在1979年伊朗革命前，政府從未正式關注變性議題。從1980年代中期開始，伊朗伊斯兰共和国政府正式認可跨性別人士並且准許進行變性手術。 (zh) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/conway/TSsuccesses/Maryam/Maryam.html http://montages.blogspot.com/ http://montages.blogspot.com/2004/08/changing-sex-changing-islam.html http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7259057.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/4115535.stm https://web.archive.org/web/20040523180501/http:/www.ecoi.net/pub/mv100_cois2001-irn.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20081212223859/http:/www.irtg.info/ https://web.archive.org/web/20110606185558/http:/dir.salon.com/story/news/feature/2005/07/28/iran_transsexuals/print.html https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-transgender/28931543.html https://www.theguardian.com/g2/story/0,,1536658,00.html https://web.archive.org/web/20120916211211/http:/www.safraproject.org/Reports/SP_Country_Information_Report_Iran.pdf |
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| rdfs:comment | Avant la révolution islamique de 1979, le sujet de la transidentité en Iran n'avait jamais été officiellement traité par le gouvernement. Cependant, au début des années 1980, les personnes transgenres ont été officiellement reconnues par le gouvernement et autorisées à bénéficier d'opérations chirurgicales. (fr) Sytuacja osób transpłciowych w Iranie – osoby takie są prawnie akceptowane przez władze oraz możliwe jest legalne poddanie się operacji korekcji płci. Od 2008 r. Iran przeprowadza najwięcej po Tajlandii zabiegów tego typu, które są dofinansowywane przez państwo. Wynika to z presji władz w celu dopasowania wszystkich swoich obywateli do kategorii mężczyzn lub kobiet bez innych opcji dla osób homoseksualnych lub niebinarnych, które nie toleruje i prześladuje, a same transpłciowe osoby, które przeprowadzają tę operację, są piętnowane społecznie przez swoje rodziny i lokalne społeczności. (pl) 伊朗是唯一認可變性權利的伊斯蘭國家。在1979年伊朗革命前，政府從未正式關注變性議題。從1980年代中期開始，伊朗伊斯兰共和国政府正式認可跨性別人士並且准許進行變性手術。 (zh) Transsexualität im Iran war vor der islamischen Revolution 1979 kein Thema für Regierungsstellen. Ab Mitte der 1980er-Jahre wurden Transsexuelle offiziell vom Staat anerkannt und ihnen war erlaubt, sich geschlechtsangleichenden Maßnahmen zu unterziehen. Die öffentlichen Kassen tragen bis zu 50 % der anfallenden Kosten, außerdem wird eine Geschlechtsangleichung in allen offiziellen Dokumenten vermerkt. (de) Transgender rights in Iran are limited, with a narrow degree of official recognition of transgender identities by the government, but with trans individuals facing very high levels of discrimination, from the law, the state, and from the wider society. The United Nations Human Rights Council has reported that "lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender children are subjected to electric shocks and the administration of hormones and strong psychoactive medications". (en) |
| rdfs:label | Transsexualität im Iran (de) Transidentité en Iran (fr) Sytuacja osób transpłciowych w Iranie (pl) Transgender rights in Iran (en) 伊朗的變性 (zh) |
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