Truman Michelson (original) (raw)
ترومان ميكلسون (بالإنجليزية: Truman Michelson) هو لغوي وعالم إنسان أمريكي، ولد في 11 أغسطس 1879 في نيو روتشيل في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 26 يوليو 1938 في واشنطن العاصمة في الولايات المتحدة.
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| dbo:abstract | Truman Michelson (New Rochelle, 11 d'agost de 1879 - Washington DC, 26 de juliol de 1938) va ser un lingüista i antropòleg que va treballar des de 1910 fins a la seva mort per al Bureau of American Ethnology a la Smithsonian Institution. També va ocupar un lloc com a etnòleg a la Universitat George Washington de 1917 fins a 1932. Michelson estudià lingüística històrica indoeuropea a la Universitat Harvard, completant la seva tesi doctoral el 1904, continuant els estudis a les Universitats de Leipzig i Bonn el 1904-1905, i continuà estudiant amb Franz Boas. Després d'unir-se al Bureau of American Ethnology, Michelson començà un extensiu programa de recerca de camp sobre llengües ameríndies dels Estats Units. La major part de la recerca de Michelson es va centrar en les llengües algonquines. Les bibliografies de les seves publicacions estan disponibles a Boas (1938), Cooper (1939), i Pentland i Wolfart (1982). Va ser l'autor d'un influent estudi inicial classificant els idiomes algonquins, encara que una àmplia investigació ha superat enterament l'esforç pioner de Michelson. Gran part de la seva recerca es va centrar en el poble i la seva , del que en va sortir una extensa llista de publicacions sobre etnologia i lingüística fox. Michelson va utilitzar parlants nadius de la llengua per escriure històries fox en la versió fox del , resultant-ne una gran col·lecció de materials no publicats. Goddard (1991,1996) analitza el material en alguns d'aquests textos. Un text important d'aquest corpus, The Owl Sacred Pack, ha estat publicat recentment. Un dels textos obtinguts d'aquesta manera que Michelson publicà, The autobiography of a Fox Indian woman, ara està disponible en una edició més completa, amb una transcripció revisada del text original i anàlisi lingüística integral. Michelson també va ajudar en la preparació i la publicació pòstuma d'una sèrie de projectes de manuscrits inèdits posteriors a la mort prematura de William Jones. Entre ells hi havia: (a) una important col·lecció de dos volums de textos ojibwe amb traduccions que Jones havia obtingut al nord-oest d'Ontàrio a la reserva ojibwa , i prop del llac Nipigon, a més dels relats recollits al nord de Minnesota; (b) un volum de texts kickapoo; i (c) un article en fox per al primer Handbook of American Indian languages. També va realitzar investigacions de camp sobre, entre d'altres, arapaho; shawnee; peoria; kickapoo; i , dues ; notes recollides i textos en escriptura dels dialectes cree al Quebec i al nord d'Ontàrio; notes d' sobre els blackfoot i Xeiene; texts inuits del riu Great Whale, Quebec, i altres. Es troba disponible en línia una llista completa de tots els materials d'arxiu de Michelson a la National Anthropological Archives de la Smithsonian Institution. Michelson va participar en un debat important amb Edward Sapir a causa del seu rebuig a la proposta de Sapir que els idiomes algonquins estaven relacionats amb wiyot i yurok, dues llengües de Califòrnia, a través de la pertinença comuna a la família lingüística àlgica. Tot i que va criticar durament la proposta de Sapir, els vincles històrics entre algonquines, yurok i wiyot ara s'accepten com a indiscutibles. (ca) ترومان ميكلسون (بالإنجليزية: Truman Michelson) هو لغوي وعالم إنسان أمريكي، ولد في 11 أغسطس 1879 في نيو روتشيل في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 26 يوليو 1938 في واشنطن العاصمة في الولايات المتحدة. (ar) Truman Michelson (New Rochelle, 11 de agosto de 1879 – Washington D. C., 26 de julio de 1938) fue un lingüista y antropólogo estadounidense. Trabajó desde 1910 y hasta su muerte en el , en el Instituto Smithsoniano. También ocupó plaza de profesor en la Universidad George Washington de 1917 hasta 1932. (es) Truman Michelson (August 11, 1879 – July 26, 1938) was a linguist and anthropologist who worked from 1910 until his death for the Bureau of American Ethnology at the Smithsonian Institution. He also held a position as ethnologist at George Washington University from 1917 until 1932. Michelson studied Indo-European historical linguistics at Harvard University, completing his doctoral degree in 1904, with further study at the Universities of Leipzig and Bonn in 1904-1905, followed by study with Franz Boas. Soon after joining the Bureau of American Ethnology, Michelson began an extensive program of field research on North American Indian languages. Much of Michelson's research focused on languages of the Algonquian family. Bibliographies of his publications are available in Boas (1938), Cooper (1939), and Pentland and Wolfart (1982). He was the author of an early influential study classifying the Algonquian languages, although extensive further research has entirely superseded Michelson's pioneering effort. Much of his research focused on the Fox people and language, resulting in an extensive list of publications on Fox ethnology and linguistics. Michelson employed native speakers of the language to write Fox stories in the Fox version of the Great Lakes Algonquian syllabary, resulting in a large collection of unpublished materials. Goddard (1991, 1996) discusses the material in some of these texts. A significant text from this corpus, The Owl Sacred Pack, has recently been published. One of the texts obtained in this manner that Michelson did publish, The autobiography of a Fox Indian woman, is now available in a more complete edition, with a revised transcription of the original text and comprehensive linguistic analysis. Michelson also assisted in the posthumous preparation and publication of a number of draft manuscripts left unpublished after the premature death of William Jones. Among these were: (a) a significant two-volume collection of Ojibwe texts with translations that Jones had obtained in northwestern Ontario at Fort William Ojibwa reserve, and near Lake Nipigon, in addition to stories collected in northern Minnesota; (b) a volume of Kickapoo texts; and (c) an article on Fox for the first Handbook of American Indian languages. He also undertook field research on, among others, Arapaho; Shawnee; Peoria; Kickapoo; Munsee and Unami, the two closely related Delaware languages; collected notes and texts in the syllabic script from Cree dialects in Québec and northern Ontario; physical anthropology notes on Blackfoot and Cheyenne; Eskimo texts from Great Whale River, Québec, and others. A comprehensive list of all of Michelson’s archival materials in the National Anthropological Archives at the Smithsonian Institution is available online. Michelson was involved in a prominent debate with Edward Sapir because of his rejection of Sapir's proposal that the Algonquian languages were related to Wiyot and Yurok, two languages of California, through common membership in the Algic language family. Although he strongly criticized Sapir's proposal, the historical links between Algonquian, Yurok, and Wiyot are now accepted as being beyond dispute. (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | ترومان ميكلسون (بالإنجليزية: Truman Michelson) هو لغوي وعالم إنسان أمريكي، ولد في 11 أغسطس 1879 في نيو روتشيل في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 26 يوليو 1938 في واشنطن العاصمة في الولايات المتحدة. (ar) Truman Michelson (New Rochelle, 11 de agosto de 1879 – Washington D. C., 26 de julio de 1938) fue un lingüista y antropólogo estadounidense. Trabajó desde 1910 y hasta su muerte en el , en el Instituto Smithsoniano. También ocupó plaza de profesor en la Universidad George Washington de 1917 hasta 1932. (es) Truman Michelson (New Rochelle, 11 d'agost de 1879 - Washington DC, 26 de juliol de 1938) va ser un lingüista i antropòleg que va treballar des de 1910 fins a la seva mort per al Bureau of American Ethnology a la Smithsonian Institution. També va ocupar un lloc com a etnòleg a la Universitat George Washington de 1917 fins a 1932. Michelson estudià lingüística històrica indoeuropea a la Universitat Harvard, completant la seva tesi doctoral el 1904, continuant els estudis a les Universitats de Leipzig i Bonn el 1904-1905, i continuà estudiant amb Franz Boas. (ca) Truman Michelson (August 11, 1879 – July 26, 1938) was a linguist and anthropologist who worked from 1910 until his death for the Bureau of American Ethnology at the Smithsonian Institution. He also held a position as ethnologist at George Washington University from 1917 until 1932. Michelson studied Indo-European historical linguistics at Harvard University, completing his doctoral degree in 1904, with further study at the Universities of Leipzig and Bonn in 1904-1905, followed by study with Franz Boas. (en) |
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