Tudong (original) (raw)
Η Τουντόνγκ (επίσης γράφεται τουντούνγκ) είναι μαλαϊκή λέξη, που σημαίνει κυριολεκτικά "κάλυμμα", το οποίο συνήθως μεταφράζεται/αναφέρεται ως πέπλο ή μαντίλα. Στη Μαλαισία, τη Σιγκαπούρη και το Μπρουνέι το τουντόνγκ φοριέται σύμφωνα με την ισλαμική μαντίλα. Συνήθως, η τουντόνγκ καλύπτει τα μαλλιά, τα αυτιά, το λαιμό, αφήνοντας μόνο το πρόσωπο να εκτίθεται. Είναι μέρος του προτύπου ενδυματολογικού κώδικα για τα γραφεία, σχολικές στολές και επίσημες περιστάσεις. Στην Ινδονησία, η λέξη που αναλογεί περισσότερο με την μαλαϊκή λέξη τουντόνγκ είναι η "kerudung" ή "jilbab".
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| dbo:abstract | Η Τουντόνγκ (επίσης γράφεται τουντούνγκ) είναι μαλαϊκή λέξη, που σημαίνει κυριολεκτικά "κάλυμμα", το οποίο συνήθως μεταφράζεται/αναφέρεται ως πέπλο ή μαντίλα. Στη Μαλαισία, τη Σιγκαπούρη και το Μπρουνέι το τουντόνγκ φοριέται σύμφωνα με την ισλαμική μαντίλα. Συνήθως, η τουντόνγκ καλύπτει τα μαλλιά, τα αυτιά, το λαιμό, αφήνοντας μόνο το πρόσωπο να εκτίθεται. Είναι μέρος του προτύπου ενδυματολογικού κώδικα για τα γραφεία, σχολικές στολές και επίσημες περιστάσεις. Στην Ινδονησία, η λέξη που αναλογεί περισσότερο με την μαλαϊκή λέξη τουντόνγκ είναι η "kerudung" ή "jilbab". (el) التودونغ هي كلمة مأخُوذَة من لغة ملايو، وتعني حرفيًا «الغِطَاء»، والتي تُترجم عادة أو تُشير إلى الحجاب أو غطاء الرّأس في اللغة الإنجليزية. في ماليزيا وسنغافورة وبروناي، يُرتدي التودونغ وفقًا للحجاب الإسلامي. عادةً ما يغطّي التودونج الشعر والأذنين والرقبة مع ترك الوجه المكشُوف فقط. وهو جزء من معيار اللباس للمكاتب، مثل الزي المدرسي والمناسبات الرسمية. في إندونيسيا، يمثّلُ التودونغ شكلًا من أشكال الحجاب ذي قناع مُنحني مُخيط. في إندونيسيا، الكلمة الأكثر تشابهًا لكلمة تودونغ الماليزية هي "kerudung" أو «جلباب». (ar) The tudong (Indonesian: tudung, Jawi: تودوڠ) is a style of headscarf, worn as interpretation of the Islamic hijab, prevalent amongst many women (who are Muslim) in the Malay-speaking world; Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore. The term “tudong” or “tudung” is a Malay/Indonesian word, literally meaning the noun "cover", which is commonly translated/referred to as veil or headscarf in English, and is usually used to describe the headscarf in Malaysia, while in Indonesia it has been more common to call the tudung the kerudung or perhaps the jilbab. However, in recent years many speakers of Malay/Indonesian have simply began referring to the tudong/tudung/kerudung as the “hijab”, a loanword from Arabic that reflects the growing Arabic cultural influence on the practice of Islam in Southeast Asia. The tudung covers the hair, ears, and neck, with a sewn-in curved visor, leaving only the face exposed. The tudung is typically colourful, sporting bright colours such as pinks, yellows, blues, and greens, and is of a square Arabic-style hijab shape, though the tudung is much more colourful than hijab in the Middle East, and worn much more fashionably. In both Indonesia and Malaysia, a major fashion industry has blossomed around the tudung, with wide varieties of colours, styles, as well as the use of stylish buttoned raincoats such as the jilbab, long dresses, and accessories to complement the tudung. Many women also simply wear it with Western-style jeans and T-shirts, and make-up is also commonly worn alongside the tudung. The growth of social media has also allowed online tudung outlets such as Naelofa Hijab, Fareeda Tudung, SA Elegance, JelitaSARA, and Ariani to market the tudung to young Muslim women in the Malay-speaking world in an effort to remain both fashion-conscious and comply with modesty values in Islam, and many women attempt to emulate the latest tudung styles seen on celebrities in the Malay-speaking world. Today, the tudung forms part of the standard dress code for many offices in Indonesia and Malaysia, as well as in school uniforms and formal occasions. The tudung, despite its popularity in the Malay-speaking world, is not a traditional phenomenon, but instead a recent one. Its origins lie in the mid-to-late 1970s, when the Islamic Revival, fuelled by the rise of “Petro-Islam” and the buildup of the Iranian Revolution, began to emerge in the Middle East. Before this, interpretations of hijab varied amongst women in Malaysia and Indonesia, the most notable form being the Selendang, a patterned shawl-like scarf loosely draped around the shoulders or around the head, usually not covering the front of the hair or the ears. Before the late 1970s, the headscarf in general, even the Selendang, was something that was reserved for special occasions, such as during funerals or kenduris. Some offices and banks in those days would put up notices that prohibited women with headscarves, because they perceived the headscarf to make a woman look like a criminal. Wearing the headscarf was a rare and often shunned phenomenon, which even resulted in some women appearing on the front pages of newspapers for wearing it. At the time, resentment existed in the Malay-speaking world, most notably in Singapore, between Malay Muslims and Muslims of Arab, especially Yemeni origin, as they were seen as exploiting Malays. This resentment resulted in Malay communities shunning traditions considered “Arab” and “foreign” in nature, such as the headscarf. With the emergence of modern hijab styles, first worn by university students in the 1970s in Iran, the result of Ali Shariati’s “authenticity movement”, the use of the tudung emerged during the mid-to-late 1970s among reformist female Muslim university students studying in campuses in Middle East, but also to a lesser extent in the United States, England, and Australia. The tudung, a form of this “modern” variety of hijab, was intended to reaffirm these students’ identity as pious Muslims, to reject Western fashion in the way that Iranian women increasingly were, and to foster a sense of solidarity among themselves. This new form of Islamic dress would begin to also appear at Southeast Asian university campuses in the 1970s and was known as dakwah fashion (fesyen dakwah). After the Iranian Revolution (1978-1979) took place, the Islamic revival was brought to the centre of the Muslim world. The revolution captured the imagination of not only those from the Middle East but many Malaysian Muslims, where the tudung first emerged before later arriving in Indonesia. The tudung's arrival into the mainstream public space began in the early 1980s after the revolution, where it took inspiration from the chador by law imposed on Iranian women. Some of the female Muslim students who decided to cover themselves from head to toe ended up being expelled from their universities for refusing to reveal their faces for identification. By the mid-1980s, within six years of the Iranian Revolution and the Islamic revival in Malaysia, instead of being the minority, tudung-clad women were becoming the majority in institutions of higher learning, and in the civil service. By the end of the 1980s, the tudung had visibly replaced the Selendang in being the form of headscarf most commonly worn by women in Malaysia, spreading from university campuses to schools, workplaces and eventually to the kampongs. By the 1990s, the tudung had also been exported to Indonesia, where it became mainstream, the result of the two countries sharing Malay-language media and Arabic oil money (known as “Petro-Islam”) funded towards Islam in the two countries. Though initially considered a conservative form of dress, most Muslim women today wear it in Malaysia and Indonesia, even though the vast majority of these women consider themselves moderate or “modern” Muslims instead of conservative. In the Philippines, a tudong or talukbong (Tagalog) refers to the standard hijab as worn by Muslim women. The term is interchangeable with the standard Arabic term hijab (alternatively spelled hidyab in Filipino), and usually takes the form of the headwrap, visor-type, al-amira, khimar or niqab (face veil) types of veiling. Another term known as kombong (alternative spelling: combong), refers to the older style of headwrap hijab worn by Maranao, Iranun, and Maguindanao women with a semi-translucent shayla or malong (sarong) worn over the chest and drawn over the kombong for prayers, or for additional veiling when out of the house or familiar areas. Tudong, talukbong or kombong are the native Austronesian words and cognates with Malay and Indonesian tudung or kerudung for the hijab; and are commonly used in languages as spoken by Muslim Filipinos or Bangsamoros; including the three the Danao languages of Maranao, Maguindanao and Iranun; Kaagan; and Tausug, Yakan, and Sinama (Bajau). In Tagalog or Bisaya, the standard Arabic word of hijab, the native term talukbong, or the English terms of headscarf, veil, or scarf are commonly used by non-Muslims to refer to the tudong instead. (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Η Τουντόνγκ (επίσης γράφεται τουντούνγκ) είναι μαλαϊκή λέξη, που σημαίνει κυριολεκτικά "κάλυμμα", το οποίο συνήθως μεταφράζεται/αναφέρεται ως πέπλο ή μαντίλα. Στη Μαλαισία, τη Σιγκαπούρη και το Μπρουνέι το τουντόνγκ φοριέται σύμφωνα με την ισλαμική μαντίλα. Συνήθως, η τουντόνγκ καλύπτει τα μαλλιά, τα αυτιά, το λαιμό, αφήνοντας μόνο το πρόσωπο να εκτίθεται. Είναι μέρος του προτύπου ενδυματολογικού κώδικα για τα γραφεία, σχολικές στολές και επίσημες περιστάσεις. Στην Ινδονησία, η λέξη που αναλογεί περισσότερο με την μαλαϊκή λέξη τουντόνγκ είναι η "kerudung" ή "jilbab". (el) التودونغ هي كلمة مأخُوذَة من لغة ملايو، وتعني حرفيًا «الغِطَاء»، والتي تُترجم عادة أو تُشير إلى الحجاب أو غطاء الرّأس في اللغة الإنجليزية. في ماليزيا وسنغافورة وبروناي، يُرتدي التودونغ وفقًا للحجاب الإسلامي. عادةً ما يغطّي التودونج الشعر والأذنين والرقبة مع ترك الوجه المكشُوف فقط. وهو جزء من معيار اللباس للمكاتب، مثل الزي المدرسي والمناسبات الرسمية. في إندونيسيا، يمثّلُ التودونغ شكلًا من أشكال الحجاب ذي قناع مُنحني مُخيط. في إندونيسيا، الكلمة الأكثر تشابهًا لكلمة تودونغ الماليزية هي "kerudung" أو «جلباب». (ar) The tudong (Indonesian: tudung, Jawi: تودوڠ) is a style of headscarf, worn as interpretation of the Islamic hijab, prevalent amongst many women (who are Muslim) in the Malay-speaking world; Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore. The term “tudong” or “tudung” is a Malay/Indonesian word, literally meaning the noun "cover", which is commonly translated/referred to as veil or headscarf in English, and is usually used to describe the headscarf in Malaysia, while in Indonesia it has been more common to call the tudung the kerudung or perhaps the jilbab. However, in recent years many speakers of Malay/Indonesian have simply began referring to the tudong/tudung/kerudung as the “hijab”, a loanword from Arabic that reflects the growing Arabic cultural influence on the practice of Islam in South (en) |
| rdfs:label | تودونغ (حجاب) (ar) Τουντόνγκ (el) Tudungo (eo) Tudong (en) |
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