Turkoman invasions of Georgia (original) (raw)
After the devastating invasions by Timur and subsequent enfeeblement of the Kingdom of Georgia, it soon faced a new threat. Timur's death in 1405 marked the beginning of the end of his Empire, unified only by fear and blood of the subjected peoples. Turkomans, particularly the Kara Koyunlu clan, were among the first to rebel against Shah Rukh who ruled most of the Persia and Mawerannahr. Qara Yusuf, ruler of the Kara Koyunlu, defeated Shah Rukh, captured Baghdad, and repulsed Timurids from western Persia. After they established themselves as the new leading power in the middle east. They took advantage of the temporary weakness of the Georgians and launched attacks against them as early as 1407 during which Qara Yusuf took 15,000 prisoners and killed George VII of Georgia. Constantine I of
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| dbo:abstract | After the devastating invasions by Timur and subsequent enfeeblement of the Kingdom of Georgia, it soon faced a new threat. Timur's death in 1405 marked the beginning of the end of his Empire, unified only by fear and blood of the subjected peoples. Turkomans, particularly the Kara Koyunlu clan, were among the first to rebel against Shah Rukh who ruled most of the Persia and Mawerannahr. Qara Yusuf, ruler of the Kara Koyunlu, defeated Shah Rukh, captured Baghdad, and repulsed Timurids from western Persia. After they established themselves as the new leading power in the middle east. They took advantage of the temporary weakness of the Georgians and launched attacks against them as early as 1407 during which Qara Yusuf took 15,000 prisoners and killed George VII of Georgia. Constantine I of Georgia, fearing further encroachment, allied himself with the Shirvanshah Ibrahim I to counter Turkoman advance and engaged them in the Battle of Chalagan, in which he was defeated and taken captive. In captivity Constantine behaved very proudly, which infuriated Qara Yusuf to such an extent, that he ordered his, his half-brother David's and 300 Georgian nobles' execution. Alexander I of Georgia who sought to strengthen and restore his declining Kingdom, faced constant invasions by the tribal Turkomans. They sacked Akhaltsikhe, city of the vital regional importance in 1416, in response of suggested oppression of Muslims. Alexander re-conquered Lorri from the Turkomans in 1431, which was of great importance in securing of the Georgian borders. Around 1434/5, Alexander encouraged the Armenian prince Beshken II Orbelian to attack the Kara Koyunlu clansmen in Siunia and, for his victory, granted him Lorri under terms of vassalage. In 1440, Alexander refused to pay tribute to Jahan Shah of the Kara Koyunlu. In March, Jahan Shah surged into Georgia with 20,000 troops, destroyed the city of Samshvilde and sacked the capital city Tbilisi. He massacred 8,000 and enslaved 9,000 in Tbilisi, put heavy indemnity on Georgia, and returned to Tabriz. He also mounted a second military expedition against Georgia in 1444. His forces met those of Alexander’s successor, King Vakhtang IV at Akhaltsikhe, but the fighting was inconclusive and Jahan Shah returned to Tabriz once more. As a result of foreign and mostly internal struggles unified Kingdom of Georgia stopped to exist after 1466 and was subdivided into several political units. Kara Koyunlu tribal confederation was destroyed by Aq Qoyunlu, their kin tribesmen who formed another confederation, which was similar in many ways to its predecessor. Aq Qoyunlu Turkomans naturally took advantage of the Georgian fragmentation. Georgia was at least twice attacked by Uzun Hasan, the prince of the Aq Qoyunlu in 1466, 1472 and possibly 1476-7. Bagrat VI of Georgia, temporary ruler of most of Georgia at the time, had to make peace with the invaders, abandoning Tbilisi to the enemy. It was only after Uzun Hasan’s death (1478) when the Georgians were able to recover their capital. In the winter of 1488, the Ak Koyunlu Turkomans led by Sufi Khalil Beg Mawsilu attacked Georgia’s capital Tbilisi, and took the city after a long-lasted siege in February 1489. Alexander II of Imereti, another pretender to the throne, took advantage of the Aq Qoyunlu Turkoman invasion of Kartli, and seized control of Imereti. Occupation of the capital did not last long and Constantine II of Georgia was able to repel them, but it was still costly to Georgians. Ismail I, founder of the Safavid dynasty, formed an alliance with the Georgians in 1502 and decisively defeated Aq Qoyunlu in the same year, destroying their state and marking the end of their invasions. (en) |
| dbo:isPartOfMilitaryConflict | dbr:Aq_Qoyunlu dbr:Kara_Koyunlu |
| dbo:place | dbr:Caucasus dbr:Anatolia dbr:Iran |
| dbo:result | Turkoman Victory |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Caucasus_1450_map_de_alt.svg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 35483266 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 5285 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1120391449 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Qara_Yusuf dbr:Samshvilde dbr:Battle_of_Chalagan dbr:Constantine_I_of_Georgia dbc:Wars_involving_the_Kingdom_of_Georgia dbr:Alexander_II_of_Imereti dbr:Alexander_I_of_Georgia dbr:Constantine_II_of_Georgia dbr:Aq_Qoyunlu dbc:15th_century_in_the_Kingdom_of_Georgia dbc:Battles_involving_the_Kara_Koyunlu dbc:Battles_of_the_Aq_Qoyunlu dbr:Ibrahim_I_of_Shirvan dbc:16th-century_conflicts dbr:Caucasus dbr:Timur dbr:Timur's_invasions_of_Georgia dbr:Akhaltsikhe dbr:Anatolia dbc:15th-century_conflicts dbr:Iran dbr:Ismail_I dbr:Jahan_Shah dbr:Bagrat_VI_of_Georgia dbr:Tbilisi dbr:Kara_Koyunlu dbr:Tabriz dbr:George_VII_of_Georgia dbc:Invasions_of_Georgia_(country) dbr:Kingdom_of_Georgia dbr:Kingdom_of_Imereti dbr:Safavid_dynasty dbr:Vakhtang_IV_of_Georgia dbr:Sufi_Khalil_Beg_Mawsilu dbr:Transoxiana dbr:Uzun_Hasan dbr:Georgian_Kingdom dbr:Shah_Rukh_(Timurid_dynasty) |
| dbp:caption | Georgian Kingdom in 1460, bordering Kara Koyunlu to the south. (en) |
| dbp:conflict | Turkmen incursions into Georgia (en) |
| dbp:date | Throughout the 15th century (en) |
| dbp:partof | Kara Koyunlu, Aq Qoyunlu invasions (en) |
| dbp:place | Caucasus, eastern Anatolia, western Iran (en) |
| dbp:result | Turkoman Victory (en) |
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| dcterms:subject | dbc:Wars_involving_the_Kingdom_of_Georgia dbc:15th_century_in_the_Kingdom_of_Georgia dbc:Battles_involving_the_Kara_Koyunlu dbc:Battles_of_the_Aq_Qoyunlu dbc:16th-century_conflicts dbc:15th-century_conflicts dbc:Invasions_of_Georgia_(country) |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing schema:Event dul:Event dbo:SocietalEvent wikidata:Q1656682 dbo:Event dbo:MilitaryConflict |
| rdfs:comment | After the devastating invasions by Timur and subsequent enfeeblement of the Kingdom of Georgia, it soon faced a new threat. Timur's death in 1405 marked the beginning of the end of his Empire, unified only by fear and blood of the subjected peoples. Turkomans, particularly the Kara Koyunlu clan, were among the first to rebel against Shah Rukh who ruled most of the Persia and Mawerannahr. Qara Yusuf, ruler of the Kara Koyunlu, defeated Shah Rukh, captured Baghdad, and repulsed Timurids from western Persia. After they established themselves as the new leading power in the middle east. They took advantage of the temporary weakness of the Georgians and launched attacks against them as early as 1407 during which Qara Yusuf took 15,000 prisoners and killed George VII of Georgia. Constantine I of (en) |
| rdfs:label | Turkoman invasions of Georgia (en) |
| owl:sameAs | wikidata:Turkoman invasions of Georgia dbpedia-hr:Turkoman invasions of Georgia https://global.dbpedia.org/id/4werH |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Turkoman_invasions_of_Georgia?oldid=1120391449&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Caucasus_1450_map_de_alt.svg |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Turkoman_invasions_of_Georgia |
| foaf:name | Turkmen incursions into Georgia (en) |
| is dbo:isPartOfMilitaryConflict of | dbr:Battle_of_Chalagan |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:Oghuz_turks_incursions_into_Georgia dbr:Turkmen_incursions_into_Georgia dbr:Turkmen_invasions_of_Georgia |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Battle_of_Chalagan dbr:List_of_invasions dbr:Constantine_I_of_Georgia dbr:Alexander_II_of_Imereti dbr:Alexander_I_of_Georgia dbr:Oghuz_turks_incursions_into_Georgia dbr:Turkmen_incursions_into_Georgia dbr:Jahan_Shah dbr:Dmanisi dbr:Thomas_of_Metsoph dbr:Turkmen_invasions_of_Georgia |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Turkoman_invasions_of_Georgia |
