Photo-oxidation of polymers (original) (raw)
Photooxidationen sind Oxidationsreaktionen, die durch Licht ausgelöst werden. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit der Oxidation hängt dabei neben anderen Parametern entscheidend von der Lichtabsorption der oxidierten Spezies ab.
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| dbo:abstract | Photooxidationen sind Oxidationsreaktionen, die durch Licht ausgelöst werden. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit der Oxidation hängt dabei neben anderen Parametern entscheidend von der Lichtabsorption der oxidierten Spezies ab. (de) In polymer chemistry photo-oxidation (sometimes: oxidative photodegradation) is the degradation of a polymer surface due to the combined action of light and oxygen. It is the most significant factor in the weathering of plastics. Photo-oxidation causes the polymer chains to break (chain scission), resulting in the material becoming increasingly brittle. This leads to mechanical failure and, at an advanced stage, the formation of microplastics. In textiles the process is called phototendering. Technologies have been developed to both accelerate and inhibit this process. For example, plastic building components like doors, window frames and gutters are expected to last for decades, requiring the use of advanced UV-polymer stabilizers. Conversely, single-use plastics can be treated with biodegradable additives to accelerate their fragmentation.Many pigments and dyes can similarly have effects due to their ability to absorb UV-energy. (en) La photodégradation des polymères, appelée parfois photo-oxydation des polymères ou plus simplement photo-oxydation, est une détérioration moléculaire de ce dernier due à son exposition à des rayonnements surtout ultraviolets (UV). Le polymère ainsi détérioré peut se fissurer ou se désintégrer. Le problème est commun dans les produits exposés à la lumière du soleil. L'exposition continue est un problème plus sérieux que l'exposition intermittente, car l'attaque dépend de l'étendue et du degré d'exposition. (fr) Foto-oxidação é a degradação de uma superfície de polímero, na presença de oxigênio ou ozônio. O efeito é facilitado por energia radiante tais como raios UV ou luz artificial. Este processo é o fator mais significativo nas intempéries de polímeros. Foto-oxidação é uma alteração química que reduz o peso molecular do polímero. Como consequência desta alteração o material torna-se mais frágil, com uma redução na sua resistência à tração, impacto e alongamento. Descoloração e perda de suavidade da superfície acompanham a foto-oxidação. Alta temperatura e concentrações de tensões localizadas são fatores que aumentam significativamente o efeito de foto-oxidação. (pt) Фотооксидація (англ. photooxidation, рос. фотоокисление): 1. Втрата одного чи більше електронів (оксидація) фотозбудженими молекулами речовини. Може вiдбуватися внаслiдок внутрi- або мiжмолекулярного фотопереносу електрона, вiдриву атома H, приєднання кисню до збуджених молекул та ін.2. Реакція субстанції з реактивними кисневмісними частинками (•ОН, НОО•, Н2О2, 1О2) під дією світла (коли атом кисню переходить при цьому в субстрат, то така реакція є фотооксигенацією). Сюди не відносяться реакції фотоініційованого окиснення. (uk) |
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| dbp:align | right (en) |
| dbp:caption | Active principle of the ultraviolet absorption via a photochromic transition (en) Bisoctrizole: A phenolic benzotriazole based UV absorber used to protect polymers (en) |
| dbp:direction | vertical (en) |
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| gold:hypernym | dbr:Degradation |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing |
| rdfs:comment | Photooxidationen sind Oxidationsreaktionen, die durch Licht ausgelöst werden. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit der Oxidation hängt dabei neben anderen Parametern entscheidend von der Lichtabsorption der oxidierten Spezies ab. (de) La photodégradation des polymères, appelée parfois photo-oxydation des polymères ou plus simplement photo-oxydation, est une détérioration moléculaire de ce dernier due à son exposition à des rayonnements surtout ultraviolets (UV). Le polymère ainsi détérioré peut se fissurer ou se désintégrer. Le problème est commun dans les produits exposés à la lumière du soleil. L'exposition continue est un problème plus sérieux que l'exposition intermittente, car l'attaque dépend de l'étendue et du degré d'exposition. (fr) Foto-oxidação é a degradação de uma superfície de polímero, na presença de oxigênio ou ozônio. O efeito é facilitado por energia radiante tais como raios UV ou luz artificial. Este processo é o fator mais significativo nas intempéries de polímeros. Foto-oxidação é uma alteração química que reduz o peso molecular do polímero. Como consequência desta alteração o material torna-se mais frágil, com uma redução na sua resistência à tração, impacto e alongamento. Descoloração e perda de suavidade da superfície acompanham a foto-oxidação. Alta temperatura e concentrações de tensões localizadas são fatores que aumentam significativamente o efeito de foto-oxidação. (pt) Фотооксидація (англ. photooxidation, рос. фотоокисление): 1. Втрата одного чи більше електронів (оксидація) фотозбудженими молекулами речовини. Може вiдбуватися внаслiдок внутрi- або мiжмолекулярного фотопереносу електрона, вiдриву атома H, приєднання кисню до збуджених молекул та ін.2. Реакція субстанції з реактивними кисневмісними частинками (•ОН, НОО•, Н2О2, 1О2) під дією світла (коли атом кисню переходить при цьому в субстрат, то така реакція є фотооксигенацією). Сюди не відносяться реакції фотоініційованого окиснення. (uk) In polymer chemistry photo-oxidation (sometimes: oxidative photodegradation) is the degradation of a polymer surface due to the combined action of light and oxygen. It is the most significant factor in the weathering of plastics. Photo-oxidation causes the polymer chains to break (chain scission), resulting in the material becoming increasingly brittle. This leads to mechanical failure and, at an advanced stage, the formation of microplastics. In textiles the process is called phototendering. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Photooxidation (de) Photodégradation d'un polymère (fr) Photo-oxidation of polymers (en) Foto-oxidação (pt) Фотооксидація (uk) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Polymer_stabilizers |
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