War of ideas (original) (raw)
意識型態戰爭，或理念戰爭，是指理念、信念、意识形态或概念的冲突或分歧。 國家或政治組織，會通過这些冲突或战略，利用战略影响力来促进利益。这场冲突的“战斗空间”是目标人群的“心理”，而“武器”可以包括智囊团、电视节目、报纸文章、互联网、博客、政府正式政策文件、传统知识等、外交、公共外交和/或广播。
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| dbo:abstract | الغزو الفكري هو تضارب أو اختلاف في الأفكار أو الأيديولوجيات أو المفاهيم المتعارضة، التي تستخدمها بعض الدول أو المنظمات لدعم مصالحها الخارجية. إن «قلوب وعقول» الناس المستهدفة هي «ساحة المعركة» لهذا التضارب، بينما يمكن للأسلحة أن تدمر كل من -من بين مصادر أخرى– مراكز الفكر، والبرامج التلفزيونية أو الإذاعية، والمقالات الصحفية، والإنترنت، والمدونات، وأوراق السياسات الحكومية الرسمية، والدبلوماسية التقليدية، والدبلوماسية العامة. حدد أنتوليو ج. إيكيفاريا، مدير الأبحاث في في «حرب الأفكار» في كتابه حروب الأفكار بأنها: تصادم الأفكار والمفاهيم والصور، وبالأخص تفسير هذه المفاهيم؛ إنها حروب فعلية، رغم أن العنف الجسدي قد يكون معدومًا، لأنها تخدم مصالح سياسية أو اجتماعية أو ثقافية أو اقتصادية، وهذه المصالح تنطوي على نوايا أو أعمال عدائية. توجد أربع فئات تتكلم حول القوة والنفوذ، مثل الحروب على الأراضي والموارد المائية، وتكون مخاطر هذه الفئات عالية على الناس المستهدفة فكريًا. وعادةً، تشمل هذه الفئات الآتي: المناقشات الفكرية. الحروب الأيدولوجية. غزو فكري على العقيدة الدينية. الحملات الإعلانية. (ar) Una guerra de ideas es un choque o desacuerdo de ideas opuestas, de ideologías, o conceptos a través de los cuales las naciones o grupos de países utilizan la influencia estratégica para promover sus intereses en el exterior. El "espacio de batalla" de este conflicto es el "ganar corazones y mentes de la población objetivo", mientras que las "armas" pueden incluir, entre otras fuentes, Think tanks, programas de televisión, periódicos artículos, Internet, blogs, documentos oficiales de política del gobierno, diplomacia tradicional, y/o emisiones de radio. , director de investigación del de la definió la "guerra de ideas" en su libro Wars of Ideas and The War of Ideas como: ...un choque de visiones, conceptos e imágenes y, especialmente, la interpretación de las mismas. Son, de hecho, guerras genuinas, aunque la violencia física pueda ser mínima, porque tienen un propósito político, sociocultural o económico, e involucran intenciones hostiles o actos hostiles... Cuatro categorías generales [incluyen].. .(a) debates intelectuales, (b) guerras ideológicas, (c) guerras por dogmas religiosos, y (d) campañas publicitarias. Todos ellos tienen que ver esencialmente con el poder y la influencia, al igual que con las guerras por el territorio y los recursos materiales, y lo que está en juego puede ser muy alto. (es) A war of ideas is a clash or disagreement of opposing ideas, ideologies, or concepts through which nations or groups use strategic influence to promote their interests abroad. The "battle space" of this conflict is the target population's "hearts and minds", while the "weapons" can include - among other sources - think tanks, TV programs, newspaper articles, the internet, blogs, official government policy papers, traditional diplomacy, public diplomacy and/or radio broadcasts. Antulio J. Echevarria, the director of research at the Strategic Studies Institute at the U.S. Army War College defined the "war of ideas" in his book Wars of Ideas and The War of Ideas as: ... a clash of visions, concepts, and images, and – especially – the interpretation of them. They are, indeed, genuine wars, even though the physical violence might be minimal, because they serve a political, socio-cultural, or economic purpose, and they involve hostile intentions or hostile acts ... Four general categories [include] ... (a) intellectual debates, (b) ideological wars, (c) wars over religious dogma, and (d) advertising campaigns. All of them are essentially about power and influence, just as with wars over territory and material resources, and their stakes can run very high indeed. (en) 意識型態戰爭，或理念戰爭，是指理念、信念、意识形态或概念的冲突或分歧。 國家或政治組織，會通過这些冲突或战略，利用战略影响力来促进利益。这场冲突的“战斗空间”是目标人群的“心理”，而“武器”可以包括智囊团、电视节目、报纸文章、互联网、博客、政府正式政策文件、传统知识等、外交、公共外交和/或广播。 (zh) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://ww.dni.gov/press_releases/20051011_release.htm http://www.securefreedomradio.org/ http://www.thewarofideas.net/index.html http://www.marshallcenter.org/mcpublicweb/MCDocs/files/College/F_Publications/occPapers/occ-papepdfr_20-en http://www.ndu.edu/inss/Press/jfq_pages/editions/i45/24.pdf http://www.csis-scrs.gc.ca/en/itac/itacdocs/2007-2.asp http://www.publicdiplomacy.org/85.htm http://www.nationalinterest.org/Article.aspx%3Fid=11524 http://mercury.ethz.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/90824/ipublicationdocument_singledocument/64dda047-4d8b-4163-8479-79b9eee5a655/en/Wars_Ideas.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20160826215022/http:/mercury.ethz.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/90824/ipublicationdocument_singledocument/64dda047-4d8b-4163-8479-79b9eee5a655/en/Wars_Ideas.pdf https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/11/us/sept-11-reckoning/roundtable.html%3Fhpw https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/newswar/video1.html https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/15/AR2006041501130_pf.html https://www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv=1utTHAJfdBM https://www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv=oJoAqOonbwY |
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| dbp:author | dbr:John_Maynard_Keynes Scott Malcomson (en) Victor Marie Hugo (en) Antulio Joseph Echevarria (en) Speaker of the House, Newt Gingrich (en) |
| dbp:source | 2008 (xsd:integer) 0001-11-15 (xsd:gMonthDay) 2011-09-07 (xsd:date) 2011-09-11 (xsd:date) Thomas E. Mann and Norm Ornstein (en) The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money , chapter xxiv (en) Strategic Studies Institute of the US Army War College (en) Conclusion, ch. X. Trans. T.H. Joyce and Arthur Locker; written 1852, published 1877 (en) |
| dbp:text | 0001-09-11 (xsd:gMonthDay) Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld was the administration's epistemologist, worrying over the question of knowability; Bernard Lewis was its historian, Paul Wolfowitz its moralist in arms. That America's actions after 9/11 almost all took place far from home, with a professional army, strengthened this sense of abstraction. The possibility of anything like victory over our enemies was discounted early on . Little wonder that, unlike in earlier wars, we have talked so much about what this conflict means, rather than simply working to end it as soon as possible (en) [o]pposing sides seldom change their positions based on the introduction of new evidence, or new ways of evaluating existing evidence. Thus, wars of ideas are rarely settled on the merits of the ideas themselves. Instead, they tend to drag on, unless an event occurs that causes the belligerents to focus their attention elsewhere . (en) It is important to note, for instance, that because ideas are interpreted subjectively, it is not likely that opposing parties will "win" each other over by means of an ideational campaign alone. Hence, physical events, whether intended or incidental, typically play determining roles in the ways wars of ideas unfold, and how they are end. Thus, while the act of communicating strategically remains a vital part of any war of ideas, we need to manage our expectations as far as what it can accomplish. (en) The Heritage Foundation is without question the most far-reaching conservative organization in the country in the war of ideas, and one that has had a tremendous impact not just in Washington, but literally across the planet. (en) The ideas of economists and political philosophers, both when they are right and when they are wrong, are more powerful than is commonly understood. Indeed, the world is ruled by little else. Practical men, who believe themselves to be quite exempt from any intellectual influences, are usually the slaves of some defunct economist. Madmen in authority, who hear voices in the air, are distilling their frenzy from some academic scribbler of a few years back. (en) The extreme and asymmetric partisan polarization that has evolved over several decades, initially reflecting increasing ideological differences but then extending well beyond issues that ordinarily divide the parties to advance strategic electoral interests, fits uneasily with a set of governing institutions that puts up substantial barriers to majority rule. To improve that fit—either by producing less polarized combatants or by making political institutions and practices more responsive to parliamentary-like parties—we as a people need to think about ambitious reforms of electoral rules and governing arrangements. The former can include, for example, focusing more on the demand side of campaign finance than on the supply side. (en) One resists the invasion of armies; one does not resist the invasion of ideas. (en) |
| dbp:title | (en) New York Times Magazine (en) A Decade of War. (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | 意識型態戰爭，或理念戰爭，是指理念、信念、意识形态或概念的冲突或分歧。 國家或政治組織，會通過这些冲突或战略，利用战略影响力来促进利益。这场冲突的“战斗空间”是目标人群的“心理”，而“武器”可以包括智囊团、电视节目、报纸文章、互联网、博客、政府正式政策文件、传统知识等、外交、公共外交和/或广播。 (zh) الغزو الفكري هو تضارب أو اختلاف في الأفكار أو الأيديولوجيات أو المفاهيم المتعارضة، التي تستخدمها بعض الدول أو المنظمات لدعم مصالحها الخارجية. إن «قلوب وعقول» الناس المستهدفة هي «ساحة المعركة» لهذا التضارب، بينما يمكن للأسلحة أن تدمر كل من -من بين مصادر أخرى– مراكز الفكر، والبرامج التلفزيونية أو الإذاعية، والمقالات الصحفية، والإنترنت، والمدونات، وأوراق السياسات الحكومية الرسمية، والدبلوماسية التقليدية، والدبلوماسية العامة. حدد أنتوليو ج. إيكيفاريا، مدير الأبحاث في في «حرب الأفكار» في كتابه حروب الأفكار بأنها: المناقشات الفكرية. الحروب الأيدولوجية. غزو فكري على العقيدة الدينية. (ar) Una guerra de ideas es un choque o desacuerdo de ideas opuestas, de ideologías, o conceptos a través de los cuales las naciones o grupos de países utilizan la influencia estratégica para promover sus intereses en el exterior. El "espacio de batalla" de este conflicto es el "ganar corazones y mentes de la población objetivo", mientras que las "armas" pueden incluir, entre otras fuentes, Think tanks, programas de televisión, periódicos artículos, Internet, blogs, documentos oficiales de política del gobierno, diplomacia tradicional, y/o emisiones de radio. (es) A war of ideas is a clash or disagreement of opposing ideas, ideologies, or concepts through which nations or groups use strategic influence to promote their interests abroad. The "battle space" of this conflict is the target population's "hearts and minds", while the "weapons" can include - among other sources - think tanks, TV programs, newspaper articles, the internet, blogs, official government policy papers, traditional diplomacy, public diplomacy and/or radio broadcasts. (en) |
| rdfs:label | غزو فكري (ar) Guerra de ideas (es) War of ideas (en) 意識形態戰爭 (zh) |
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