X-ray scattering techniques (original) (raw)
La diffusion des rayons X (X-ray scattering en anglais) est une technique d'analyse basée sur la diffusion des ondes de rayons X par une substance. Alors que la diffraction des rayons X ne peut être utilisée qu'avec des substances cristallines, la diffusion des rayons X peut être utilisée pour des substances cristallines ou amorphes. La diffusion des rayons X est basée sur l'interaction des rayons X avec les électrons des atomes.
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| dbo:abstract | تقنيات تشتت الأشعة السينية هي عائلة من تقنيات التحليل الغير مدمرة التي تكشف معلومات عن شكل البلورة، التكوين الكيميائي، والخصائص الفيزيائية للمواد والأغشية الرقيقة.هذه التقنيات مبنية على أساس رصد شدة الأشعة المشتتة من حزمة الأشعة السينية بعد توجيهها للعينة كعلاقة بين زاوية السقوط وزاوية التشتت، الاستقطاب، والطول الموجي أو الطاقة. حيود الأشعة السينية تعتبر مجموعة فرعية من تشتت الأشعة السينية، حيث التشتت مرن والمادة التي سببت التشتت بلورية، بحيث ينتج عن ذلك نمط يحتوي على بقع حادة يتم تحليلها بواسطة الصورة الناتجة عن الأشعة السينية (كما في الشكل). غير أن كلا من التشتت والحيود ظاهرتان عامتان ومرتبطتان والتمييز بينهما لم يكن موجود دائما. والدليل نص جوينير الكلاسيكي من عام 1963 بعنوان «حيود الأشعة السينية في البلورات، البلورات المشوهة والأجسام ذات الأشكال غير المنتظمة» بالتالي 'الحيود' من الواضح لم يكن يقتصر على البلورات في ذلك الوقت. (ar) La diffusion des rayons X (X-ray scattering en anglais) est une technique d'analyse basée sur la diffusion des ondes de rayons X par une substance. Alors que la diffraction des rayons X ne peut être utilisée qu'avec des substances cristallines, la diffusion des rayons X peut être utilisée pour des substances cristallines ou amorphes. La diffusion des rayons X est basée sur l'interaction des rayons X avec les électrons des atomes. (fr) La diffrazione dei raggi X è una delle tecniche più importanti per lo studio dei solidi cristallini. (it) X-ray scattering techniques are a family of non-destructive analytical techniques which reveal information about the crystal structure, chemical composition, and physical properties of materials and thin films. These techniques are based on observing the scattered intensity of an X-ray beam hitting a sample as a function of incident and scattered angle, polarization, and wavelength or energy. Note that X-ray diffraction is now often considered a sub-set of X-ray scattering, where the scattering is elastic and the scattering object is crystalline, so that the resulting pattern contains sharp spots analyzed by X-ray crystallography (as in the Figure). However, both scattering and diffraction are related general phenomena and the distinction has not always existed. Thus Guinier's classic text from 1963 is titled "X-ray diffraction in Crystals, Imperfect Crystals and Amorphous Bodies" so 'diffraction' was clearly not restricted to crystals at that time. (en) Técnicas de espalhamento de raios X são uma família de técnicas analíticas não destrutivas o qual revela informações sobre a estrutura dos cristais, composições químicas, propriedades físicas dos materiais e filmes estreitos. Essas técnicas são baseadas em observações da intensidade de espalhamento dos feixes de raio X que atingem uma amostra como uma função da incidência, ângulo de espalhamento, polarização e comprimento de onda ou energia. A difração de raios X é geralmente considerado um subconjunto do espalhamento de raios X, onde o espalhamento elástico de um objeto cristalino tem como resultado padrões contendo pontos estreitos analisados por cristalografia de raios X (como mostrado na figura). Entretanto, ambos espalhamento e difração são fenômenos que estão relacionados e sua distinção nem sempre pode ser feita. Desta maneira, o clássico texto de Guinier de 1963 titulado por "Difração de raios X em cristais, cristais imperfeitos e corpos amorfos", diz respeito à difração que não estava claramente restrita aos cristais naquele momento. (pt) X光散射技术或X射线衍射技术（英語：X-ray scattering techniques）是一系列常用的非破壞性分析技術，可用於揭示物質的晶體結構、化學組成以及物理性質。这些技术都是以观测X射线穿过样品后的散射强度为基础，并根据散射角度、极化度和入射X光波长对实验结果进行分析。X光散射技术可在許多不同的條件下進行分析，例如不同的溫度或壓力。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | La diffusion des rayons X (X-ray scattering en anglais) est une technique d'analyse basée sur la diffusion des ondes de rayons X par une substance. Alors que la diffraction des rayons X ne peut être utilisée qu'avec des substances cristallines, la diffusion des rayons X peut être utilisée pour des substances cristallines ou amorphes. La diffusion des rayons X est basée sur l'interaction des rayons X avec les électrons des atomes. (fr) La diffrazione dei raggi X è una delle tecniche più importanti per lo studio dei solidi cristallini. (it) X光散射技术或X射线衍射技术（英語：X-ray scattering techniques）是一系列常用的非破壞性分析技術，可用於揭示物質的晶體結構、化學組成以及物理性質。这些技术都是以观测X射线穿过样品后的散射强度为基础，并根据散射角度、极化度和入射X光波长对实验结果进行分析。X光散射技术可在許多不同的條件下進行分析，例如不同的溫度或壓力。 (zh) تقنيات تشتت الأشعة السينية هي عائلة من تقنيات التحليل الغير مدمرة التي تكشف معلومات عن شكل البلورة، التكوين الكيميائي، والخصائص الفيزيائية للمواد والأغشية الرقيقة.هذه التقنيات مبنية على أساس رصد شدة الأشعة المشتتة من حزمة الأشعة السينية بعد توجيهها للعينة كعلاقة بين زاوية السقوط وزاوية التشتت، الاستقطاب، والطول الموجي أو الطاقة. (ar) X-ray scattering techniques are a family of non-destructive analytical techniques which reveal information about the crystal structure, chemical composition, and physical properties of materials and thin films. These techniques are based on observing the scattered intensity of an X-ray beam hitting a sample as a function of incident and scattered angle, polarization, and wavelength or energy. (en) Técnicas de espalhamento de raios X são uma família de técnicas analíticas não destrutivas o qual revela informações sobre a estrutura dos cristais, composições químicas, propriedades físicas dos materiais e filmes estreitos. Essas técnicas são baseadas em observações da intensidade de espalhamento dos feixes de raio X que atingem uma amostra como uma função da incidência, ângulo de espalhamento, polarização e comprimento de onda ou energia. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | تقنيات تشتت الأشعة السينية (ar) Diffusion des rayons X (fr) Diffrazione dei raggi X (it) Técnicas de espalhamento de raios X (pt) X-ray scattering techniques (en) X光散射技术 (zh) |
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