Yo-yo de-spin (original) (raw)
Le yoyo est, en astronautique, un couple de masses attachées à des filins qu'un engin spatial libère, en fin de phase de propulsion, pour arrêter sa rotation.
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| dbo:abstract | Der Yo-yo de-spin (von englisch to de-spin, wörtlich ‚Eigenrotation abbauen‘, übertragen ‚raumfest machen‘ oder ‚stabilisieren‘) beschreibt einen Vorgang zur Bewegungsstabilisierung, der häufig bei künstlichen Satelliten oder Höhenforschungsraketen kurz nach dem Start erfolgt. Er dient dazu, die Spinstabilisierung des Objekts durch Jo-jos zu verringern oder nahezu zum Erliegen zu bringen. Das dabei verwendete Instrument besteht aus einem oder mehreren Kabeln, die in oder an der Außenhaut des zu stabilisierenden Objekts angebracht sind. Das eine Ende eines jeden Kabels kann mit einem zusätzlichen Gewicht versehen sein. Bei dem Vorgang wird das häufig mit einem Gewicht versehene Ende durch einen eingebauten Mechanismus ausgelöst und das Kabel entfaltet oder entwindet sich. Dadurch vergrößert sich der Radius des Objekts, was eine Verlangsamung der Eigenrotation bewirkt (Drehimpulserhaltung). Die Stabilisierung erfolgt weitestgehend nur dann, wenn gleichzeitig kein Schub durch Triebwerke erzeugt wird. (de) Le yoyo est, en astronautique, un couple de masses attachées à des filins qu'un engin spatial libère, en fin de phase de propulsion, pour arrêter sa rotation. (fr) A yo-yo de-spin mechanism is a device used to reduce the spin of satellites, typically soon after launch. It consists of two lengths of cable with weights on the ends. The cables are wrapped around the final stage and/or satellite, in the manner of a double yo-yo. When the weights are released, the spin of the rocket flings them away from the spin axis. This transfers enough angular momentum to the weights to reduce the spin of the satellite to the desired value. Subsequently, the weights are often released. De-spin is needed since some final stages are spin-stabilized, and require fairly rapid rotation (now typically 30-60 rpm; some early missions, such as Pioneer, rotated at over 600 rpm) to remain stable during firing. (See, for example, the Star 48, a solid fuel rocket motor.) After firing, the satellite cannot be simply released, since such a spin rate is beyond the capability of the satellite's attitude control. Therefore, after rocket firing but before satellite release, the yo-yo weights are used to reduce the spin rates to something the satellite can cope with in normal operation (often 2-5 RPM). Yo-yo de-spin systems are commonly used on NASA sub-orbital sounding rocket flights, as the vehicles are spin stabilized through ascent and have minimal flight time for roll cancellation using the payload's attitude control system. As an example of yo-yo de-spin, on the Dawn spacecraft, roughly 3 kg of weights, and 12 meter cables, reduced the initial spin rate of the 1420 kg spacecraft from 46 RPM to 3 RPM in the opposite direction. The relatively small weights have a large effect since they are far from the spin axis, and their effect increases as the square of the length of the cables. Yo-yo de-spin was invented, built, and tested at Caltech's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Yo-yo hardware can contribute to the space debris problem on orbital missions, but this is not a problem when used on the upper stages of earth escape missions such as Dawn, as the cables and weights are also on an escape trajectory. (en) ヨーヨー・デスピン（英語: yo-yo de-spin）とは、宇宙機で用いられる回転を減らす手法。装置はヨーヨー・デスピナーという。 (ja) Un sistema di despinning a yo-yo è un apparato utilizzato per ridurre la rotazione attorno all'asse che ha momento d'inerzia massimo nei satelliti, di solito subito dopo la messa in orbita di questi ultimi. In questo video è illustrato il momento dell'accensione del Payload Assist Module (PAM-D), l'ultimo stadio del lanciatore Delta II che ha spedito in orbita la sonda Phoenix Mars Lander. Dopo l'inizio della rotazione, lo stadio è acceso per il tempo necessario, quindi spento, rallentato nella sua rotazione tramite un sistema a yo-yo e infine sganciato dalla sonda. (it) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19620006811_1962006811.pdf https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19630004528_1963004528.pdf |
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| rdfs:comment | Le yoyo est, en astronautique, un couple de masses attachées à des filins qu'un engin spatial libère, en fin de phase de propulsion, pour arrêter sa rotation. (fr) ヨーヨー・デスピン（英語: yo-yo de-spin）とは、宇宙機で用いられる回転を減らす手法。装置はヨーヨー・デスピナーという。 (ja) Un sistema di despinning a yo-yo è un apparato utilizzato per ridurre la rotazione attorno all'asse che ha momento d'inerzia massimo nei satelliti, di solito subito dopo la messa in orbita di questi ultimi. In questo video è illustrato il momento dell'accensione del Payload Assist Module (PAM-D), l'ultimo stadio del lanciatore Delta II che ha spedito in orbita la sonda Phoenix Mars Lander. Dopo l'inizio della rotazione, lo stadio è acceso per il tempo necessario, quindi spento, rallentato nella sua rotazione tramite un sistema a yo-yo e infine sganciato dalla sonda. (it) Der Yo-yo de-spin (von englisch to de-spin, wörtlich ‚Eigenrotation abbauen‘, übertragen ‚raumfest machen‘ oder ‚stabilisieren‘) beschreibt einen Vorgang zur Bewegungsstabilisierung, der häufig bei künstlichen Satelliten oder Höhenforschungsraketen kurz nach dem Start erfolgt. Er dient dazu, die Spinstabilisierung des Objekts durch Jo-jos zu verringern oder nahezu zum Erliegen zu bringen. Die Stabilisierung erfolgt weitestgehend nur dann, wenn gleichzeitig kein Schub durch Triebwerke erzeugt wird. (de) A yo-yo de-spin mechanism is a device used to reduce the spin of satellites, typically soon after launch. It consists of two lengths of cable with weights on the ends. The cables are wrapped around the final stage and/or satellite, in the manner of a double yo-yo. When the weights are released, the spin of the rocket flings them away from the spin axis. This transfers enough angular momentum to the weights to reduce the spin of the satellite to the desired value. Subsequently, the weights are often released. Yo-yo de-spin was invented, built, and tested at Caltech's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Yo-yo de-spin (de) Yoyo (astronautique) (fr) Sistema di despinning a yo-yo (it) ヨーヨー・デスピン (ja) Yo-yo de-spin (en) |
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