| dbo:abstract |
The Yunjing (traditional Chinese: 韻鏡; simplified Chinese: 韵镜; lit. 'Mirror of Rhymes') is one of the two oldest existing examples of a Chinese rhyme table – a series of charts which arrange Chinese characters in large tables according to their tone and syllable structures to indicate their proper pronunciations. Current versions of the Yunjing date to AD 1161 and 1203 editions published by Zhang Linzhi (張麟之). The original author(s) and date of composition of the Yunjing are unknown. Some of its elements, such as certain choices in its ordering, reflect features particular to the Tang dynasty, but no conclusive proof of an actual date of composition has yet been found. The Yunjing contains 43 tables (Chinese: 轉; pinyin: zhuǎn; lit. 'turnings'), each of which tabulates combinations of a particular final rhyme (listed in rows) with various initials (listed in columns), in up to four tones, to show in a grid pattern all possible syllables. Empty circles on the grid denote that the author(s) were unaware of any word with that particular pronunciation. By locating a character in Yunjing, a reader could identify its initial consonant (by looking at its column) and its "rhyme", or main vowel and ending consonant (by looking at its row), and combine the two to obtain the word's pronunciation. Zhang Linzhi's prefaces list a total of 36 possible initial consonants (Chinese: 聲母; pinyin: shēngmǔ) – by comparison, modern Standard Mandarin only has 23 and modern Cantonese only has 18 or 19. Historical Chinese phonology uses the Yunjing as an accurate representation of Late Middle Chinese (10th – 12th century) phonology. The Yunjing's use of this system represents a significant advancement in the Chinese' analysis of their own language, and is believed to have been inspired by their studies of Sanskrit phonological treatises and Buddhist mantras written in the Siddham script during the Sui and Tang dynasties. (en) 韻鏡（いんきょう）とは等韻図の一つ。現存する最古の韻図である。『切韻』系韻書の音韻体系を巧みに図式化しており、中古音の復元に際して参考とされることが多い。 (ja) 《韻鏡》是現存最古的韻圖，作者不詳，推測成書於五代時期。北宋時因避宋太祖祖父諱而改名"韻鑑"。南宋張麟之校正刊行（初刊1161年、第二刊1197年、第三刊1203年）。傳入日本後受日本學者詳細研究，產生所謂“韻鏡學”。 汉语音韵学研究一般将《韵镜》视作晚期中古汉语(10至12世纪)音韵的精确反映。《韵镜》的体例本身就代表着这一时期中国人对自身语言的认识的一次飞跃，据信受到了隋唐时期传入中国的梵语音韵论述和悉昙文曼怛罗作品的影响。 (zh) |
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wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Yunjing_title_page.jpg?width=300 |
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http://ctext.org/library.pl%3Fif=en&res=80898 https://archive.org/details/02077186.cn |
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dbr:Cantonese dbr:Sanskrit dbr:Molar_(tooth) dbr:Semivowel dbc:Song_dynasty dbr:Qiyin_lüe dbr:Edwin_G._Pulleyblank dbc:Middle_Chinese dbr:Chinese_Text_Project dbr:Siddhaṃ_script dbr:Sui_dynasty dbc:Traditional_Chinese_phonology dbr:Four_tones_(Middle_Chinese) dbr:Historical_Chinese_phonology dbr:Guangyun dbr:Internet_Archive dbr:Tang_dynasty dbr:Aspirated_consonant dbc:Chinese_dictionaries dbr:Chinese_characters dbr:Chinese_language dbc:12th-century_Chinese_books dbr:Eiroku dbr:Mantra dbr:Place_of_articulation dbr:Middle_Chinese dbr:Voicing_(phonetics) dbr:Standard_Mandarin dbr:Weldon_South_Coblin dbr:Rhyme_dictionary dbr:Rhyme_table dbr:Nasal_stop dbr:File:Yunjing_first_table.jpg |
| dbp:c |
濁 (en) 等 (en) 清 (en) 去聲 (en) 上聲 (en) 唇音 (en) 喉音 (en) 平聲 (en) 次清 (en) 清濁 (en) 牙音 (en) 舌音 (en) 舌齒音 (en) 齒音 (en) |
| dbp:first |
t (en) |
| dbp:j |
Wan6-geng3 (en) |
| dbp:l |
"Mirror of rhymes" (en) Mirror of Rhymes (en) turnings (en) |
| dbp:mc |
JwənC kjɐngC (en) |
| dbp:p |
rùshēng (en) děng (en) shēngmǔ (en) Yùnjìng (en) chúnyīn (en) chǐyīn (en) hóuyīn (en) píngshēng (en) qùshēng (en) shèchǐyīn (en) shèyīn (en) shǎngshēng (en) yáyīn (en) zhuǎn (en) |
| dbp:pic |
Yunjing title page.jpg (en) |
| dbp:piccap |
Title page of the Yonglu edition (en) |
| dbp:s |
韵镜 (en) |
| dbp:t |
入聲 (en) 聲母 (en) 轉 (en) 韻鏡 (en) |
| dbp:title |
Yunjing (en) |
| dbp:tl |
Ūn-kiànn (en) |
| dbp:w |
Yün4-ching4 (en) |
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dbr:– |
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| rdfs:comment |
韻鏡（いんきょう）とは等韻図の一つ。現存する最古の韻図である。『切韻』系韻書の音韻体系を巧みに図式化しており、中古音の復元に際して参考とされることが多い。 (ja) 《韻鏡》是現存最古的韻圖，作者不詳，推測成書於五代時期。北宋時因避宋太祖祖父諱而改名"韻鑑"。南宋張麟之校正刊行（初刊1161年、第二刊1197年、第三刊1203年）。傳入日本後受日本學者詳細研究，產生所謂“韻鏡學”。 汉语音韵学研究一般将《韵镜》视作晚期中古汉语(10至12世纪)音韵的精确反映。《韵镜》的体例本身就代表着这一时期中国人对自身语言的认识的一次飞跃，据信受到了隋唐时期传入中国的梵语音韵论述和悉昙文曼怛罗作品的影响。 (zh) The Yunjing (traditional Chinese: 韻鏡; simplified Chinese: 韵镜; lit. 'Mirror of Rhymes') is one of the two oldest existing examples of a Chinese rhyme table – a series of charts which arrange Chinese characters in large tables according to their tone and syllable structures to indicate their proper pronunciations. Current versions of the Yunjing date to AD 1161 and 1203 editions published by Zhang Linzhi (張麟之). The original author(s) and date of composition of the Yunjing are unknown. Some of its elements, such as certain choices in its ordering, reflect features particular to the Tang dynasty, but no conclusive proof of an actual date of composition has yet been found. (en) |
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韻鏡 (ja) Yunjing (en) 韻鏡 (zh) |
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