Zara-class cruiser (1879) (original) (raw)
The Zara class was a class of three torpedo cruisers built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the late 1870s and early 1880s; they were the first large torpedo-armed warships built by Austria-Hungary. The class comprised three ships, Zara, Spalato, and Sebenico; the last vessel was built to a slightly different design, and is sometimes not counted as a member of the class. The design was prepared by Josef von Romako, the Chief Constructor of the Austro-Hungarian Navy, after a lengthy design process throughout the 1870s. The first two ships were armed with deck-mounted torpedo tubes, while Sebenico received an experimental tube in her bow, submerged below the waterline.
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| dbo:abstract | The Zara class was a class of three torpedo cruisers built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the late 1870s and early 1880s; they were the first large torpedo-armed warships built by Austria-Hungary. The class comprised three ships, Zara, Spalato, and Sebenico; the last vessel was built to a slightly different design, and is sometimes not counted as a member of the class. The design was prepared by Josef von Romako, the Chief Constructor of the Austro-Hungarian Navy, after a lengthy design process throughout the 1870s. The first two ships were armed with deck-mounted torpedo tubes, while Sebenico received an experimental tube in her bow, submerged below the waterline. Despite the lengthy design process, the ships proved to be failures in service, primarily as a result of their low speed. Intended to reach a speed of at least 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph), none of the vessels were able to steam that fast. The changes made to Sebenico during construction were meant to address the problem, but she was unable to reach her design speed either. As a result, they saw very little active service, spending much of their careers in reserve. By the 1890s, they were reactivated for training ship duties, and in 1897 Sebenico took part in an international naval demonstration off Crete, where she sank a Greek blockade runner. Training ship duties continued through the early 1910s. During World War I, all three vessels were used as guard ships, but none saw action. After the war, they were seized as war prizes by the Allies and awarded to Italy in 1920; all were broken up immediately thereafter. (en) A Classe Zara foi a primeira classe de cruzadores torpedeiros operada pela Marinha Austro-Húngara, composta pelo SMS Zara, SMS Spalato e SMS Sebenico. Suas construções começaram em 1878 e 1880 no Arsenal Naval de Pola e Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino, sendo lançados ao mar em 1879 e 1882 e comissionados na frota austro-húngara entre 1881 e 1882. As embarcações foram encomendadas como um meio mais barato para defender o litoral austro-húngaro e como plataformas para uso do recém-desenvolvido torpedo Whitehead. A classe passou por um longo processo de projeto, porém os navios foram considerados fracassos devido a uma velocidade máxima abaixo do esperado. Os navios da Classe Zara eram armados com uma bateria principal de quatro canhões de 87 milímetros em montagens únicas e quatro tubos de torpedo de 350 milímetros também em montagens únicas. Tinham um comprimento de fora a fora de 62 metros, boca de oito metros, calado de quatro metros e um deslocamento de mais de oitocentas toneladas. Seus sistemas de propulsão eram compostos por dois mastros a vela e cinco calderas a carvão que alimentavam dois motores compostos, que por sua vez giravam duas hélices até uma velocidade máxima de doze nós (23 quilômetros por hora). A única blindagem que os navios tinham era um convés de apenas dezenove milímetros de espessura. Os cruzadores passaram a maior parte de suas carreiras na reserva devido os suas deficiências de velocidade, sendo reativados apenas periodicamente para participarem dos exercícios de treinamento da frota. O Sebenico participou em 1897 de um bloqueio e demonstração naval internacional da ilha de Creta durante uma revolta local, afundando um navio grego que tentava furar o bloqueio. As embarcações da classe atuaram como navios de treinamento até o começo da Primeira Guerra Mundial em 1914, quando foram usados como navios de guarda, mas nunca chegaram a entrar em combate. Foram tomados como prêmios de guerra pela Itália ao final do conflito e desmontados em 1920. (pt) |
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| dbo:shipBeam | 8.220000 (xsd:double) |
| dbo:shipDraft | 4.100000 (xsd:double) |
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| dbp:builders | *Pola Naval Arsenal *Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino (en) |
| dbp:builtRange | 1878 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:classBefore | None (en) |
| dbp:inCommissionRange | 1881 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:shipArmament | *4 x L/24 guns *1 x L/15 gun *2 x Nordenfelt guns *4 x torpedo tubes (en) |
| dbp:shipArmor | Deck: (en) |
| dbp:shipCaption | SMS Zara early in her career (en) |
| dbp:shipCrew | *13 officers *135 enlisted men (en) |
| dbp:shipImage | SMS Zara NH 87593.jpg (en) |
| dbp:shipPower | *5 × fire-tube boilers * (en) |
| dbp:shipPropulsion | *2 × compound steam engines *2 × screws (en) |
| dbp:totalShipsCompleted | 3 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:totalShipsScrapped | 3 (xsd:integer) |
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| rdfs:comment | The Zara class was a class of three torpedo cruisers built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the late 1870s and early 1880s; they were the first large torpedo-armed warships built by Austria-Hungary. The class comprised three ships, Zara, Spalato, and Sebenico; the last vessel was built to a slightly different design, and is sometimes not counted as a member of the class. The design was prepared by Josef von Romako, the Chief Constructor of the Austro-Hungarian Navy, after a lengthy design process throughout the 1870s. The first two ships were armed with deck-mounted torpedo tubes, while Sebenico received an experimental tube in her bow, submerged below the waterline. (en) A Classe Zara foi a primeira classe de cruzadores torpedeiros operada pela Marinha Austro-Húngara, composta pelo SMS Zara, SMS Spalato e SMS Sebenico. Suas construções começaram em 1878 e 1880 no Arsenal Naval de Pola e Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino, sendo lançados ao mar em 1879 e 1882 e comissionados na frota austro-húngara entre 1881 e 1882. As embarcações foram encomendadas como um meio mais barato para defender o litoral austro-húngaro e como plataformas para uso do recém-desenvolvido torpedo Whitehead. A classe passou por um longo processo de projeto, porém os navios foram considerados fracassos devido a uma velocidade máxima abaixo do esperado. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Classe Zara (1879) (pt) Zara-class cruiser (1879) (en) |
| owl:sameAs | wikidata:Zara-class cruiser (1879) dbpedia-pt:Zara-class cruiser (1879) https://global.dbpedia.org/id/2eKL2 |
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