Ten years of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma: Are there any predictive and/or prognostic markers? - PubMed (original) (raw)

Review

. 2018 Sep 28;24(36):4152-4163.

doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i36.4152.

Alessandro Cucchetti 2, Paola Ulivi 1, Matteo Canale 1, Giuseppe Cabibbo 3, Leonardo Solaini 2, Francesco G Foschi 4, Serena De Matteis 1, Giorgio Ercolani 2, Martina Valgiusti 5, Giovanni L Frassineti 5, Mario Scartozzi 6, Andrea Casadei Gardini 5

Affiliations

Review

Ten years of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma: Are there any predictive and/or prognostic markers?

Giorgia Marisi et al. World J Gastroenterol. 2018.

Abstract

Sorafenib has been considered the standard of care for patients with advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) since 2007 and numerous studies have investigated the role of markers involved in the angiogenesis process at both the expression and genetic level and clinical aspect. What results have ten years of research produced? Several clinical and biological markers are associated with prognosis. The most interesting clinical parameters are adverse events, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, and macroscopic vascular invasion, while several single nucleotide polymorphisms and plasma angiopoietin-2 levels represent the most promising biological biomarkers. A recent pooled analysis of two phase III randomized trials showed that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, etiology and extra-hepatic spread are predictive factors of response to sorafenib, but did not identify any predictive biological markers. After 10 years of research into sorafenib there are still no validated prognostic or predictive factors of response to the drug in HCC. The aim of the present review was to summarize 10 years of research into sorafenib, looking in particular at the potential of associated clinical and biological markers to predict its efficacy in patients with advanced HCC.

Keywords: Adverse events; Angiopoietin; Biomarker; Hepatocellular carcinoma; MicroRNA; Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; Polymorphisms; Sorafenib; Vascular endothelial growth factor.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict-of-interest statement: There is no conflict of interest associated with any of the senior author or other coauthors contributed their efforts in this manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Sorafenib pathaway and the main molecular factors. Ang: Angiopoietin; Tie2: Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor; PDGFR: Platelet-derived growth factor receptors; VEGFR: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; SCF: Stem cell factor; PI3K: PhosphatidylInositol 3-Kinase; Akt/PKB: Protein-chinasi B; eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; NO: Nitric oxide; P: Phospho-; MEK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; ERK: Extracellular signal–regulated kinase.

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