The Netherlands (original) (raw)

The Netherlands

Governor and Captain-General
25 Jan 1586 - 17 Dec 1587 Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester (b. 1532 - d. 1588)
Governors (and from 9 Jul 1672, Stadtholders), Captains-General and Admirals
1587 - 23 Apr 1625 Mauritz prins van Oranje (b. 1567 - d. 1625)
graaf van Nassau
23 Apr 1625 - 14 Mar 1647 Frederick Hendrick prins van (b. 1584 - d. 1647)
Oranje graaf van Nassau
14 Mar 1647 - 6 Nov 1650 Wilhem prins van Oranje, graaf (b. 1626 - d. 1650)
van Nassau
6 Nov 1650 - 9 Jul 1672 Vacant
9 Jul 1672 - 19 Mar 1702 Wilhem Hendrick prins van Oranje (b. 1650 - d. 1702)
en Nassau
19 Mar 1702 - 13 May 1747 Vacant
Stadtholders (Stadhouders van Holland, Zeeland en Utrecht)
13 May 1747�- 22 Oct 1751 Willem IV Karel Hendrik Friso, (b. 1711 - d. 1751)
prins van Oranje en Nassau
22 Oct 1751 - 16 Feb 1795 Willem V Batavus prins van (b. 1748 - d. 1806)
Oranje en Nassau
(in exile from 18 Jan 1795; rule interrupted
in parts of the Netherlands Jun 1785 - Sep 1787)
22 Oct 1751 - 12 Jan 1759 Anna van Brunswyk- (b. 1709 - d. 1759)
Lunenburg (f) -Regent
12 Jan 1759 - 9 Apr 1765 Maria Louisa von Hessen- (b. 1688 - d. 1765)
Cassel (f) -Regent
12 Jan 1759 - 8 Mar 1766 Ludwig Ernst von Braunschweig- (b. 1718 - d. 1788)
Wolfenb�ttel -Regent
9 Apr 1765 - 8 Mar 1766 Wilhelmina Carolina d'Orange van (b. 1743 - d. 1787)
Nassau (f) -Regent
Presidents of the Staten-Generaal (General Estates)
18 Jan 1795 - 25 Jan 1795 Fran�ois Pierre Guillaume van (b. 1767 - d. 1818)
Schuylenburgh
25 Jan 1795 - 1 Feb 1795 ....
1 Feb 1795 - 8 Feb 1795 ....
8 Feb 1795 - 15 Feb 1795 Cornelis Taaij (Taay) (b. 1753 - d. 1808)
15 Feb 1795 - 22 Feb 1795 Jacob George Hieronymus Hahn (b. 1761 - d. 1822) Uni
(1st time)
22 Feb 1795 - 1 Mar 1795 Jacob Verheije van Citters (b. 1753 - d. 1823)
1 Mar 1795 - 8 Mar 1795 Paulus Hubert Adriaan Jan Strick (b. 1769 - d. 1819)
van Linschoten
8 Mar 1795 - 15 Mar 1795 Johannes Lambertus Huber (1st time)(b. 1750 - d. 1826) Fed
15 Mar 1795 - 22 Mar 1795 Gerrit David Jordens (1st time) (b. 1734 - d. 1803) Fed
22 Mar 1795 - 29 Mar 1795 Albert Johan de Sitter (1st time) (b. 1748 - d. 1814) Fed
29 Mar 1795 - 5 Apr 1795 Gerrit Willem ridder van Zuylen (b. 1756 - d. 1814) Pat
van Nievelt
5 Apr 1795 - 12 Apr 1795 Jacob George Hieronymus Hahn (s.a.) Uni
(2nd time)
12 Apr 1795 - 19 Apr 1795 Bonifacius Matthias Pous (1st time)(b. 1744 - d. 1797)
19 Apr 1795 - 26 Apr 1795 Pieter Pijpers (P�pers)(1st time) (b. 1749 - d. 1805) Pat
26 Apr 1795 - 3 May 1795 Johannes Lambertus Huber (2nd time)(s.a.) Fed
3 May 1795 - 10 May 1795 Gerrit David Jordens (2nd time) (s.a.) Fed
10 May 1795 - 17 May 1795 Albert Johan de Sitter (2nd time) (s.a.) Fed
17 May 1795 - 24 May 1795 Carel Gerard Hultman (b. 1752 - d. 1820) Mod
24 May 1795 - 31 May 1795 Jacob George Hieronymus Hahn (s.a.) Uni
(3rd time)
31 May 1795 - 7 Jun 1795 Bonifacius Matthias Pous (2nd time)(s.a.)
7 Jun 1795 - 14 Jun 1795 Pieter Pijpers (2nd time) (s.a.) Pat
14 Jun 1795 - 21 Jun 1795 Johannes Lambertus Huber (3rd time)(s.a.) Fed
21 Jun 1795 - 28 Jun 1795 Hendrik Knijpinga Cramer (b. 1754 - d. 1815)
28 Jun 1795 - 5 Jul 1795 Jacobus van der Steege (1st time) (b. 1746 - d. 1811)
5 Jul 1795 - 12 Jul 1795 Herman Jacob Dyckmeester (1st time)(b. 1771 - d. 1850)
12 Jul 1795 - 19 Jul 1795 Ludovicus Timon de Kempenaar (b. 1752 - d. 1812) Uni
(1st time)
19 Jul 1795 - 26 Jul 1795 Bonifacius Matthias Pous (3rd time)(s.a.)
26 Jul 1795 - 2 Aug 1795 Pieter Pijpers (3rd time) (s.a.) Pat
2 Aug 1795 - 9 Aug 1795 Johannes Lambertus Huber (4th time)(s.a.) Fed
9 Aug 1795 - 16 Aug 1795 Johan Antony Zwier van Ysselmuyden (b. 1760 - d. 1810)
tot Paeslo (1st time)
16 Aug 1795 - 23 Aug 1795 Albert Johan de Sitter (3rd time) (s.a.) Fed
23 Aug 1795 - 30 Aug 1795 Jan Willem Hendrik Conrady (b. 1768 - d. 1844)
30 Aug 1795 - 6 Sep 1795 Ludovicus Timon de Kempenaar (s.a.) Uni
(2nd time)
6 Sep 1795 - 13 Sep 1795 Bonifacius Matthias Pous (4th time)(s.a.)
13 Sep 1795 - 20 Sep 1795 Pieter Pijpers (4th time) (s.a.)
20 Sep 1795 - 27 Sep 1795 Thomas Philippus Joha (1st time) (b. 1750 - d. 1812)
27 Sep 1795 - 4 Oct 1795 Lambert Christiaan Hendrik
Strubberg
4 Oct 1795 - 11 Oct 1795 Albert Johan de Sitter (4th time) (s.a.)
11 Oct 1795 - 18 Oct 1795 Herman Jacob Dyckmeester (2nd time)(s.a.)
18 Oct 1795 - 25 Oct 1795 Ludovicus Timon de Kempenaar (s.a.) Uni
(3rd time)
25 Oct 1795 - 1 Nov 1795 Joan van Kuffeler (b. 1755 - d. 1811)
1 Nov 1795 - 7 Nov 1795 Pieter Pijpers (5th time) (s.a.) Pat
8 Nov 1795 - 14 Nov 1795 Johannes Lambertus Huber (5th time)(s.a.) Fed
15 Nov 1795 - 21 Nov 1795 Gerrit David Jordens (3rd time) (s.a.) Fed
22 Nov 1795 - 28 Nov 1795 Albert Johan de Sitter (5th time) (s.a.) Fed
29 Nov 1795 - 5 Dec 1795 Herman Jacob Dyckmeester (3rd time)(s.a.)
6 Dec 1795 - 12 Dec 1795 Ludovicus Timon de Kempenaar (s.a.) Uni
(4th time)
13 Dec 1795 - 19 Dec 1795 Nicolaas Cornelis Lambrechtsen (b. 1752 - d. 1823)
20 Dec 1795 - 26 Dec 1795 Pieter Pijpers (6th time) (s.a.) Pat
27 Dec 1795 - 2 Jan 1796 Thomas Philippus Joha (2nd time) (s.a.) Fed
3 Jan 1796 - 9 Jan 1796 Johan Antony Zwier van Ysselmuyden (s.a.)
tot Paeslo (2nd time)
10 Jan 1796 - 16 Jan 1796 Jacobus van der Steege (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Jan 1796 - 23 Jan 1796 Augustinus Geukama (b. 1732 - d. 1801)
24 Jan 1796 - 2 Feb 1796 Ludovicus Timon de Kempenaar (s.a.) Uni
(5th time)
3 Feb 1796 - 6 Feb 1796 Adriaan Fran�ois Lammens (b. 1767 - d. 1847)
7 Feb 1796 - 13 Feb 1796 Pieter Pijpers (7th time) (s.a.) Pat
14 Feb 1796 - 20 Feb 1796 Johannes Lambertus Huber (5th time)(s.a.) Fed
21 Feb 1796 - 27 Feb 1796 Gerard Willem van Marle (b. 1752 - d. 1799) Fed
28 Feb 1796 - 29 Feb 1796 Jacobus van der Steege (3rd time) (s.a.)
Presidents of the Nationale Vergadering (National Assembly)
(often styled National Convention, in imitation of French parallel)
1 Mar 1796 - 17 Mar 1796 Pieter Paulus (b. 1754 - d. 1796) Mod
7 Mar 1796 - 2 Apr 1796 Pieter Leonard van de Kasteele (b. 1748 - d. 1810) Rad
(acting for Paulus to 18 Mar 1796)
(1st time)
2 Apr 1796 - 16 Apr 1796 Albert Johan de Sitter (s.a.) Fed
17 Apr 1796 - 30 Apr 1796 Jan Bernd Bicker (1st time) (b. 1746 - d. 1812) Fed
1 May 1796 - 14 May 1796 Dani�l Cornelis de Leeuw (b. 1747 - d. 1834) Uni
15 May 1796 - 28 May 1796 Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck heer (b. 1761 - d. 1825) Mod
van Nijenhuis, Peckedam en
Gallicum (1st time)
29 May 1796 - 11 Jun 1796 Joan Arend de Vos van Steenwijk, (b. 1746 - d. 1813)
heer van Nijerwal, Oldenhof,
Welland en Serooskerke
12 Jun 1796 - 25 Jun 1796 Jacob George Hieronymus Hahn (s.a.) Uni
26 Jun 1796 - 9 Jul 1796 Paulus Hartog (b. 1735 - d. 1805) Mod
10 Jul 1796 - 23 Jul 1796 Willem Aernout de Beveren (b. 1749 - d. 1820) Fed
25 Jul 1796 - 6 Aug 1796 Ludovicus Timon de Kempenaer (s.a.) Uni
7 Aug 1796 - 20 Aug 1796 Jan Pieter van Wickevoort (b. 1763 - d. 1837) Uni
Crommelin
21 Aug 1796 - 3 Sep 1796 Paulus Emmanuel Anthony de la (b. 1760 - d. 1848) Uni
Court
4 Sep 1796 - 17 Sep 1796 Jacob Jan Cambier (b. 1756 - d. 1831) Mod
18 Sep 1796 - 1 Oct 1796 Jacobus Kantelaar (b. 1759 - d. 1821) Fed
2 Oct 1796 - 15 Oct 1796 Tammo Adriaan ten Berge (b. 1756 - d. 1830) Fed
16 Oct 1796 - 29 Oct 1796 Bernardus Blok (b. 1756 - d. 1818) Uni
30 Oct 1796 - 12 Nov 1796 Gerrit David Jordens (s.a.) Fed
13 Nov 1796 - 26 Nov 1796 Abraham Gijsbertus Verster (b. 1751 - d. 1841) Fed
27 Nov 1796 - 10 Dec 1796 Ijsbrand van Hamelsveld (b. 1743 - d. 1812) Dem
11 Dec 1796 - 24 Dec 1796 Cornelis van Lennep (b. 1751 - d. 1813) Mod
25 Dec 1796 - 7 Jan 1797 Jan Hendrik Stoffenberg (b. 1749 - d. 1838) Fed
8 Jan 1797 - 21 Jan 1797 Lambert Engelbert van Eck (b. 1754 - d. 1803) Mod
22 Jan 1797 - 4 Feb 1797 Willem Queysen (b. 1754 - d. 1817) Fed
5 Feb 1797 - 18 Feb 1797 Carel de Vos van Steenwijk heer (b. 1759 - d. 1830) Fed
van Dikninge en de Hogenhof
19 Feb 1797 - 4 Mar 1797 Hendrik van Castrop (b. 1736 - d. 1806) Mod
5 Mar 1797 - 18 Mar 1797 Meinardus Siderius (b. 1754 - d. 1829) Fed
19 Mar 1797 - 1 Apr 1797 Cornelis Wilhelmus de Rhoer (b. 1751 - d. 1821) Fed
2 Apr 1797 - 15 Apr 1797 Jan Couperus (b. 1755 - d. 1833) Uni
16 Apr 1797 - 29 Apr 1797 Jacob Abraham de Mist (b. 1749 - d. 1823) Fed
30 Apr 1797 - 13 May 1797 Jan Bernd Bicker (2nd time) (s.a.) Fed
14 May 1797 - 27 May 1797 Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck heer (s.a.) Mod
van Nijenhuis, Peckedam en
Gellicum (2nd time)
28 May 1797 - 10 Jun 1797 Gerard Willem van Marle (s.a.) Fed
14 Jun 1797 - 27 Jun 1797 Herman Hendricus Vitringa (b. 1757 - d. 1801) Fed
25 Jun 1797 - 8 Jul 1797 Johan Herman de Lange (b. 1759 - d. 1818) Fed
9 Jul 1797 - 22 Jul 1797 Ambrosius Justus Zubli (b. 1751 - d. 1820) Mod
23 Jul 1797 - 5 Aug 1797 Willem Hendrik Teding van Berkhout (b. 1745 - d. 1809) Mod
heer van Noord-Scharwoude
6 Aug 1797 - 19 Aug 1797 Scato Trip (b. 1742 - d. 1822) Fed
20 Aug 1797 - 31 Aug 1797 Pieter Leonard van de Kasteele (s.a.) Mod
(2nd time)
1 Sep 1797 - 16 Sep 1797 Jan David Pasteur (b. 1753 - d. 1804) Uni
17 Sep 1797 - 30 Sep 1797 Adrianus Ploos van Amstel (b. 1749 - d. 1816) Uni
1 Oct 1797 - 14 Oct 1797 Joachim Nuhout van der Veen (b. 1756 - d. 1833) Uni
15 Oct 1797 - 28 Oct 1797 Hugo Gevers (b. 1765 - d. 1852) Mod
29 Oct 1797 - 11 Nov 1797 Jacob van Manen (b. 1752 - d. 1822) Uni
12 Nov 1797 - 25 Nov 1797 Pieter Vreede (b. 1750 - d. 1837) Rad
26 Nov 1797 - 9 Dec 1797 Stefanus Jacobus van Langen (b. 1758 - d. 1847) Uni
10 Dec 1797 - 23 Dec 1797 Jacobus Blaauw (b. 1756 - d. 1829) Dem
24 Dec 1797 - 6 Jan 1798 Joan Bernard Auffmorth (b. 1744 - d. 1831) Uni
7 Jan 1798 - 20 Jan 1798 Joannes Franciscus Rudolphus van (b. 1755 - d. 1816) Uni
Hooff
21 Jan 1798 - 22 Jan 1798 Johannes Henricus Midderigh (b. 1753 - d. 1800) Rad
President of the Constituerende Vergadering (Constituent Assembly)
22 Jan 1798 - 25 Jan 1798 Johannes Henricus Midderigh (s.a.) Rad
Presidents of the Uitvoerend Bewind (literally: Executive Authority; usually translated
as Executive Directory, in imitation of French parallel)(provisional to 20 May 1798)
25 Jan 1798 - 28 Feb 1798 Pieter Vreede (s.a.) Rad
1 Mar 1798 - 31 Mar 1798 Wybo Fijnje (Fynje) (b. 1754 - d. 1796) Rad
2 Apr 1798 - 30 Apr 1798 Stefanus Jacobus van Langen (s.a.) Uni
1 May 1798 - 31 May 1798 Berend Wildrik (b. 1754 - d. 1831) Uni
1 Jun 1798 - 12 Jun 1798 Johan Pieter Fokker (b. 1751 - d. 1831) Uni
Presidents of the Intermediair Uitvoerend Bewind(Interim Executive Authority)
12 Jun 1798 - 14 Jun 1798 Intermediair Bestuur (Interim Administration)
- Jacobus Spoors (b. 1751 - d. 1833)
- Gerrit Jan Pijman (Pyman) (b. 1750 - d. 1839)
- Isa�k Jan Alexander Gogel (b. 1765 - d. 1821) Uni
- Reinier Willem Tadama (b. 1771 - d. 1812) Uni
- Abraham Jacques La Pierre (b. 1750 - d. 1837) Mod
14 Jun 1798 - 20 Jun 1798 Jacobus Spoors (1st time) (s.a.)
21 Jun 1798 - 27 Jun 1798 Gerrit Jan Pijman (Pyman)(1st time)(s.a.)
28 Jun 1798 - 4 Jul 1798 Isa�k Jan Alexander Gogel (s.a.) Uni
(1st time)
4 Jul 1798 - 11 Jul 1798 Reinier Willem Tadama (1st time) (s.a.) Uni
12 Jul 1798 - 18 Jul 1798 Abraham Jacques La Pierre (s.a.) Mod
(1st time)
19 Jul 1798 - 25 Jul 1798 Jacobus Spoors (2nd time) (s.a.)
26 Jul 1798 - 31 Jul 1798 Gerrit Jan Pijman (Pyman)(2nd time)(s.a.)
1 Aug 1798 - 7 Aug 1798 Isa�k Jan Alexander Gogel (s.a.) Uni
(2nd time)
8 Aug 1798 - 14 Aug 1798 Reinier Willem Tadama (2nd time) (s.a.) Uni
14 Aug 1798 - 17 Aug 1798 Abraham Jacques La Pierre (s.a.) Mod
(2nd time)
Presidents of the Uitvoerend Bewind (literally: Executive Authority; usually translated
as Executive Directory, in imitation of French parallel)
17 Aug 1798 - 16 Sep 1798 Albert Willem Hoeth (1st time) (b. 1758 - d. 1827) Mod
17 Sep 1798 - 16 Oct 1798 Johannes Willem van Hasselt (b. 1752 - d. 1833)
(1st time)
17 Oct 1798 - 16 Nov 1798 Fran�ois Ermerins (1st time) (b. 1753 - d. 1840)
17 Nov 1798 - 16 Dec 1798 Anthony Frederik Robbert Evert (b. 1756 - d. 1830) Fed
van Haersolte heer van Staverden
(1st time)
17 Dec 1798 - 16 Jan 1799 Joannes Franciscus Rudolphus (s.a.) Uni
van Hooff (1st time)
17 Jan 1799 - 16 Feb 1799 Albert Willem Hoeth (2nd time) (s.a.) Mod
17 Feb 1799 - 16 Mar 1799 Johannes Willem van Hasselt (s.a.)
(2nd time)
17 Mar 1799 - 16 Apr 1799 Fran�ois Ermerins (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Apr 1799 - 16 May 1799 Anthony Frederik Robbert Evert (s.a.)
van Haersolte heer van Staverden
(2nd time)
17 May 1799 - 16 Jun 1799 Joannes Franciscus Rudolphus (s.a.) Uni
van Hooff (2nd time)
17 Jun 1799 - 16 Jul 1799 Albert Willem Hoeth (3rd time) (s.a.) Mod
17 Jul 1799 - 16 Aug 1799 Augustijn Gerhard Besier (Bezier) (b. 1758 - d. 1829)
(1st time)
17 Aug 1799 - 16 Sep 1799 Fran�ois Ermerins (3rd time) (s.a.)
17 Sep 1799 - 16 Oct 1799 Anthony Frederik Robbert Evert (s.a.)
van Haersolte heer van Staverden
(3rd time)
17 Oct 1799 - 16 Nov 1799 Joannes Franciscus Rudolphus (s.a.) Uni
van Hooff (3rd time)
17 Nov 1799 - 16 Dec 1799 Albert Willem Hoeth (4th time) (s.a.) Mod
17 Dec 1799 - 16 Jan 1800 Augustijn Gerhard Besier (s.a.)
(2nd time)
17 Jan 1800 - 16 Feb 1800 Fran�ois Ermerins (4th time) (s.a.)
17 Feb 1800 - 16 Mar 1800 Anthony Frederik Robbert Evert (s.a.)
van Haersolte heer van Staverden
(4th time)
17 Mar 1800 - 16 Apr 1800 Joannes Franciscus Rudolphus (s.a.) Uni
van Hooff (4th time)
17 Apr 1800 - 16 May 1800 Albert Willem Hoeth (5th time) (s.a.) Mod
17 May 1800 - 16 Jun 1800 Augustijn Gerhard Besier (s.a.)
(3rd time)
17 Jun 1800 - 16 Jul 1800 Fran�ois Ermerins (5th time) (s.a.)
17 Jul 1800 - 16 Aug 1800 Anthony Frederik Robbert Evert (s.a.)
van Haersolte heer van Staverden
(5th time)
17 Aug 1800 - 16 Sep 1800 Jan Hendrik van Swinden (1st time) (b. 1746 - d. 1823)
17 Sep 1800 - 16 Oct 1800 Albert Willem Hoeth (6th time) (s.a.) Mod
17 Oct 1800 - 16 Nov 1800 Augustijn Gerhard Besier (s.a.)
(4th time)
17 Nov 1800 - 16 Dec 1800 Fran�ois Ermerins (6th time) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1800 - 16 Jan 1801 Anthony Frederik Robbert Evert (s.a.)
van Haersolte heer van Staverden
(6th time)
17 Jan 1801 - 16 Feb 1801 Jan Hendrik van Swinden (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Feb 1801 - 16 Mar 1801 Albert Willem Hoeth (7th time) (s.a.) Mod
17 Mar 1801 - 16 Apr 1801 Augustijn Gerhard Besier (s.a.)
(5th time)
17 Apr 1801 - 16 May 1801 Fran�ois Ermerins (7th time) (s.a.)
17 May 1801 - 16 Jun 1801 Anthony Frederik Robbert Evert (s.a.)
van Haersolte, heer van Staverden
(7th time)
17 Jun 1801 - 16 Jul 1801 Jan Hendrik van Swinden (3rd time) (s.a.)
17 Jul 1801 - 16 Aug 1801 Gerrit Jan Pijman (s.a.)
17 Aug 1801 - 16 Sep 1801 Augustijn Gerhard Besier (s.a.)
(6th time)
17 Sep 1801 - 18 Sep 1801 Fran�ois Ermerins (8th time) (s.a.)
18 Sep 1801 - 19 Sep 1801 Augustijn Gerhard Besier (s.a.)
(7th time)
19 Sep 1801 - 17 Oct 1801 Anthony Frederik Robbert Evert (s.a.)
van Haersolte, heer van Staverden
(8th time)
Presidents of the Staatsbewind (literally: State Authority, usually translated
as State Council)
17 Oct 1801 - 31 Jan 1802 Willem Aernout de Beveren (s.a.) Fed
(1st time)
1 Feb 1802 - 30 Apr 1802 Egbert van Burmania Rengers (b. 1745 - d. 1806) Org
1 May 1802 - 31 Jul 1802 Samuel van Hoogstraten heer van (b. 1756 - d. 1830) Mod
Heicup, Boeicup, Woubrugge, Sint
Jacobswoude en Rodenburg
1 Aug 1802 - 31 Oct 1802 Gerrit Jan Pijman (s.a.)
1 Nov 1802 - 31 Jan 1803 Johannes Baptista Verheyen (b. 1746 - d. 1814)
1 Feb 1803 - 30 Apr 1803 Jacobus Spoors (s.a.)
1 May 1803 - 31 Jul 1803 Campegius Hermanus Gockinga (b. 1748 - d. 1823) Mod
1 Aug 1803 - 31 Oct 1803 Dani�l Cornelis de Leeuw (s.a.) Uni
1 Nov 1803 - 31 Jan 1804 Augustijn Gerhard Besier (s.a.)
1 Feb 1804 - 30 Apr 1804 Anthony Frederik Robbert Evert (s.a.) Fed
van Haersolte heer van Staverden
1 May 1804 - 31 Jul 1804 Gerard Brantsen (b. 1734 - d. 1809) Org
1 Aug 1804 - 31 Oct 1804 Willem Queysen (s.a.) Fed
1 Nov 1804 - 31 Jan 1805 Willem Aernout de Beveren (s.a.) Fed
(2nd time)
1 Feb 1805 - 29 Apr 1805 Jan Bernd Bicker (s.a.) Fed
Pensionaries of the Council (Raadpensionaris, usually translated Grand Pensionaries)
29 Apr 1805 - 5 Jun 1806 Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck heer (s.a.) Mod
van Nijenhuis, Peckedam en
Gallicum
5 Jun 1806 - 9 Jun 1806 Carel de Vos van Steenwijk heer (s.a.) Fed
van Dikninge en de Hogenhof
(acting)
Kings�
9 Jun 1806 - 1 Jul 1810 Lodewijk I Napoleon (b. 1778 - d. 1846)
(= Louis Napol�on Bonaparte)
1 Jul 1810 - 13 Jul 1810 Napoleon Lodewijk II (b. 1804 - d. 1831)
(= Napol�on Louis Bonaparte)
3 Jul 1810 - 13 Jul 1810 Paulus Jacobsz. van der (b. 1753 - d. 1823)
Heim -**Regent ([acting for absent Queen Hortense] president
of provisional council of regency)
Governor-general
13 Jul 1810 - 20 Nov 1813 Charles-Fran�ois Lebrun, duc de (b. 1739 - d. 1824)
Plaisance
(Lieutenant-general to 31 Dec 1810)
Sovereign Prince�
20 Nov 1813 - 6 Dec 1813 General Executive of the United Netherlands ["in the name of the Prince of Oranje-Nassau"]
- Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp (b. 1762 - d. 1834) Org
- Adam Fran�ois Jules Armand van (b. 1771 - d. 1848) Org
der Duyn, vrijheer van 's
Gravenmoer, heer van Maasdam,
Benthorn en Hinkelenoord
2 Dec 1813 - 16 Mar 1815 Willem (VI) Frederik (b. 1772 - d. 1848)
Kings�(also Grand dukes of Luxembourg)
16 Mar 1815 - 7 Oct 1840 Willem I (s.a.)
7 Oct 1840 - 17 Mar 1849 Willem II (b. 1792 - d. 1849)
17 Mar 1849 - 23 Nov 1890 Willem III (b. 1817 - d. 1890)
Queen�
23 Nov 1890 - 13 May 1940 Wilhelmina (1st time) (b. 1880 - d. 1962)
(13 May 1940 - 13 Mar 1945 in London exile)
23 Nov 1890 - 31 Aug 1898 Emma, Koningin-Weduwe (f) -Regent (b. 1858 - d. 1934)
(= Adelheid Emma Wilhelmina Theresia,
prinses van Waldeck en Pyrmont)
13 May 1940 - 15 May 1940 Henri Gerard Winkelman (b. 1876 - d. 1952) Mil
(commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy;
Supreme Authority in The Netherlands)
German Military Governors
15 May 1940 - 16 May 1940 Moritz Albrecht Franz Friedrich (b. 1880 - d. 1945) Mil
Fedor von Bock
16 May 1940 - 29 May 1940 Alexander Ernst Alfred Hermann (b. 1878 - d. 1966) Mil
Freiherr von Falkenhausen
(military governor of Netherlands and Belgium)
Reichskommissar f�r die besetzten niederl�ndischen Gebiete (Rijkscommissaris voor het bezette Nederlandsche gebied. [Reich Commissioner for the Occupied Dutch Regions])
29 May 1940 - 7 May 1945 Arthur von Seyss-Inquart (b. 1892 - d. 1946) NSDAP
(appointed 18 May 1940, arrived The Hague 25 May 1940)
Queens�
5 May 1945 - 4 Sep 1948 Wilhelmina (2nd time) (s.a.)
14 Oct 1947 - 1 Dec 1947 Juliana prinses der (b. 1909 - d. 2004)
Nederlanden (f) -Regent (1st time)
14 May 1948 - 30 Aug 1948 Juliana prinses der (s.a.)
Nederlanden (f) -Regent (2nd time)
4 Sep 1948 - 30 Apr 1980 Juliana (s.a.)
30 Apr 1980 - 30 Apr 2013 Beatrix (b. 1938)
King �
30 Apr 2013 - Willem-Alexander (b. 1967)

State Secretary 22 Oct 1798 - 21 Mar 1801 Carel Gerard Jan Hultman (b. 1752 - d. 1820) Mod
(1st time)
21 Mar 1801 - 17 Oct 1801 Vacant
17 Oct 1801 - 29 Apr 1805 Carel Gerard Jan Hultman (s.a.) Mod (2nd time)
General Secretaries of State (and from 19 Jun 1806, Secretaries of the Cabinet)
29 Apr 1805 - 30 Jun 1806 Carel Gerard Jan Hultman (s.a.) Mod
(acting from 19 Jun 1806)
30 Jun 1806 - 8 Jan 1808 Willem Frederik Ro�ll (b. 1767 - d. 1835) Org
Chief ministers (presidents of the Council of Ministers)
1809 - 8 Mar 1810 Paulus van der Heim (s.a.)
8 Mar 1810 - 31 Dec 1810 Jacob Jan Cambier (s.a.) Mod
Secretaries of State
31 Dec 1813 - 19 Mar 1818 Anton Reinhard Falck (b. 1777 - d. 1843) Con
19 Mar 1819 - 12 Nov 1835 Jean Gijsberto de Mey van (b. 1782 - d. 1841) Con
Streefkerk (from 16 Jun 1826,
Jean Gijsberto baron de Mey
van Streefkerk)
(acting to 28 Dec 1822)
16 Aug 1820 - 15 Nov 1820 Steven Dassevael (b. 1771 - d. 1838) Con
(acting for Streefkerk)
12 Nov 1835 - 1 Dec 1836 Gerrit graaf Schimmelpenninck (b. 1794 - d. 1863) Con
1 Dec 1836 - 31 Dec 1840 Hendrik Jacob baron van Doorn (b. 1786 - d. 1853) Con
van Westcapelle
(acting for Schimmelpenninck 22 Sep - 1 Dec 1836)
Vice-Presidents of the Council of State and Presidents of the Council of Ministers
6 Apr 1814 - 7 Nov 1816 Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp (b. 1762 - d. 1834) Con
Hogendorp (from 28 Aug 1814,
Jonkheer Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp;
from 20 Sep 1815, Gijsbert Karel
graaf van Hogendorp)
7 Nov 1816 - 1 Jul 1829 Johan Hendrik Mollerus (b. 1750 - d. 1834) Con
(from 24 Nov 1816, Jonkheer Johan
Hendrik Mollerus; from 21 Dec 1820,
Johan Hendrik baron Mollerus)
(acting to 10 Feb 1817)
1 Jul 1829 - 7 Oct 1840 Willem van Nassau, prins van (s.a.) Non-party
Oranje-Nassau (= Willem II)
7 Oct 1840 - 31 Dec 1840 Jonkheer Jan Elias Nicolaas van (b. 1766 - d. 1841) Con
Lynden (acting)
1 Jan 1841 - 26 Mar 1848 Hendrik Jacob baron van Doorn (s.a.) Con
van Westcapelle
Prime ministers (until 23 May 1945, Chairman of the Council of Ministers; then Minister-President)
26 Mar 1848 - 17 May 1848 Gerrit graaf Schmmelpenninck (s.a.) Lib
17 May 1848 - 4 Jun 1849 Dirk Donker Curtius (b. 1792 - d. 1863) Lib
4 Jun 1849 - 1 Nov 1849 Jacob Matthaeus de Kempenaer (b. 1793 - d. 1870) Lib
1 Nov 1849 - 19 Apr 1853 Johan Rudolf Thorbecke (1st time) (b. 1798 - d. 1872) Lib
19 Apr 1853 - 1 Jul 1856 Floris Adriaan van Hall (1st time) (b. 1791 - d. 1866) Con-Lib
(from 1 Apr 1856, Floris Adriaan baron van Hall)
1 Jul 1856 - 18 Mar 1858 Jastinus Jacob Leonard van der (b. 1804 - d. 1863) Con
Brugghen
18 Mar 1858 - 23 Feb 1860 Jan Jacob Rochussen (b. 1797 - d. 1871) Con
23 Feb 1860 - 23 Feb 1861 Floris Adriaan baron van Hall (s.a.) Con-Lib
(2nd time)
23 Feb 1861 - 14 Mar 1861 Schelte baron Heemstra (b. 1807 - d. 1864) Lib
(1st time)(acting)
14 Mar 1861 - 10 Nov 1861 Jacob Pieter Pompejus baron (b. 1816 - d. 1890) Con-Lib
van Zuylen van Nijevelt
10 Nov 1861 - 1 Feb 1862 Schelte baron van Heemstra (s.a.) Lib
(2nd time)(acting)
1 Feb 1862 - 10 Feb 1866 Johan Rudolf Thorbecke (2nd time) (s.a.) Lib
10 Feb 1866 - 1 Jun 1866 Isa�c Dignus Fransen van de Putte (b. 1822 - d. 1902) Lib
(1st time)
12 Mar 1866 - 19 Apr 1866 Pieter Philip van Bosse (b. 1809 - d. 1879) Lib
(acting for van de Putte)
19 May 1866 - 1 Jun 1866 Pieter Philip van Bosse (s.a.) Lib
(acting for van de Putte)
1 Jun 1866 - 4 Jun 1868 Julius Philip Jacob Adriaan (b. 1819 - d. 1894) Con
graaf van Zuylen van Nijevelt
4 Jun 1868 - 4 Jan 1871 Pieter Philip van Bosse (1st time) (s.a.) Lib
4 Jan 1871 - 4 Jun 1872 Johan Rudolf Thorbecke (3rd time) (s.a.) Lib
4 Jun 1872 - 6 Jul 1872 Pieter Philip van Bosse (2nd time) (s.a.) Lib
6 Jul 1872 - Nov 1872 Gerrit de Vries (b. 1818 - d. 1900) Lib
Nov 1872 - 27 Aug 1874 Isa�c Dignus Fransen van de Pute (s.a.) Lib
(2nd time)
27 Aug 1874 - 3 Nov 1877 Jan Abrahamzoon Heemskerk (b. 1818 - d. 1897) Con
(1st time)
3 Nov 1877 - 20 Aug 1879 Johannes Kappeyne van de Coppello (b. 1822 - d. 1895) Lib
20 Aug 1879 - 23 Apr 1883 Constantijn Theodoor baron van (b. 1826 - d. 1885) Con
Lynden van Sandenburg
(from 24 Aug 1882, Constantijn Theodoor
graaf van Lynden van Sandenburg)
23 Apr 1883 - 21 Apr 1888 Jan Abrahamzoon Heemskerk (s.a.) Con
(2nd time)
21 Apr 1888 - 21 Aug 1891 Aeneas baron Mackay (b. 1838 - d. 1909) ARP
21 Aug 1891 - 21 Mar 1894 Gijsbert van Tienhoven (b. 1841 - d. 1914) Lib
21 Mar 1894 - 9 May 1894 Johannes Pieter Roetert Tak van (b. 1829 - d. 1904) LU
Poortvliet
9 May 1894 - 27 Jul 1897 Jonkheer Joan Ro�ll (b. 1844 - d. 1914) Lib
27 Jul 1897 - 1 Aug 1901 Nicolaas Gerard Pierson (b. 1839 - d. 1909) LU
1 Aug 1901 - 17 Aug 1905 Abraham Kuyper (b. 1837 - d. 1920) ARP
17 Aug 1905 - 12 Feb 1908 Theodoor Herman de Meester (b. 1851 - d. 1919) LU
12 Feb 1908 - 29 Aug 1913 Theodorus "Theo" Heemskerk (b. 1852 - d. 1932) ARP
29 Aug 1913 - 9 Sep 1918 Pieter Willem Adriaan Cort van (b. 1846 - d. 1935) Lib
der Linden
9 Sep 1918 - 3 Aug 1925 Jonkheer Charles Joseph Maria Ruys (b. 1873 - d. 1936) AB
de Beerenbrouck (1st time)
4 Aug 1925 - 8 Mar 1926 Hendrikus "Hendrik" Colijn (b. 1869 - d. 1944) ARP
(1st time)
8 Mar 1926 - 10 Aug 1929 Dirk Jan de Geer (1st time) (b. 1870 - d. 1960) CHU
10 Aug 1929 - 26 May 1933 Jonkheer Charles Joseph Maria Ruys (s.a.) RKSP
de Beerenbrouck (2nd time)
26 May 1933 - 10 Aug 1939 Hendrikus "Hendrik" Colijn (s.a.) ARP
(2nd time)
10 Aug 1939 - 3 Sep 1940 Dirk Jan de Geer (2nd time) (s.a.) CHU
(in London exile from 13 May 1940)
3 Sep 1940 - 24 Jun 1945 Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (b. 1885 - d. 1961) ARP
(in London exile to 23 May 1945)
6 May 1945 - 23 May 1945 Lodewijk Hendrik Nicolaas Bosch, (b. 1884 � d. 1953) CHU
ridder van Rosenthal
(chairman of the Committee of Trusted
Representatives of the Government)
24 Jun 1945 - 3 Jul 1946 Willem "Wim" Schermerhorn (b. 1894 - d. 1977)VDB;1946 PvdA
3 Jul 1946 - 7 Aug 1948 Louis Joseph Maria Beel (1st time) (b. 1902 - d. 1977) KVP
7 Aug 1948 - 22 Dec 1958 Willem Drees (b. 1886 - d. 1988) PvdA
22 Dec 1958 - 19 May 1959 Louis Joseph Maria Beel (2nd time) (s.a.) KVP
19 May 1959 - 24 Jul 1963 Jan Eduard de Quay (b. 1901 - d. 1985) KVP
24 Jul 1963 - 14 Apr 1965 Victor "Vic" Gerard Marie Marijnen (b. 1917 - d. 1975) KVP
14 Apr 1965 - 22 Nov 1966 Jozef "Jo" Maria Laurens Theo Cals (b. 1914 - d. 1971) KVP
22 Nov 1966 - 5 Apr 1967 Jelle Zijlstra (b. 1918 - d. 2001) ARP
5 Apr 1967 - 6 Jul 1971 Petrus "Piet" Jozef Sietse de Jong (b. 1915 - d. 2016) KVP
6 Jul 1971 - 11 May 1973 Barend Willem Biesheuvel (b. 1920 - d. 2001) ARP
11 May 1973 - 19 Dec 1977 Johannes "Joop" Marten den Uyl (b. 1919 - d. 1987) PvdA
19 Dec 1977 - 4 Nov 1982 Andreas "Dries" Antonius Maria (b. 1931 - d. 2024) KVP;1980 CDA
van Agt
4 Nov 1982 - 22 Aug 1994 Rudolphus "Ruud" Franciscus Marie (b. 1939 - d. 2018) CDA
Lubbers
22 Aug 1994 - 22 Jul 2002 Willem "Wim" Kok (b. 1938 - d. 2018) PvdA
22 Jul 2002 - 14 Oct 2010 Jan Pieter "Jan Peter" Balkenende (b. 1956) CDA
14 Oct 2010 - 2 Jul 2024 Mark Rutte (b. 1967) VVD
2 Jul 2024 - Hendrikus "Dick" Wilhelmus Maria (b. 1957) Ind
Schoof

German and Allied Occupation 1940-1945

German Military Commanders
10 May 1940 - 16 May 1940 Moritz Albrecht Franz Friedrich (s.a.) Mil
Fedor von Bock
16 May 1940 - 29 May 1940 Alexander Freiherr von (b. 1878 - d. 1966) Mil
Falkenhausen
29 May 1940 - 6 May 1945 Friedrich Christiansen (b. 1879 - d. 1972) Mil
14 Dec 1942 - 5 May 1945 Anton Adriaan Mussert (b. 1894 - d. 1946) NSB
(with the German authorized honorific
style Leider van het Nederlandse Volk
["Leader of The Netherlands People"])

Dutch Chief of the General Staff, Military Authority for the Liberated Areas
14 Sep 1944 - 6 Mar 1946 Hendrik Johan Kruls (Netherlands) (b. 1902 - d. 1975) Mil

Heads, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) Mission to Netherlands
15 Sep 1944 - 21 Jan 1945 John Keith Edwards (U.K.) (b. 1896 - d. 1984) Mil
21 Jan 1945 - Jul 1945 John George Walters Clark (U.K.) (b. 1892 - d. 1948) Mil

The Resistance 1940-1945

Note: Until 1944 the different resistance movement factions acted separately under the supervision of the Bureau Special Missions (Bureau Bijzondere Opdrachten) of the Netherlands government in exile. On 5 Sep 1944, they were united into the Netherlands Interior Forces (Nederlandse Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten).

Commander of the Netherlands Interior Forces
5 Sep 1944 - 13 Sep 1945 Bernhard Leopold Frederik (b. 1911 - d. 2004) Mil
prins der Nederlanden, prins
van Lippe-Biesterfeld

French Residents to the Batavian Republic 1795-1805

French Envoys
5 Sep 1795 - Dec 1797 Fran�ois Joseph Michel No�l (b. 1756 - d. 1841)
Dec 1797 - Jun 1798 Charles Fran�ois Delacroix (b. 1741 - d. 1805)
Jun 1798 Claude Roberjot (b. 1752 - d. 1799)
Jun 1798 - Oct 1798 Louis Champigny-Aubin (acting) (b. 1756 - d. 1847)
Oct 1798 - Jul 1799 Vincent Lombard de Langres (b. 1765 - d. 1830)
Jul 1799 Joseph Fouch� (b. 1759 - d. 1820)
29 Jul 1799 - 2 Nov 1799 Guiot de Saint-Florent, dit (b. 1755 - d. 1834)
Florent-Guiot
Nov 1799 Fran�ois Louis Michel Chemin des (b. 1759 - d. 1840)
Forgues, dit Deforgues
Dec 1799 Henri Fran�ois Constance de (b. 1751 - d. 1810)
Perrochel
30 Dec 1799 - 1 Feb 1805 Charles-Louis Huguet Montaran (b. 1759 - d. 1839)

�Willem IV became stadholder as Willem II in Friesland 1 Sep 1711, in Groningen 13 Oct 1718; as Willem III in in Drenthe 19 Mar 1722, Gelderland 2 Nov 1722; as Willem IV in in Zeeland 28 Apr 1747, in Utrecht 3 May 1747, in Holland en Westfriesland 4 May 1747, and in Overijssel 10 May 1747.

�The full style of the rulers:
(a) 9 Jun 1806 - 7 Aug 1806: Door de Gratie Gods en de Constitutionele Wetten van den Staat/van het Koninkrijk, Koning van Holland ("By the Grace of God and the Constitutional Laws of the State/of the Kingdom, King of Holland");
(b) 7 Aug 1806 - 13 Jul 1810: Door de Gratie Gods en de Constitutie des Rijks/Koninkrijks, Koning van Holland ("By the Grace of God and the Constitution of the Realm/Kingdom, King of Holland");
(c) 2 Dec 1813 - 17 Mar 1814: Bij de Gratie Gods, Prins van Oranje-Nassau, Souverein Vorst der Verenigde Nederlanden, enz., enz., enz. ("By the Grace of God, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Sovereign Prince of the United Netherlands, etc., etc., etc.");
(d) 17 Mar 1814 - 9 Jun 1814: Bij de Gratie Gods, Prins van Oranje-Nassau, Souverein Vorst der Verenigde Nederlanden, Hertog van Luxemburg, enz., enz., enz. ("By the Grace of God, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Sovereign Prince of the United Netherlands, Duke of Luxembourg, etc., etc., etc.");
(e) 9 Jun 1814 - 16 Mar 1815: Bij de Gratie Gods, Prins van Oranje-Nassau, Souverein Vorst der Verenigde Nederlanden, Groothertog van Luxemburg, enz., enz., enz. ("By the Grace of God, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Sovereign Prince of the United Netherlands, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, etc., etc., etc.");
(f) 16 Mar 1815 - 19 Apr 1839: Bij de Gratie Gods, Koning der Nederlanden, Prins van Oranje-Nassau, Groothertog van Luxemburg, enz., enz., enz. ("By the Grace of God, King of the The Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, etc, etc, etc.");
(g) 19 Apr 1839 - 23 Nov 1890: Bij de Gratie Gods, Koning der Nederlanden, Prins van Oranje-Nassau, Groothertog van Luxemburg, Hertog van Limburg, enz., enz., enz. ("By the Grace of God, King of the The Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Limburg, etc, etc, etc.");
(h) 23 Nov 1890 - 30 Apr 2013: Bij de Gratie Gods, Koningin der Nederlanden, Prinses van Oranje-Nassau, enz., enz., enz. ("By the Grace of God, Queen of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, etc., etc., etc.");
(i) from 30 Apr 2013: Bij de Gratie Gods, Koning der Nederlanden, Prins van Oranje-Nassau, enz., enz., enz. ("By the Grace of God, King of The Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, etc., etc., etc.").

Noble titles: baron = baron; burggraaf/ burggravin_= viscount/viscountess;graaf/gravin = count/countess; heer/vrouwe = lord/lady, master; hertog/hertogin = duke/duchess; jonkheer /jonkvrouw = esquire, squire; koning /koningin_= king/queen; markies/markiezin = margrave/margravine; prins/prinses = prince/princess; ridder = knight; stadhouder/stadhoudster = stadholder, steward; vrijheer/vrijvrouwe = allodial (free) lord/lady.

Ecclesiastic titles: prins-bisschop = prince-bishop; _vorst-abt/vorstin-abdi_s = prince-abbot/
princess-abbess.

Party Abbreviations: CDA = Christen Democratisch App�l (Christian-Democratic Appeal, christian-democratic, center-right, est.11 Oct 1980 by merger of KVP, ARP, & CHU); Ind = Onafhankelijk (Independent, non-affiliated); PvdA = Partij van de Arbeid (Labor Party, social-democratic, center-left, est.9 Feb 1946 by merger of SDAP, VDB, & Christelijk Democratische Unie [CDU]); VVD = Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie (People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, conservative liberal, center-right, est.24 Jan 1948); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: AB = Algemeene Bond van Roomsch-Katholieke Kiesverenigingen (General General League of Roman Catholic Caucuses, confessionalist [catholic], 1904-26, merged into RKSP);
ARP = Anti-Revolutionaire Partij (Anti-Revolutionary Party, confessionalist [protestant], 1879-1980, merged into CDA); CHU = Christelijk-Historische Unie (Christian Historical Union, 1908-80, merged into CDA); Con = Conservatief (Conservative); Con-Lib= Conservatief-Liberaal (Conservative-Liberal); Dem= Democratisch Unitari�r (Democratic Unitarian, 1798-1810); Fed =Federalist (supported federal state, 1795-98);KVP = Katholieke Volkspartij (Catholic People's Party, confessionalist [catholic], 1945-80, merged into CDA); Lib = Liberaal (Liberal); LU = Liberale Unie (Liberal Union, liberal, 1885-1921); Mod = Moderaat (Moderate, in between Org and Pat/Uni, 1795-98); NSB = Nationaal Socialistische Beweging (National Socialist Movement, Dutch fascist party, pro-Nazi-German, 1931-45); NSDAP = Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers' Party, Nazi fascist, xenophobic, 1920-1945); Org = Orangist (royalist, pro-House of Orange);Pat= Patriot (republican, pro-provincial autonomy, trade-oriented policies, anti-Org., to 1796); PvdV = Partij van de Vrijheid (Freedom Party, liberal, 1946-48, merged into VVD); Rad = Radikaal Unitari�r (Radical Unitarian, 1798-1810); RKSP = Rooms-Katholieke Staatspartij (Roman Catholic States Party, confessionalist [catholic], 1926-45, from 1945 KVP); SDAP = Sociaal-Democratische Arbeiderspartij (Social Democratic Worker's Party, socialist, 1894-1946, merged into PvdA); Stat = Staatsen (Stateist, republican, anti-Org., predecessor of Pat); Uni = Unitari�r (Unitarian, supported pro-unitary state, 1798-1810); VDB = Radicale Partij/Vrijzinnig Democratische Bond (Radical Party/Free Democratic League, liberal, 1901-46, merged into PvdA)

Limburg

Aug 1815 Netherlands province of Limburg established by the merger
of several territories that had been part of France from
1795 to 1814 as Meuse-Inf�rieure d�partement.
4 Oct 1830 Administration by Belgium established (except Maastricht and Venlo)
19 Apr 1839 Final Act of the London Conference divides the province:
part becomes Belgian, the rest of the province (except Maastricht
and Venlo) becomes the Duchy of Limburg, in notional personal
union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
5 Sep 1839 Duchy of Limburg (Hertogdom Limburg/Herzogtum Limburg) accepted as
a member state of the German Confederation (this polity is not
a successor polity to the pre-1792 Duchy of Limburg (see
under Belgium).
11 May 1867 Following the dissolution of the German Confederation,
Limburg is incorporated into the Kingdom of the Netherlands;
Hertogdom Limburg continues in some official use to 1906,
while the style Hertog van Limburg remains incorporated
(tacitly, as part of enz., enz., enz.) into the royal style
until 4 Sep 1948.

Dukes
19 Apr 1839 - 11 May 1867 the kings of the Netherlands

Governors/Commissioners of the King 19 Apr 1839 - 11 May 1867 see the province of Limburg

Thorn (Thorn in Limburg)

c.972 Benedictine Abbey of Thorn (Abbatia Thorensis/Stift Thorn).
17 Sep 1292 Imperial immediacy (Reichsstift Thorn/Rijksabdij van Thorn)
confirmed by King Adolf.
30 Nov 1310 Members of the abbey emphasize their status as secular noble canons
and claim they had never been Benedictines.
16 Dec 1485 Emperor Maximilian declares the abbess, the chapter, and subjects
of Thorn under Imperial protection (confirmed 2 Jul 1494, and
again by Emperor Ferdinand 28 Jul 1559).
1602 - 1636 Spanish troops quartered in Thorn.
1636 - 1648 Imperial troops quartered in Thorn.
1648 - 1652 Dutch troops quartered in Thorn.
1652 - 1653 Duchy of Lorraine troops quartered in Thorn.
1653 - 1656 French troops quartered in Thorn.
1699 Brandenburg and Bavarian imperial troops quartered in Thorn.
7 Dec 1706 Statute or Recession of the Chapter of Thorn (Statutum seu Recessus capituli Thorensis) confirms that Thorn is an imperial
subject and thar the Abbess is a Princesses of the Empire.
3 Oct 1715 Thorn is recognized by the Netherlands as under the Empire and
the Staten-Generaal renounces its jurisdiction over it.
4 Oct 1794 - 1 Oct 1795 Occupied by France.
1 Oct 1795 - 15 Feb 1814 Annexed by France (part of d�partement de la Meuse-Inf�rieure).
15 Feb 1814 - 16 Mar 1815 Allied administration (under Prussia prov.: Niederrhein).
16 Mar 1815 Part of the Netherlands.

Princess-Abbesses (title from 1661, des heiligen R�mishen Reichs F�rstin und �btissin deren Keyserlichen frey-weltlichen Stifftern Essen und Thorn, in Beyern, zu Gulich, Cleve und Berg Hertzogin, F�rstin zu Moers, Gr�fin zu Veldenz, Sponheim, der Marck und Ravensberg, Frau zu Ravenstein, Breisig, Relinghausen, Huckard, Ubach und Neeroeteren, etc., etc./Vorstin van het Heilige Roomsche Rijk, Vorstin-abdis van Essen en Thorn, Hertogin van Beieren, Gulik, Cleef en Berg, Vorstin van Meurs, Gravin van Veldenz, Sponheim, Marck en Ravensberg, Vrouw tot Ravenstein, Breisig, Relinghausen, Huckard, Ubach en Neeroeteren ["Princess and Abbess of their Imperial Free-Secular Foundations in Essen and Thorn, in Bayern, in J�lich, Cleves and Berg Duchess, Princess of Moers, Countess of Veldenz, Sponheim, the Mark and Ravensberg, Lady of Ravenstein, Breisig, Relinghausen, Huckard, Ubach and Neeroeteren, etc., etc."])(from 15 Oct 1726, also princess-abbesses of Essen; resident in Essen)
15 Mar 1691 - 6 Oct 1706 Eleonora von L�wenstein- (b. 1653 - d. 1706)
Rochefort
7 Dec 1706 - 12 Jan 1717 Anna Juliana Helena von (b. 1665 - d. 1717)
Manderscheid-Blankenheim-Gerolstein
30 Mar 1717 - 16 Jul 1776 Franziska Christine Pfalzgr�fin (b. 1696 - d. 1776)
von Sulzbach
14 Jun 1756 - 7 Nov 1773 Anna Charlotte von Lothringen, (b. 1714 - d. 1773)
�btissin von Remiremont
(co-adjutrice)
16 Jul 1776 - 1 Oct 1795 Maria Kunigunde Dorothee Herzogin (b. 1740 - d. 1826)
von Sachsen
(co-adjutrice from 23 Nov 1775)

Meiers (Intendants) of Thorn
1687 - 1705 Johannes Meyers(Meiers)
1705 - 1721 Christiaan Hermans
1724 - 1749 Johan Jacob Parren
1750 - 1759 D. Weiler
1761 - 1763 Jan Willem Joseph van Stoltzen
1763 D.H. Fabrij (Fabry)
1763 - 1785 N. de Borman
1786 - 1795 Jacobus Norbertus van der Schoor (b. 1748 - d. 1847)
(absent 23 Jul 1794 - 1795)
1795 J.C. Coomans (substitute)
1795 N. M�lbrag (M�lbrach)

States in Brabant

Bergen-op-Zoom

22 Jun 1287 Lordship of Bergen-op-Zoom separated from Barony of Breda, under
overlordship of the Duke of Brabant.
May 1533 Margraviate of Bergen-op-Zoom (Markiezaat van Bergen op Zoom/ Markgrafschaft von Bergen op Zoom).
1567 - 1577 Spanish administration.
1577 Partition of the marquisate between the Staats Bergen-op-Zoom
(occupied by the Dutch Republic) and the territory of the
M arkiezaat van Bergen op Zoom.
23 Sep 1588 - 13 Nov 1588 Under Spanish siege of Bergen-op-Zoom.
1609 - 1621 Staats Bergen-op-Zoom restored to the Margrave.
1648 Staats Bergen-op-Zoom restored to the Margraves.
8 Jul 1622 - 2 Oct 1622 Under Spanish siege of Bergen-op-Zoom.
1672 - 1678 Occupied by Dutch Republic.
1688 - 1697 Occupied by Dutch Republic.
12 Jul 1747 - 16 Sep 1747 French siege of Bergen-op-Zoom.
16 Sep 1747 - 18 Oct 1748 Occupied by France.
9 Oct 1794 - 8 Jan 1795 Occupied by France.
8 Jan 1795 - 16 May 1795 Brabant and the generality lands annexed by France, but this is
canceled for the Staats-Brabant on 16 May 1795.
1795 Part of Provisional Arrondissement of Bergen-op-Zoom, under French
occupation (formed from Bergen-op-Zoom, Prinsenland, the
extreme south-west of Staats-Brabant and part of Zeeland).
16 May 1795 Incorporated into Batavian Republic (later Holland),
(part of Gewest Bataafs Brabant 11 Jun 1795-29 Mar 1799; the
departement van Schelde en Maas 30 Mar 1799-20 Jun 1802;
departement Bataafsche-Brabant 21 Jun 1802-6 Aug 1806;
7 Aug 1806 - 2 May 1810 departement Brabant).
2 May 1810 - 8 Mar 1814 Annexed to France (part of d�partement Deux-N�thes)(see Belgium).
8 Mar 1814 Part of Netherlands (part of province of Brabant).

Margraves/ Margravines (title Markies/Markiezin van Bergen-op-Zoom/ Markgraf/Markgrafin von Bergen-op-Zoom)
1633 - 1650 Albert II van den Bergh (b. 1607 - d. 1656)
- in opposition to -
1635 - 29 Nov 1671 Maria Elisabeth II (f) (b. 1631 - d. 1671)
- jointly with -
1635 - 11 Jul 1661 Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern- (b. 1601 - d. 1661)
Hechingen
1672 - 17 Oct 1698 Henri�tte Francisca (f) (b. 1642 - d. 1698)
- jointly with -
1672 - 17 Oct 1698 Fr�d�ric Maurice, comte d'Auvergne (b. 1642 - d. 1707)
17 Oct 1698 - 27 Jul 1710 Fran�ois Egon, prince de la Tour (b. 1675 - d. 1710)
d'Auvergne
27 Jul 1710 - 28 Jul 1728 Marie Anne Henriette Leopoldine (f)(b. 1708 - d. 1728)
27 Jul 1710 - 1722 Marie Anne von Arenberg (f)-Regent (b. 1689 - d. 1736)
- jointly with -
1722 - 28 Jul 1728 Johann Christian Joseph Prinz (b. 1700 - d. 1733)
von der Pfalz-Sulzbach
28 Jul 1728 - 30 Jan 1795 Karl Philipp Theodor Pfalzgraf (b. 1724 - d. 1799)
(Elector of Pfalz from 1742 and
Elector of Bavaria from 1777)
1728 - 1742 Maria Enrietta del Caretto di (b. 1671 - d. 1744)
Savona e Grana (f) -Regent
Drossaard van het Zuid en Westkwartier van het Markiezaat van Bergen op Zoom
1794 - 1795 Petrus Josephus Cuypers (b. 1763 - d. 1844)

Governors of Bergen-op-Zoom
1697 - 11 Apr 1708 Jacques-Louis, comte de Noyelles (b. c.1655 - d. 1708)
en Fallais
1704 - 1706 Nicolas (Niklaus) Tscharner (acting)
18 Dec 1706 - 1707 Nicolaas Frederik Andriesz. (b. 1670 - d. 1757)
Boogaert van Alblasserdam heer
van Alblasserdam
1707 - 1709 Johan Abraham van Riebeeck (b. 1653 - d. 1713)
22 Nov 1709 - 18 Feb 1714 Coenraad Willem van Dedem heer (b. 1644 - d. 1714)
van Gelder
20 Feb 1714 - 4 Nov 1719 Willem baron Wassenaer van (b. 1670 - d. 1719)
Duvenvoorde
1719 - 3 Nov 1730 Frederik Sirtema baron van (b. 1668 - d. 1730)
Grovestins
1730 - 1733 Johan Rabo baron van Keppel (b. 1677 - d. 1733)
heer van Peckedam
24 Jun 1733 - 1744 Reinhart Deens baron van Reede (b. 1678 - d. 1747)
heer tot Ginkel (Ginckel)
2 Sep 1744 - Jun 1746 Philips Willem baron van der Duyn (b. 1687 - d. 1756)
9 Jun 1746 - 16 Sep 1747 Wilhelm Ludwig Prinz von Hessen- (b. 1692 - d. 1761)
Philippsthal-Barchfeld
16 Sep 1747 - 18 Oct 1748 occupied by France
1748 - 1760 Andreas August graaf van Praetorius(b. 1683 - d. 1762)
1760 - 1765 Karel Christiaan prins van Nassau- (b. 1735 - d. 1788)
Weilburg
(= Karl Christian F�rst von Nassau-Weilburg)
1765 - 1773 Frederik Willem graaf van Nassau- (b. 1768 - d. 1818)
Weilburg
(= Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von Nassau-Weilburg)
1773 - 16 Aug 1784 Gideon Salomon Deutz (b. 1710 - d. 1784)
23 Sep 1784 - 1791 Johan Adolph baron van Hardenbroek (b. 1721 - d. 1791)
20 Apr 1791 - 9 Oct 1794 Wilhelm Landgraf von Hessen- (b. 1726 - d. 1810)
Philippsthal

Breda

1125 Lordship of Breda (dominium de Breda), First mentioned; imperial
immediate fief of the Holy Roman Empire.
1196/98 - 1327 Fief of the Duchy of Brabant.
1287 Partitioned between itself, the Lordship of Bergen-op-Zoom,
and the Land of Steenbergen.
1327 - 1350 Duchy of Brabant administration.
1339 - 1577 Fief of the Duchy of Brabant (technically to 1795).
1350 Sold to Wassenaar.
1403 Barony of Breda (Baronie van Breda)to Nassau-Dillenburg.
1544 To Orange-Nassau.
1567 - 1577 Sequestered by Spain.
1581 - 1590 Administered by Spanish Netherlands (see Belgium).
1590 - 1625 Administered by Dutch Republic.
1625 - 1637 Administered by Spanish Netherlands.
1637 - 27 Feb 1793 Administered by the Dutch Republic.
27 Feb 1793 - 18 Mar 1793 French occupation.
8 Jan 1795 - 16 May 1795 Brabant and the Generality Lands annexed by France, but this is
canceled for Staats-Brabant on 16 May 1795.
27 Jan 1795 - 16 May 1795 French occupation of Breda.
1795Provisional Arrondissement of Breda formed from Breda and
middle-west of the Staats-Brabant.
16 May 1795 Incorporated into Batavian Republic (later Holland),
(part of Gewest Bataafs Brabant 12 Jun 1795-28 Jan 1798; the
departement Schelde en Maas 30 Mar 1799 - 20 Jun 1802;
departement Bataafsche-Brabant 21 Jun 1802-6 Aug 1806;
7 Aug 1806-2 May 1810 departement Brabant).
3 May 1810 - 22 Dec 1813 Annexed toFrance (part of d�partement of Deux-N�thes; from 15 Dec
1813, part of d�partement des Bouches-du-Rhin)(see Belgium).
8 Mar 1814 Part of Netherlands (part of province of Brabant).

Barons (title Baron van Breda/Freiherr von Breda)
1637 - 14 Mar 1647 Frederick Hendrick prins van (b. 1584 - d. 1647)
Oranje graaf van Nassau
(2nd time)
14 Mar 1647 - 6 Nov 1650 Wilhem prins van Oranje graaf (b. 1626 - d. 1650)
van Nassau
6 Nov 1650 - 19 Mar 1702 Wilhem Hendrick prins van Oranje (b. 1650 - d. 1702)
en Nassau
1702 - 1732 the Staten-Generaal(Acting)
1732 - 22 Oct 1751 Willem IV Karel Hendrik Friso (b. 1711 - d. 1751)
prins van Oranje en Nassau
22 Oct 1751 - 16 Feb 1795 Willem V Batavus prins van (b. 1748 - d. 1806)
Oranje en Nassau
(in exile from 18 Jan 1795)
French Commander
23 Feb 1793 - 3 Apr 1793 Louis Charles de la Motte-Ango,
vicomte de Flers (b. 1756 - d. 1794)
Commissioner of Provisional Arrondissement of Breda
27 Jan 1795 - 1795 Sigouin
President of the Provisional Municipality of Breda
27 Jan 1795 - 16 Mar 1795 Steven Bernhard Jantzon (b. 1766 - d. 1828)

Cuyk (Cuijk)

c.1096 County of Cuijk (comitatus Ceuclum).
1132 - 1371 Cadet line Cuijk-Arnsberg founded when Godfried van Cuijk acquired
Arnsberg, from 1166 a fief of Cologne.
1233 Grave granted city rights by the Duke of Brabant, feudal lord of
the lords of Cuijk (Kuyc).
1308 Grave and the Land van Cuijk (Grave en het land van Cuijk)
receiving common lands from Jan I van Cuijk.
1352 Cedes Fredeburg to Marck.
1368 Cuijk-Arnsberg sold to Cologne.
1400 - 1423 Possession of the Dukes of Guelders through inheritance.
1423 - 1472 Possession of theLords of Egmond (Egmont).
1442 Oeffelt sold by the Lord of Cuijk to the seigneury of Gennep, which
is subject to the Duchy of Cleves.
1472 - 1492 Possession of the Dukes of Burgundy.
1492 - 1519 Possession of Maximilian I von Habsburg of Austria.
1519 - 1559 Possession of the Habsburgs of Spain.
1559 Barony of Grave and the Land of Cuijk (baronie van Grave en het
land van Cuijk) issued as a pledge to Willem I van Oranje
(confiscated by Philipp II of Spain in 1568).
1568 - 1577 Spanish occupation.
8 Jul 1584 Personal union with Breda.
1586 - 1602 Spanish occupation.
1602 Conquest of Grave by the Dutch under Maurits van Nassau.
1611 Maurits receives Grave and Cuijk as an irredeemable and hereditary
fief (from 1648, part of part of Staats-Brabant).
1672 - 1674 French occupation.
28 Dec 1794 - 16 May 1795 French occupation (siege of Grave begins 1 Dec 1794).
28 Dec 1794 Provisional Arrondissement of Grave, under French protection;
formed from the extreme-east of Staats-Brabant (area of Cuijk).
16 May 1795 Incorporated into Batavian Republic (later Holland),
(part of Gewest Bataafs Brabant 11 Jun 1795-29 Mar 1799; the
departement van de Drommel 30 Mar 1799 - 20 Jun 1802;
departement _Bataafsche-Brabant_21 Jun 1802 - 6 Aug 1806;
7 Aug 1806-2 May 1810 departement Brabant).
3 May 1810 - Feb 1814 Annexed to France (part of d�partement des Bouches-du-Rhin; from
26 Feb 1814, part of d�partement d'Yssel-Sup�rieur).
8 Mar 1814 Part of Netherlands (part of province of Brabant).

Barons (title Baron van de stad Grave en het Land van Cuijk)
8 Jul 1584 - 16 May 1795 the barons of Breda
Commissioner of Provisional Arrondissement of Grave
1794 - Jun 1795 Jonkheer Jacob van der Dussen (b. 1763 - d. 1820)

Ambtmannen (representing the Barons of Breda)
1588 - 1609 Jonkheer Anthonis van Berchem
heer van Berchem
1609 - 1652 Jonkheer Godevaert van Steenhuijs
heer van Oploo
1652 - 1679 Ludolf van Steenhuijs heer van
Oploo
1673 - Jun 1674 Adolph Engelbrecht baron
van Kerkhem
(appointed by the French)
1679 - 1722 Walraad baron de Steenhuijs (d. 1722)
vrijheer tot Heumen
1722 - 1754 Adriaan baron van Lijnden (b. 1677 - d. 1754)
burggraaf van het Rijk van
Nijmegen
1754 - 1770 Sigismund Coenraad Roeleman (b. 1729 - d. 1770)
graaf van Bylandt
1770 - 1780 Maurits Cornelis Pasques de Chavonnes
1780 - 1791 Pasques de Chavonnes baron van
Heeckeren tot Weersen
1791 - 1795 Jonkheer Jacob van der Dussen (s.a.)

Gemert

c.1076 Lordship of Gemert (rijksheerlijkheid Gemert/Herrschaft Gemert)
under a family named "De Gamerthe" ("De Gemerde").
12th cent. To local Lords of Gemert as fief of Brabant.
1220 Partitioned between itself (de Gemert family) and the Teutonic
Order; Gemert hereafter ruled as a condominium until 1366 with
two separate administrations with joint jurisdiction
(Herrschaft und Kommende Gemert).
1331 Gemert half to 's-Hertogenbosch.
1366 Teutonic Order acquired the whole territory of Gemert as Gemert
Free Sovereign Domain and Commandery of the Teutonic Order
(Commanderij van Gemert)(subordinated to Teutonic Order Bailiwick
of Alden Biesen) as fief of Brabant.
1478 Imperial immediacy granted.
1648 - 24 Jun 1662 Dutch occupation.
1662 The Netherlands recognizes the sovereign rights of the Order
over Gemert.
21 Oct 1794 - 16 May 1795 French occupation
16 May 1795 - 17 Mar 1800 Annexed to France (from 23 Jan 1798, part of d�partement Roer).
17 Mar 1800 Incorporated into Batavian Republic (later Kingdom of Holland)
(confirmed in Peace of Lun�ville 9 Feb 1801)
(part of the Gecedeerde Landen 17 Mar 1800-25 Sep 1805;
26 Sep 1805-6 Aug 1806 departement Bataafs Brabant;
7 Aug 1806-2 May 1810 departement Brabant).
3 May 1810 - 1814 Annexed to France (part of d�partement des Bouches-du-Rhin).
8 Mar 1814 Part of Netherlands (part of province of Brabant).

Lords (title Heer van Gemert/Herr von Gemert) 1366 - 21 Oct 1794 the Bailiffs (Landkomtur) of Alden Biesen

Commanders (Kommandeur der Duitsche orde te Gemert )(subordinated to Bailiffs of Alden Biesen)
(commanders, from 1720 were titular and did not reside in Gemert)
1558 - 25 May 1570 Wynand van Eynatten (d. 1570)
(acting to 1660)
1570 - 1598 Godaart van Ahr (Aer) (d. 1598)
1598 - 17 Sep 1630 Hendrik van Holtrop (d. 1630)
1630 - 1635 Vacant
1635 - 1654 Caspar Ulrich Thoen baron van (d. 1654)
Hoensbroek
1654 - 18 Mar 1684 Ambrosius baron de Lerod Virmundt (d. 1684)
(administrator to 1661)
Dec 1684 - 1691 Hendrik baron van Wassenaer (b. 1642 - d. 1709)
tot Warmond
6 Mar 1691 - 21 Mar 1712 Bertram Wessel baron van Lo� (b. 1644 - d. 1712)
tot Wissen
1712 - 1716 Vacant
3 Jun 1716 - 2 Mar 1720 Bertram Anton baron van (b. 1674? - d. 1720)
Wachtendonk tot Germenseel
1720 - 1744 Vacant
1744 - 30 Nov 1763 Johan Jozef baron van der Noot (b. 1707 - d. 1763)
1763 - 1770 Vacant
1770 - 1777 Nicolus-Bernardus de Borggrave (b. 1715 - d. 1777)
(Borchgrave)
1778 - 1794 Clemens August baron van (b. 1719 - d. 1796)
Plettenberg
1793 - 1794 Jan Hubert Robijns (b. 1758 - d. 1833)
(acting for Plettenberg)

Rentmeester/Drossaard van Gemert
1... - 1733 Godefroy Cox
1734 - 1760 Fran�ois van der Geest (b. 1699 - d. 17..)
1760 - 1785 Peter Adrian de la Court (b. 1725 - d. 1792)
1785 - 1786 Theodorus Antonius Franciscus (b. 1746 - d. 1786)
Borret
1786 - 1794 Maria Petronella Aerdts (f) (b. 1746 - d. 1829)
1793 - 1794 Jan Hubert Robijns (s.a.)
(acting for Aerdts)
1794 J.J.F. Meyer

Megen

721/22 First mentioned as Meginum.
1145 County of Megen (Graafschap Megen/Grafschaft Megen) first
mentioned; county included the city of Megen and villages
of Haren, Macharen and Teefelen. Also called the Stad en Land
van Megen.
1190 Imperial immediacy.
1420 Purchased by Henric (Henrik) Dicbier.
16 Feb 1470 Sold to Guy de Brimeu (b. c.1433/34 - d. 1477).
1610 Passed to the Cro� family.
1648 - 1671 Disputed between Cro� family and the Dutch Staten-Generaal.
30 Nov 1671 The Netherlands recognizes the independence of the county.
6 Apr 1697 Purchased by Elector Johann Wilhelm of the Palatinate.
6 Sep 1728 Purchased by Maximilian Damian Freiherr von Schall zu Bell.
21 Oct 1794 - 16 May 1795 Occupied by France.
16 May 1795 - 14 Mar 1800 Annexed to France (from 23 Jan 1798, part of d�partement Roer).
5 Jan 1800 Sold by France to Batavian Republic (later Kingdom of Holland)
(confirmed in Peace of Lun�ville 9 Feb 1801)
(part of the Gecedeerde Landen 14 Mar 1800-25 Sep 1805;
26 Sep 1805-6 Aug 1806 departement Bataafs Brabant;
7 Aug 1806-2 May 1810 departement Brabant).
25 Feb 1803 Count of Schall is compensated for the loss of Megen with perpetual
interest of 12,000 guilders (to be paid by the Elector of
W�rttemberg by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss).
3 May 1810 - 20 Nov 1813 Annexed toFrance (part of d�partement des Bouches-du-Rhin).
8 Mar 1814 Part of Netherlands (part of province of Brabant).

Counts (title Graaf van Megen/ Graf zu Megen)
Oct 1674 � 8 Oct 1675 Alexander Graf zu Vehlen (b. 1599 - d. 1675)
8 Oct 1675 � 7 Jul 1685 Ferdinand Gottfried Graf zu Vehlen (b. 1626 - d. 1685)
7 Jul 1685 � 6 Apr 1697 Alexander Otto Graf zu Vehlen (b. 1657 - d. 1727)
6 Apr 1697 � 8 Jun 1716 Johann Wilhelm Pfalzgraf bei Rhein (b. 1658 - d. 1716)
8 Jun 1716 � 6 Sep 1728 Karl Philipp Pfalzgraf bei Rhein (b. 1661 - d. 1742)
6 Sep 1728 � 4 Feb 1741 Maximilian Damian Freiherr von (b. 1681 - d. 1741)
Schall zu Bell
4 Feb 1741 � 3 Dec 1783 Ferdinand Freiherr von Schall (b. 1720 - d. 1783)
Bell (from 7 Sep 1745, Graf von Schall zu Bell)
3 Dec 1783 � 21 Oct 1794 Karl Theodor Graf von Schall zu (b. 1747 - d. 1832)
Bell

� Ben Cahoon