South Sudan (original) (raw)

South Sudan

President
9 Jul 2011 - Salva Kiir Mayardit (b. 1951) SPLM

Southern Sudan Region

9 Jul 2005 - 9 Jul 2011 Region Flag

Chairmen of the Southern Region High Executive Council
6 Apr 1972 - Feb 1978 Abel Alier Kwai Kut (1st time) (b. 1933) SSU
(interim to 1974)
Feb 1978 - 12 Jul 1979 Joseph Lagu Yokobo Yanga (b. 1929) SSLM
12 Jul 1979 - 30 May 1980 Peter Gatkuoth Gual (b. 1938 - d. 1992) SSU
30 May 1980 - 5 Oct 1981 Abel Alier Kwai Kut (2nd time) (s.a.) SSU
5 Oct 1981 - 23 Jun 1982 Gismalla Abdalla Rasas (interim) (b. 1932 - d. 2013) Mil
23 Jun 1982 - 5 Jun 1983 Joseph James Tombura (b. 1929 - d. 1992) SSU
5 Jun 1983 - 25 May 1985 Post abolished
25 May 1985 - May 1986 James Loro Siricio Mawngi (b. 1942) SSU
May 1986 - May 1987 Post abolished
Chairmen of the Coordination Council for the South
31 Jan 1987 - Jan 1988 Mathew Obur Ayang (b. 1934 - d. 2009) SPLM
Jan 1988 - Jun 1989 Angelo Bangbaru Beda (b. 1939) SSPA
Jun 1989 - 7 Aug 1997 Post abolished
Chairmen of the **Coordinating Council for Southern Sudan
7 Aug 1997 - 31 Jan 2000 Riek Machar Teny Dhurgon (b. 1952) SSIM
2000 - 2001 Angelo Bangbaru Beda (acting) (s.a.) NCP
2001 - 9 Dec 2002 Gabriel Gatluak Deng Garang Alier (b. 1953 - d. 2014) SNC
9 Dec 2002 - 2005 Riek Gai Kok (b. 1954) SNC
Presidents of the Government of Southern Sudan
9 Jul 2005 - 30 Jul 2005 John Garang de Mabior Atem Aruai (b. 1945 - d. 2005) SPLM
1 Aug 2005 - 9 Jul 2011 Salva Kiir Mayardit (s.a.) SPLM
(acting to 11 Aug 2005)

Southern Sudan Liberation Movements (1969-2005)

President of the Southern Sudan Liberation Front (SSLF)
(from Aug 1971, Southern Sudan Liberation Movement [SSLM])
Oct 1969 - 28 Mar 1972 Joseph Lagu Yokobo Yanga (s.a.) SSLF;1971 SSLM
Chairman of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM)
5 Jun 1983 - 9 Jan 2005 John Garang de Mabior Atem Aruai (s.a.) SPLM

Governments in Exile (Based in Kampala, Uganda)

President of the Southern Sudan Provisional Government (at Bungu)
15 Aug 1967 - 27 Mar 1969 Aggrey Jaden (b. 1924 - d. 1985) SANU+AN
President of the Provisional Government of the Nile (NPG)
Mar 1969 - 23 Jul 1970 Gordon Muortat Mayen (b. 1922 - d. 2008) Mil+AN
President of the Anyidi Revolutionary Government (in opposition to NPG)
16 Jul 1969 - Apr 1970 Emilio Tafeng Odongi (b. 1917 - d. 198.) Mil+AN

Territorial Disputes: periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic over water and grazing rights; the unresolved demarcation of the boundary and lack of clear limitation create substantial room for territorial conflict both locally among the border populations and between the two capitals; besides a large number of indigenous farmers, the border region supports refugees and various rebel groups opposed to the governments in Khartoum and Addis Ababa; two thirds of the boundary that separates Kenya and South Sudan's sovereignty known as the "Ilemi Triangle" has been unclear since British colonial times, Kenya has administered the area since colonial times; officials from Kenya and South Sudan signed a memorandum of understanding on boundary delimitation and demarcation and agreed to set up a joint committee; as of Jul 2019, the demarcation process was to begin in 90-days, but was delayed due to a lack of funding; present boundary represents 1 Jan 1956 alignment, which clearly placed the Kafia Kingi area (adjacent to Central African Republic) within South Sudan as shown on U.S. maps although it is mostly occupied by The Sudan; final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; the final sovereignty status of Abyei Area pending negotiations between South Sudan and Sudan; clashes continue in the oil-rich Abyei region; the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has been deployed since 2011, when South Sudan became independent, The Sudan accuses South Sudan of supporting Sudanese rebel groups; South Sudan controls The Sudan claimed "14-mile" and Kaka areas, plus several other sites within areas claimed by both countries.

Party abbreviations

: SANU = Sudan African National Union (South Sudan autonomist, African nationalist, 1960-63 named Sudan African Closed Districts National Union, est.1963); SPLM = Sudanese People's Liberation Movement (pro-southern autonomy, ethnic Dinka dominated, political arm of Sudan Peoples' Liberation Army, est.31 Jul 1983); SSLM = South Sudan Liberation Movement (Southern Sudan regionalist, former AN and SSLF, est.Aug 1971); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: ALF = Azania Liberation Front (Southern Sudan separatist, Feb 1965-Jul 1970); AN = Anya-Nya (Southern Sudan militant separatist, 1969-1971, merged into SSLF); NCP = al-Mu'tamar al-Watani (National Congress Party, Arab nationalist, islamist conservative, The Sudan state party 1996-2000, est.1996); SF = Southern Front (Southern Sudan regionalist, 1964-1969); SNC = Sudanese National Congress Party (Arab/Muslim nationalist, islamist, The Sudan government party from 1996, est.1996); SPLM-U = Sudan People's Liberation Movement-United (SPLM Riek Machar faction, Aug 1991-Oct 1994, then SSIM); SSIM = Southern Sudan Independence Movement (Riek Machar faction of SPLM, former SPLM-U, 10 Oct 1994-2002); SSLF = South Sudan Liberation Front (renamed Aug 1971 merged into SSLM); SSU = Al-Ittihad Al-Ishtiraki Al-Sudaniy (Sudanese Socialist Union, Arab nationalist, socialist, state party of Sudan, 1971-1985)

Lado Enclave

15 Jan 1897 - 10 Jun 1910

May 1892 First Congolese expedition in the Bahr al-Ghazal.

12 May 1894 British-Congo Free State Treaty. In order to prevent a French

take over of the Bahr al-Ghazal and to open a "second front"

against the Mahdists, the British leased for the lifetime of

Leopold II the Bahr al-Ghazal (region between the Nile,

Lake Albert, 10� Northern Latitude and 25� Western Longitude)

to Congo (later Lado district).

14 Aug 1894 French-Congo Free State treaty sets the western boundary of Lado.

Congo agrees to only occupy the area between the Nile River, Lake

Albert, 5�30' NL and 30� WL.

17 Feb 1897 Mahdist tropos are defeated at Bedden Battle by the Congo Free

State army led by Lt. Louis Chaltin. Congolese troops start
occupying the territory. At first limited to the Lado Enclave,
occupation later extends to other parts of Bahr al-Ghazal.
19 Jan 1899 U.K. proclaims the Bahr al-Ghazal a part of the Anglo-Egyptian

Sudan. Belgian Congolese presence and expansion continues.

9 May 1906 British-Congo Free State Treaty, the lease of the Bahr al-Ghazal

is canceled, only the Lado enclave remains leased to the

Belgian Congo for King Leopold's lifetime.

3 Aug 1907 Last Congolese troops leave Bahr al-Ghazal (except Lado enclave).

10 Jun 1910 Lado district handed over to Anglo-Egyptian Sudan government,

as part of Mongalla province.

Commandants Sup�rieur of Uele and the Lado Enclave
17 Feb 1897 - Nov 1897 Louis Napol�on Chaltin (1st time) (b. 1857 - d. 1933)
Nov 1897 - 15 Dec 1898 L�on Charles �douard Hanolet (b. 1859 - d. 1908)
(1st time)
15 Dec 1898 - 1 May 1900 Jean-Baptiste Josu� Henry (b. 1869 - d. 1957)
1 May 1900 - Mar 1902 Louis Napol�on Chaltin (2nd time) (s.a.)
Mar 1902 - Jan 1903 L�on Charles �douard Hanolet (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Jan 1903 - 24 Mar 1904 Georges Fran�ois Wtterwulghe (b. 1871 - d. 1904)
24 Mar 1904 - 1904 Florian Alexandre Fran�ois Wacquez (b. 1870 - d. 1914)
(acting for Wtterwulghe to 8 May 1904)
1904 - May 1907 Ferdinand, baron de Rennette de (b. 1869 - d. 1947)
Villers-Perwin (acting to Aug 1906)

Chief of the Lado Enclave Zone
1899 - 1900 Gustave Ferdinand Joseph Renier (b. 1867 - d. 1914)
Commandants of the Lado Enclave
1900 - Jan 1903 Gustave Ferdinand Joseph Renier (s.a.)
Jan 1903 - Aug 1903 Alb�ric Constantin �douard Bruneel (b. 1863 - d. 1914)
Aug 1903 - Mar 1905 Henri Laurent Serexhe (b. 1869 - d. 1934)
Mar 1905 - May 1907 Guillaume L�opold Olaerts (b. 1867 - d. 19..)
Commandants Sup�rieur of Uele and the Lado Enclave
May 1907 - Jan 1908 Guillaume L�opold Olaerts (s.a.)
Jan 1908 - Apr 1909 L�on N�stor Preud'homme (b. 1871 - d. 1936)
Apr 1909 - 1910 Alexis F�licien Bertrand (b. 1870 - d. 1946)
1910 - Jun 1910 Charles Eug�ne �douard de Meulenaer (b. 1873 - d. 1920)

Shilluk (Chollo) c.1545 Shilluk (Chollo) kingdom founded.
10 Jul 1898 French forces under Jean-Baptiste Marchand (b. 1863 - d. 1934)
arrive at Fashoda, declaring a protectorate on 3 Sep 1898.
18 Sep 1898 British forces arrive at Fashoda.
3 Nov 1898 French forces withdraw.
21 Mar 1899 Anglo-French Agreement recognizes the Upper Nile as a
British sphere of influence.

Reths
c.1545 - 15.. Nyikang
15.. - 15.. Col wad Nyikang
15.. - 15.. Dak wad Nyikang
15.. - c.1600 Nyidoro wad Dak
c.1600 - c.1635 Odak Ocwolo wad Dak
c.1635 - c.1650 Duwat wad Ocwolo
c.1650 - c.1660 Bwoc wad Duwat
c.1660 - c.1661 Akac
c.1661 - c.1667 Abudok nya Bwoc (f)
c.1667 - c.1690 Tokot wad Bwoc
c.1690 - c.1710 Tugo wad Tokot
c.1710 - c.1715 Okon wad Tugo
c.1715 - c.1745 Nyadwai wad Tugo
c.1740 - c.1745 Ngu Abab (in rebellion)
c.1745 - c.1750 Muko wad Nyadwai
c.1750 - c.1760 Wak wad Nyadwai
c.1760 - c.1770 Tyelgut wad Nyadwai
c.1770 - c.1780 Kudit wad Okon
c.1780 - c.1820 Yor Nyakwac wad Kudit
c.1820 - c.1825 Aney wad Nyakwac
c.1825 - c.1835 Akwot wad Nyakwac
c.1835 - c.1840 Awin wad Nyakwac
c.1840 - c.1845 Akoc wad Akwot
c.1845 - Feb 1859 Nyidok wad Nyakwac (d. 1859)
1859 Acin wad Akwot
1859 - 1861 Kwadker wad Akwot (d. 1861)
1861 - 1875 Ajang wad Nyidok (d. 1875)
1875 Dedunyal wad Ajang
1875 - 1876 Vacant
1876 - 8 Dec 1881 Kuikon wad Kwadker (d. 1881)
1882 - 1892 Yor wad Akoc (d. 1892)
1892 - 1903 Kur Galdwan wad Nyidok "Kur Rac" (d. 1908)
1903 - 22 Feb 1918 Fadyet wad Kwadker (d. 1918)
1918 - Sep 1943 Fafiti wad Yor (d. 1943)
15 Mar 1944 - 10 Nov 1945 Aney wad Kur (b. 1900 - d. 1945)
Jan 1946 - 8 May 1951 Dak wad Fadyet (b. 1904 - d. 1951)
Feb 1952 - 24 Jul 1974 Kur wad Papiti (b. 1928 - d. 1974)
1974 - 1 Jun 1992 Ayang wad Aney Kur (b. 1944 - d. 1992)
(= Tipo wad Aney)
27 Apr 1993 - Kwongo wad Dak Alagi Padiet (b. 1945)

� Ben Cahoon