280 B.C. - events and references (original) (raw)

Click on the links in the lists of references to go to the sources for each event

EGY {Hathyr -E = January} Document: AET_8.6, honours for a wool-trader in Naucratis.

ROM {1 April -R} The triumph of Marcius, over the Etruscans.
@ #FastTr_p98.

EGY << **Ptolemy II authorises the translation of the Jewish Bible into Greek, and sends gifts to the high priest Eleazar.**
* Read Aristeas' account
@ Aristeas_28-120;* Joseph:AJ_12'34-84; Euseb:HistEc_5.8'11<q"Irenaeus>;Tert:Apol_18'5-6; +Hieron:Chron_1736; August:DeCiv_8'11,(↓) 18'42; Syncell_325; Tzetz:ProlCom_21.

Eleazar sends seventy Jewish scholars to assist Ptolemy, who holds a banquet in their honour.
* Read Aristeas' account
@ Aristeas_121-300;* Joseph:AJ_12'85-102; Euseb:HistEc_5.8'12<q"Irenaeus>;Tert:Apol_18'7; ClemAl:Strom_1'22; August:DeCiv_18'42,(↓) '43.

GRE {29 Thargelion -G = June} Document: IG_2³.883, an Athenian decree in honour of the people of Tenos.

ITA Pyrrhus sends Cineas ahead to Tarentum.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ ~Plut:Pyrrh_15'1;* Zonar_8'2.(p303-7)

EPI Pyrrhus sets sail for Italy.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Ennius:Ann_177; ~Plut:Pyrrh_15'2-7;* Just_18.1'3; +Zonar_8'2.(p309-13)

ITA Pyrrhus arrives in Italy, bringing elephants to back up his army.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Polyb_2.41'11; Liv_31.3'6; ~[Liv]:Per_12; Plin:HN_8'16; ~Plut:Pyrrh_15'8-16'3;* Appian:Sam_8'1-3;(18) Paus_1.12'2; Gell_17.21'37; Just_18.1'3; ~Oros_4.1'5-6; +Zonar_8'2;(p313-7) { CAH_7.2'466; Green_230.}

ITA The Samnites join Pyrrhus.
* Read Livy's account
@ Liv_23.42'2,* '6, 31.7'11.

Pyrrhus offers to negotiate with the Romans.
* Read Dionysius' account
@ DionHal_19.9'1-10'5;* ~Plut:Pyrrh_16'4-5; DioCass_fr.40'13; +Zonar_8'3;(p317-9) { CAH_7.2'467-468.}

ETR Coruncanius leads an army against the Etruscans.
* Read Livy's account
@ ~[Liv]:Per_13;* +Zonar_8'4.(p331)

ITA Pyrrhus defeats the Romans at the battle of Heracleia.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Syll_392; Ennius:Ann_181-185; ~Diod_22.6'1-2; DionHal_19.11'1-12'6; ~[Liv]:Per_13; Frontin:Str_2.4'9, '13, 4.1'24, 7'7; ~Plut:Pyrrh_16'6-18'2,* :Flam_5'6, :Mor_194'F; Flor_1.13'7-8, '14-18; Appian:Sam_10'1;(22) Paus_1.12'2-3; DioCass_fr.40'14-19; Just_18.1'4-7; [Vict]:VirIll_35'3-5; Eutrop_2.11'2-3; ~Oros_4.1'8-18; +Zonar_8'3;(p323-7) { CAH_7.2'468; OCD�.}

Locri and other places desert from the Romans.
* Read Dio's account
@ Liv_35.14'9; DioCass_fr.40'21-22;* ~Just_18.1'8-9; +Zonar_8'3;(p327) { CAH_7.2'469.}

Ti.Coruncanius arrives with Roman reinforcements.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ ~Plut:Pyrrh_18'1-3;* Flor_1.13'19; Appian:Sam_10'8;(24) DioCass_fr.40'28; [Vict]:VirIll_35'7; +Zonar_8'4.(p331)

ROM {10 July -R} The triumph of Aemilius, over Tarentum and the Samnites and Sallentini.
@ #FastTr_p98.

MAC Ptolemy Ceraunus defeats Antigonus the son of Demetrius.
* Read Memnon's account
@ Memn_8'4-6;* ~Just_24.1'1, '8; { CAH_7.1'114; Errington_p80.}

SIC << Hicetas of Syracuse defeats Phintias of Acragas.
@ ~Diod_22.2'1.

EGY The Jewish Bible is translated into Greek (the "Septuagint").
* Read Aristeas' account
@ Aristeas_301-322;* Joseph:AJ_12'103-118; Tert:Apol_18'8; ClemAl:Strom_1'22; Euseb:HistEc_5.8'13-14<q"Irenaeus>,7.32'16<q"Anatolius>;Porph:Fr_42; [Euseb]:Chron_79, 127;(↓) ChronPasc_425'A-B; +Hieron:Chron_1736; August:DeCiv_8'11, 15'13, 18'42,(↓) '43; Malal_196; ExcBarb_35B; { ~ OCD�; Green_697?250.}

AEG ?? The historian Duris establishes himself as tyrant of Samos.
* Read Athenaeus' account
@ Athen_8.337'd;* Suda_L'776; { In the period before Samos came under the control of Ptolemy.}

?? Dedications made by Ptolemy, Polycleitus, Philocles, Iomilcus, and Xenophantus at the temple of Apollo on Delos.
@ BD_130'C.

PEL The founding of the Achaean League.
* Read Polybius' account
@ ~Polyb_2.39'11-41'12,* 43'1, 4.1'5-7; Strab_8'384,(7.1) '385;(7.3) Paus_7.7'1-2; { CAH_7.1'244; Errington_p86.}

GRE Heracleia-ad-Oetam joins the Aetolian League.
@ +Paus_10.20'9; { ~CAH_7.1'234.}

<< Epicurus' friend Metrodorus assists Mithres, a former minister of Lysimachus who had been arrested at Peiraeus.
@ Plut:Mor_1097'B, 1126'E-F; { This probably happened soon after Lysimachus' defeat and death.}

24a

<< Document: Burstein_14,B a letter from Epicurus to Herodotus about the ransoming of Mithres.

CYP << Document: THI_252.C, a Phoenician dedication for the 'rightful scion' at Lapethus.

25a

ASI ?? Document: OGIS_215, three decrees of Priene in honour of Larichus.

25b

?? Document: Syll_284, a decree to restore the statue of a tyrannicide at Erythrae.

25c

?? Document: OGIS_218, a decree of Ilium for the prevention of tyranny.

<< Document: BD_16 (OGIS_219), a decree of Ilium in honour of Antiochus I.

Antiochus I is appointed "stephanephoros" of Miletus.
@ Syll_322'B; { Errington_p134.}

ITA Pyrrhus advances on Rome, as far as Anagnia in Latium.
* Read Dio's account
@ Liv_31.7'10; ~[Liv]:Per_13; Plin:HN_14'12;L Flor_1.13'24; Appian:Sam_10'10;(24) Ampel_28'3, 45'2;(?)DioCass_fr.40'25-26;* [Vict]:VirIll_35'6; ~Eutrop_2.12'1; +Zonar_8'4;(p331) { CAH_7.2'470.}

Pyrrhus retires to Campania.
* Read Zonaras' account
@ Appian:Sam_10'10;(24) DioCass_fr.40'27; ~Eutrop_2.12'1-2; +Zonar_8'4;* (p333-5) { CAH_7.2'470.}

SIC The Carthaginians defeat Hicetas.
@ ~Diod_22.2'2; { CAH_7.2'666.}

ROM Cineas arrives at Rome as the ambassador of Pyrrhus, and unsuccessfully attempts to win support with bribes.
* Read Diodorus' account
@ Cic:Tusc_1'59; Diod_22.6'3;* Liv_34.4'6; ~[Liv]:Per_13; ValMax_4.3'14; Seneca:Contr_1.pr'19;L Plin:HN_7'88; ~Plut:Pyrrh_18'4-5; Suda_D'1478<q"Aelian:Fr_6>;Just_18.2'7-8; Eutrop_2.12'4; +Zonar_8'4;(p347) { CAH_7.2'470-471.}

>> The senate rejects Pyrrhus' peace terms, after a speech by Ap.Claudius Caecus.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Ennius:Ann_194-196; Cic:Brut_55, 61, :Sen_16, :Phil_1'11; ~[Liv]:Per_13; Ovid:Fast_6'203-204; ValMax_8.13'5; Quint_2.16'7; ~Plut:Pyrrh_18'6-19'5,* :Mor_794'D-F; Flor_1.13'20; Appian:Sam_10'1-7;(22) Ampel_19'2; DioCass_fr.40'39-42; Just_18.2'10; [Vict]:VirIll_34'9; Eutrop_2.13'1; +Zonar_8'4;(p349) { CAH_7.2'399, '471; Green_693.}

ITA >> Cineas returns to Pyrrhus, and calls the Roman senate "a parliament of kings".
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Ennius:Ann_197; Liv_9.17'14; ~Plut:Pyrrh_19'5-7;* Flor_1.13'20; Appian:Sam_10'8-9;(24) Just_18.2'10; ~Eutrop_2.13'3; AmmMarc_16.10'5.

>> Fabricius is sent on a mission to Pyrrhus.
* Read Dionysius' account
@ Cic:Sen_43; DionHal_19.13'1-18'8;* ~[Liv]:Per_13; +CIL_6.37048; ValMax_4.3'6, 5.1e'3; Seneca:Contr_2.1'29,L 5.2;L Frontin:Str_4.3'2; ~Plut:Pyrrh_20'1-10, :Mor_195'A; Flor_1.13'21; Appian:Sam_10'11-14;(25) DioCass_fr.40'29-38; Just_18.2'6; Eutrop_2.12'2-3, 14'1; August:DeCiv_5'18;(↓↓) +Zonar_8'4;(p337-43) { OCD�.}

>> Pyrrhus releases the Roman prisoners.
* Read Dionysius' account
@ Ennius:Ann_186-193; Liv_22.59'18, 25.6'3; DionHal_20.6'1-3;* ~[Liv]:Per_13; ValMax_2.7'15; Frontin:Str_4.1'18; ~Plut:Pyrrh_20'10-11; Flor_1.13'15; Appian:Sam_10'15-16;(26) Just_18.1'10; [Vict]:VirIll_35'6; ~Eutrop_2.12'2,13'2; { CAH_7.2'471.}

ROM Cn.Domitius is appointed dictator, to hold the elections for new consuls.
@ +FastCap_p52.

GRE The floruit of the philosophers Zenon and Epicurus.
@ +Gell_17.21'38.

?? The tragic actor Polus appears in eight plays within four days, shortly before his death.
@ Plut:Mor_785'B-C<q"Philoch_222>;{ Polus was a pupil of Archias, the "exile-hunter" who was active about 322 B.C.}

38a

?? Document: THI_35, a treaty between Pellene and Delphi.

38b

?? Herophilus, an influential teacher of medicine, is alleged to have performed vivisection to explore anatomy.
@ Hygin:Fab_274; Celsus:Med_pr'23, Tert:Anim_10, 25.

CIL ?? The birth of the philosopher Chrysippus.
* Read Diogenes' account
@ Lucian:Macr_20; DiogLaert_7'184;* Suda_B'568; { OCD�; Green_633.}