(original) (raw)

2B><>18;8 ?5@8>40
1943-1947 3>4>2

;02=>5 >B;8G85 <>45@=878@>20==>3> 2 1948 3>4C -67 - HB0<?>20==0O >1;8F>2:0 @0480B>@0

-67 ?>1K20; 8 =0 :>@59A:>9 2>9=5
0 D>B> . (5@H5;0  A525@>:>@59A:0O 45;530F8O, ?@81K2H0O =0 ?5@53>2>@K 2 MA>=, 8N;L 1951 3>40.

0H8=K, ?@8=8<02H85 CG0AB85 2 ?0@040E 8;8 4@C38E >D8F80;L=KE <5@>?@8OB8OE, 2K3;O45;8 8=>9 @07 >G5=L :>;>@8B=>

    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
    K;> >G5284=>, GB> =5>1E>48<> 2>72@0I0BLAO : 8AE>4=>9 :>=F5?F88 468?0 A <>AB0<8 -61, =0 G5< 87=0G0;L=> 8 =0AB0820;8 :>=AB@C:B>@K. "0:0O @01>B0 1K;0 =0G0B0 ?> 8=8F80B825 -  2 023CAB5 1942 3>40. #65 26 A5=BO1@O AB0@H5<C 2>5=?@54C "# "# =0 5 8=65=5@C-?>4?>;:>2=8:C .. :C=52C 1K;8 ?5@540=K 4;O CB25@645=8O ?;0= <>45@=870F88 1@>=502B><>18;O -64 8 ?@>3@0<<0 53> 8A?KB0=89, 0 2 >:BO1@5 1K; ?>AB@>5= 8 ?5@2K9 >?KB=K9 H8@>:>:>;59=K9 >1@075F -64, ?>;CG82H89 2=CB@8702>4A:>9 8=45:A -64-125-.
    0@0;;5;L=> A @01>B0<8 ?> A>740=8N =>2>3> H0AA8 A H8@>:8<8 <>AB0<8 4;O 1@>=502B><>18;O 702>4>< ?@>2>48;0AL B0:65 B5:CI0O <>45@=870F8O H0AA8, 8B>3>< :>B>@>9 AB0;> ?>O2;5=85 02B><>18;O -67 A =5<=>3> @0AH8@5==>9 :>;559 8 @O4>< 4@C38E 87<5=5=89. 5@2K5 65 >?KB=K5 -67 A H8@>:8<8 <>AB0<8, ?>72>;82H8<8 4>25AB8 :>;5N ?5@54=8E 8 704=8E :>;5A 4> 1446 <<, 1K;8 ?>AB@>5=K B>;L:> 2 <05 1943 3>40, ?>A;5 >:>=G0=8O @01>B ?> -64.
    C7>2 -67, 2 F5;><, 1K; 0=0;>38G5= -64, => 87-70 1>;55 H8@>:>9 :>;58 02B><>18;L ?>;CG8; ?5@54=85 8 704=85 2KABC?0NI85 :@K;LO 8 ?>4=>6:8 <564C =8<8. 0 1>:>28=0E :C7>20 B5?5@L CAB0=02;820;8AL ?>@CG=8 4;O 2KB0;:820=8O 70AB@O2H53> 02B><>18;O. ;O -67 1K;0 A:>=AB@C8@>20=0 =>20O @0<0 A ;>=65@>=0<8 70:@KB>3> ?@>D8;O 8 1>;LH8< :>;8G5AB2>< CA8;8B5;59. 04=85 @5AA>@K 1K;8 C;>65=K =0 <>AB, GB> ?>;>68B5;L=> A:070;>AL =0 ?@>E>48<>AB8 <0H8=K. @><5 B>3>, 87 704=59 ?>425A:8 1K;8 8A:;NG5=K AB018;870B>@ ?>?5@5G=>9 CAB>9G82>AB8 8 >4=0 ?0@0 0<>@B870B>@>2. 0@1N@0B>@ -23 A ?=52<0B8G5A:8< M:>=><0975@>< ?>72>;8; C25;8G8BL <>I=>ABL 42830B5;O -67 4> 54 ;.A. 8 C;CGH8BL M:>=><8G=>ABL 02B><>18;O =0 H>AA5, 345 @0AE>4 B>?;820 A=878;AO 4> 16 ;/100 :<. >4 2>48B5;LA:>5 A845=L5 AB0; CAB0=02;820BLAO 4>?>;=8B5;L=K9 33-;8B@>2K9 15=7>10:.

    K?CA: -67 1K; =0G0B ;8HL 2 A5=BO1@5 1943 3>40, ?>A:>;L:C 2 8N=5 1943 3>40 02B><>18;L=>5 ?@>872>4AB2> 1K;> ?@5@20=> 87-70 @07@CH5=89 02B>702>40 ?@8 <0AA8@>20==KE 1><10@48@>2:0E =5<5F:>9 0280F859. 5@2K< 2 023CAB5 1K;> 2>AAB0=>2;5=> ?@>872>4AB2> �?>;CB>@>:�, 0 70B5< 45;> 4>H;> 8 2K?CA:0 -67 8 -64 A H8@>:8<8 <>AB0<8.
     >:BO1@5-=>O1@5 1944 3>40 1K; ?@>2545= >G5@54=>9 MB0? <>45@=870F88 -64 8 -67. !B@5<O=:8 :@5?;5=8O ?5@54=8E @5AA>@, G0AB> >1@K202H85AO 2 M:A?;C0B0F88, 1K;8 70<5=5=K =0 A:2>7=K5 14-<< 1>;BK, ;CGH5 2>A?@8=8<0NI85 BO=CI85 CA8;8O. (0@8:>2K5 @0480;L=>-C?>@=K5 H:2>@=52K5 ?>4H8?=8:8, B@51>202H85 G0AB>9 @53C;8@>2:8 8, :0: ?@028;>, @07@CH02H85AO G5@57 1500 :<, 1K;8 70<5=5=K =0 ?>4H8?=8:8 A:>;L65=8O  1@>=7>2K5 2BC;:8, AB>9:85 : C40@0<, =0456=K5 8 4>;3>25G=K5. #A8;8O =0 @C;5 ?@0:B8G5A:8 =5 C25;8G8;8AL. (0@>2K5 >?>@K ?>2>@>B=KE :C;0:>2 ?5@54=53> <>AB0 AB0;8 45;0BL :>20=K<8, 0 =5 ;8BK<8, 0 B0:65 1K;> CA8;5=> :@5?;5=85 8E D;0=F52. K;> C;CGH5=> C?;>B=5=85 H;8F>2 ?5@54=53> :0@40==>3> 20;0.  A8AB5<C 706830=8O 42830B5;O 1K; 22545= =>2K9, 1>;55 =0456=K9 8 C4>1=K9, ?@5@K20B5;L-@0A?@545;8B5;L B8?0 -15 A 2KA>:>2>;LB=K<8 ?@>2>40<8 2<5AB> CAB0=02;8202H8EAO @0=55 :>=B0:B=KE ?;0AB8=. K; C<5=LH5= C3>; ?@>4>;L=>3> =0:;>=0 H:2>@=59 A 5� 4> 2�, 2 @57C;LB0B5 G53> C40;>AL 871028BLAO >B �28;O=8O� ?5@54=8E :>;5A. 0:>=5F, 1K;8 2=54@5=K CA8;5==K5 :>;5A=K5 48A:8  1K;0 C25;8G5=0 B>;I8=0 48A:>2 8 C?@>I5=0 8E D>@<0 (?>2KH5==0O =03@C7:0 =0 704=89 <>AB C 1@>=502B><>18;59 -64 >B@8F0B5;L=> A:07K20;0AL 2 B>< G8A;5 8 =0 4>;3>25G=>AB8 >1KG=KE �;53:>2KE� 48A:>2 -1: A<8=0;8AL 8 @0710;BK20;8AL :@5?;5=8O, 2 AB5=:0E 2>7=8:0;8 B@5I8=K, ?@82>482H85 : ?>;><:0<). 4=>2@5<5==> 1K;8 22545=K CA8;5==K5 :@5?56=K5 309:8 A C4;8=5==K< :>=CA><.
    >A;5 =0G0;0 @01>B =04 2=54>@>6=8:>< A;54CNI53> ?>:>;5=8O  -69  A5@L57=KE <>45@=870F89 -67 =5 ?@>2>48;>AL, =5A<>B@O =0 ?@54;>65=8O A> AB>@>=K :>=AB@C:B>@>2 - . K;> A>GB5=> =5@0F8>=0;L=K< B@0B8BL A8;K =0 A>25@H5=AB2>20=85 <0H8=K, A@>: 687=8 :>B>@>9 =0 :>=2595@5 ?>4E>48; : :>=FC. "5< =5 <5=55, :>5-GB> 87 ?@54;>65==>3> 2A5 65 4>H;> 4> :>=2595@0.  G0AB=>AB8, ?>A;5 2>9=K =0 -67 AB0;> CAB0=02;820BLAO =>2>5 B@5EA?8F52>5 ?;0AB<0AA>2>5 @C;52>5 :>;5A> 2<5AB> ?@56=53> 45@52O==>3> A G5BK@L<O A?8F0<8. 0 G0AB8 <0H8= 1K;8 CAB0=>2;5=K :0@1N@0B>@K -22 >B �>154K�, AB0;8 CAB0=02;820BLAO ?@5@K20B5;L-@0A?@545;8B5;L 706830=8O -30 A >:B0=-:>@@5:B>@>< 8 D8;LB@K->BAB>9=8:8, 2 254CI8E <>AB0E 1K;8 <>45@=878@>20=K 3;02=K5 ?5@540G8.
     1948 3>4C -67 ?>;CG8;8 =>2CN HB0<?>20==CN >1;8F>2:C @0480B>@0 A 1>;55 B>;ABK<8 ?5@5<KG:0<8 8 <5=LH8< :>;8G5AB2>< ?@>@5759.  1951 3>4C ?5@54=OO ?>425A:0 ?>;CG8;0 =0 :064>5 :>;5A> ?> >4=><C 0<>@B870B>@C 42CAB>@>==53> 459AB28O 2<5AB> @0=55 <>=B8@>202H8EAO 42CE 0<>@B870B>@>2 >4=>AB>@>==53> 459AB28O. >B, ?> 1>;LH><C AG5BC, 8 2A5 ?>A;52>5==K5 =>2>22545=8O.

    >A;5 2>9=K, :>340 >B?0;0 =5>1E>48<>ABL 2 ?@>872>4AB25 1@>=502B><>18;59 -64 (?>A;54=85 M:75<?;O@K 1K;8 A>1@0=K 2 <0@B5 1946 3>40), 2K?CA: -67 C42>8;AO 2 ?5@2K9 65 ?>A;52>5==K9 3>4, 0 G5@57 B@8 3>40 C42>8;AO 5I5 @07 1;03>40@O 2KA2>1>645=8N ?@>872>4AB25==KE <>I=>AB59, 703@C65==KE 4> MB>3> 2@5<5=8 2K?CA:>< ?@>4C:F88 2>5==>3> =07=0G5=8O.
    K?CA: -67 ?@>4>;60;AO 4> A5=BO1@O 1953 3>40, :>340 53> A<5=8; 2 ?@>872>4AB25 -69. A53> A 1943 ?> 1953 3>4K 1K;> 2K?CI5=> 92.760 M:75<?;O@>2 -67.

     <0@B5 2010 3>40 2 @0<:0E 6C@=0;L=>9 A5@88 "2B>;535=4K !!! " 8740B5;LA:>3> 4><0 DeAgostini :>;;5:F8>=5@0< 1K;0 ?@54;>65=0 <>45;L -67 ?>A;52>5==>3> 2K?CA:0. 0<5B=>9 >A>15==>ABLN MB>9 <>45;8 AB0;0 =52K45;5==0O F25B>< @0<:0 ;>1>2>3> AB5:;0, >B;8B0O >4=>9 45B0;LN A A>1AB25==> AB5:;><.

     2005 3>4C, 704>;3> 4> 70?CA:0 2 >AA88 A5@88 "2B>;535=4K !!! ", 4@C3>9 20@80=B -67, B0:65 >1@07F0 1948 3>40, 2>H5; 2 52@>?59A:85 <>45;L=K5 A5@88 8740B5;LAB20 DeAgostini. >4>< ?>765 MB0 65 <>45;L 1K;0 2K?CI5=0 ;591;>< Schuco Military 8 AB0;0, 157 ?@5C25;8G5=8O, <>45;LN 3>40 2 >AA88  8=>AB@0==K< ?@>872>48B5;5< 1K;0 A45;0=0 2?>;=5 B>G=0O, <0AA>20O 8 =54>@>30O <>45;L >B5G5AB25==>3> 02B><>18;O, 2 B> 2@5<O :0: <>45;8 >B5G5AB25==>3> 02B>?@><0 873>B02;820;8AL ?>:0 B>;L:> @>AA89A:8<8 8 C:@08=A:8<8 <0;>A5@89=K<8 <0AB5@A:8<8. >=5G=>, B0:B8G5A:85 7=0:8 1K;8 =0=5A5=K O2=> =5 A>25BA:85, => MB> =5 ?><5H0;> E>@>H8< ?@>4060< MB>9 <>45;8.

    081>;55 @0A?@>AB@0=5==>9 <>45;LN -67 =0 ?>ABA>25BA:>< ?@>AB@0=AB25 2 "4>?@><KH;5==CN" M?>EC 02B><>45 1K;0 <>45;L -67 E5@A>=A:>9 <0AB5@A:>9 "5:B>@-<>45;A". -B0 <>45;L B0:65 :>?8@>20;0 02B><>18;8 2K?CA:0 ?>A;5 1948 3>40 A HB0<?>20==>9 @5H5B:>9 @0480B>@0.

    ><8<> ?@54AB02;5==KE 2KH5, <>45;8 -67 B0:65 873>B02;820;8AL @>AA89A:8<8 <0AB5@A:8<8 (A;520 =0?@02>) Moscow-Models (3.>A:20), " CAA:89 20@80=B" (3.>A:20) 8 ">AC3" (3."C;0). >45;L <0AB5@A:>9 ">AC3", 548=AB25==0O 87 ?@54AB02;5==KE, 8<8B8@C5B 02B><>18;L ?5@8>40 1944-1948 3>4>2.