Null-terminated byte strings - cppreference.com (original) (raw)
Null-terminated byte strings
A null-terminated byte string (NTBS) is a possibly empty sequence of nonzero bytes followed by a byte with value zero (the terminating null character). Each byte in a byte string encodes one character of some character set. For example, the character array {'\x63', '\x61', '\x74', '\0'} is an NTBS holding the string "cat" in ASCII encoding.
Contents
[edit] Functions
| Character classification | |
|---|---|
| Defined in header | |
| isalnum | checks if a character is alphanumeric (function) [edit] |
| isalpha | checks if a character is alphabetic (function) [edit] |
| islower | checks if a character is lowercase (function) [edit] |
| isupper | checks if a character is an uppercase character (function) [edit] |
| isdigit | checks if a character is a digit (function) [edit] |
| isxdigit | checks if a character is a hexadecimal character (function) [edit] |
| iscntrl | checks if a character is a control character (function) [edit] |
| isgraph | checks if a character is a graphical character (function) [edit] |
| isspace | checks if a character is a space character (function) [edit] |
| isblank(C++11) | checks if a character is a blank character (function) [edit] |
| isprint | checks if a character is a printing character (function) [edit] |
| ispunct | checks if a character is a punctuation character (function) [edit] |
| Character manipulation | |
| tolower | converts a character to lowercase (function) [edit] |
| toupper | converts a character to uppercase (function) [edit] |
| ASCII values | characters | iscntrl iswcntrl | isprint iswprint | isspace iswspace | isblank iswblank | isgraph iswgraph | ispunct iswpunct | isalnum iswalnum | isalpha iswalpha | isupper iswupper | islower iswlower | isdigit iswdigit | isxdigit iswxdigit | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| decimal | hexadecimal | octal | |||||||||||||
| 0–8 | \x0–\x8 | \0–\10 | control codes (NUL, etc.) | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 9 | \x9 | \11 | tab (\t) | ≠0 | 0 | ≠0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 10–13 | \xA–\xD | \12–\15 | whitespaces (\n, \v, \f, \r) | ≠0 | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 14–31 | \xE–\x1F | \16–\37 | control codes | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 32 | \x20 | \40 | space | 0 | ≠0 | ≠0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 33–47 | \x21–\x2F | \41–\57 | !"#$%&'()*+,-./ | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | ≠0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 48–57 | \x30–\x39 | \60–\71 | 0123456789 | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ≠0 | ≠0 |
| 58–64 | \x3A–\x40 | \72–\100 | :;<=>?@ | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | ≠0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 65–70 | \x41–\x46 | \101–\106 | ABCDEF | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | ≠0 | ≠0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | ≠0 |
| 71–90 | \x47–\x5A | \107–\132 | GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | ≠0 | ≠0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 91–96 | \x5B–\x60 | \133–\140 | [\]^_` | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | ≠0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 97–102 | \x61–\x66 | \141–\146 | abcdef | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | ≠0 | ≠0 | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | ≠0 |
| 103–122 | \x67–\x7A | \147–\172 | ghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | ≠0 | ≠0 | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 |
| 123–126 | \x7B–\x7E | \172–\176 | {|}~ | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | ≠0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 127 | \x7F | \177 | backspace character (DEL) | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Conversions to numeric formats | |
|---|---|
| Defined in header | |
| atof | converts a byte string to a floating point value (function) [edit] |
| atoiatolatoll(C++11) | converts a byte string to an integer value (function) [edit] |
| strtolstrtoll(C++11) | converts a byte string to an integer value (function) [edit] |
| strtoulstrtoull(C++11) | converts a byte string to an unsigned integer value (function) [edit] |
| strtofstrtodstrtold | converts a byte string to a floating-point value (function) [edit] |
| Defined in header | |
| strtoimaxstrtoumax(C++11)(C++11) | converts a byte string to std::intmax_t or std::uintmax_t (function) [edit] |
| String manipulation | |
| Defined in header | |
| strcpy | copies one string to another (function) [edit] |
| strncpy | copies a certain amount of characters from one string to another (function) [edit] |
| strcat | concatenates two strings (function) [edit] |
| strncat | concatenates a certain amount of characters of two strings (function) [edit] |
| strxfrm | transform a string so that strcmp would produce the same result as strcoll (function) [edit] |
| String examination | |
| Defined in header | |
| strlen | returns the length of a given string (function) [edit] |
| strcmp | compares two strings (function) [edit] |
| strncmp | compares a certain number of characters from two strings (function) [edit] |
| strcoll | compares two strings in accordance to the current locale (function) [edit] |
| strchr | finds the first occurrence of a character (function) [edit] |
| strrchr | finds the last occurrence of a character (function) [edit] |
| strspn | returns the length of the maximum initial segment that consistsof only the characters found in another byte string (function) [edit] |
| strcspn | returns the length of the maximum initial segment that consistsof only the characters not found in another byte string (function) [edit] |
| strpbrk | finds the first location of any character from a set of separators (function) [edit] |
| strstr | finds the first occurrence of a substring of characters (function) [edit] |
| strtok | finds the next token in a byte string (function) [edit] |
| Character array functions | |
| Defined in header | |
| memchr | searches an array for the first occurrence of a character (function) [edit] |
| memcmp | compares two buffers (function) [edit] |
| memset | fills a buffer with a character (function) [edit] |
| memcpy | copies one buffer to another (function) [edit] |
| memmove | moves one buffer to another (function) [edit] |
| Miscellaneous | |
| Defined in header | |
| strerror | returns a text version of a given error code (function) [edit] |