MVS (original) (raw)

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MVS

Russian agency. Ministry of Defense, Russia.

AKA: Ministerstvo Voenniy Sili?. Location: Moskva.

Country: Russia. Projects: Luna.

1954 May 26 - . 14:24 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-1 (R-1).

Ionosphere mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 106 km (65 mi).

1956 February 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5M.

R-7 component test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1956 February 2 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5M.

BAYKAL Nuclear test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). The R-5M successfully launched an 80 kiloton (300 kiloton according to some sources) warhead over a 1200 km range - from Kaputsin Yar Area 4N to a point near Priaralsk Karakum, 150 km north-east of the Aral Sea..

1956 February 16 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5M.

R-7 component test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). The R-5RD or M5RD was flown to test subsystems for the R-7 ICBM..

1956 March 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5M.

R-7 component test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1956 March 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5M.

R-7 component test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1956 March 23 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5M.

R-7 component test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1956 May 15 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5M.

Radio guidance test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1956 June 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5M.

Radio guidance test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1956 June 15 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5M.

Radio guidance test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1956 July 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5M.

R-7 component test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1956 July 20 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5M.

R-7 component test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1956 August 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5M.

R-7 component test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1956 August 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5M.

R-7 component test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1956 August 18 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5M.

R-7 component test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). The R-5RD or M5RD was flown 10 times to test subsystems for the R-7 ICBM..

1956 December 20 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-1 (R-1).

Ionosphere mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 May 15 - . 16:01 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7. FAILURE: Failure of Block D strap on, which tore away from the core 98 seconds after liftoff. The booster crashed 400 km from the pad. A fuel leak in the pump outlet led to a fire in the engine compartment from the time of liftoff.. Failed Stage: 0.

M1-5 (I-1) test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). R-7 test flight. (M1-5 (I-1)).

1957 June 22 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Test mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1957 July 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

63M No. 3? - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1957 July 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

63M No. 2? - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1957 July 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

63M No. 4? - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1957 July 11 - . 02:05 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1957 July 12 - . 12:53 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7. FAILURE: Failure of the control system due to a short circuit of the battery. Rapid roll developed, resulting in all four strap-on boosters flying away from the core at 33 seconds in the flight.. Failed Stage: G.

M1-7 (I-2) test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi). R-7 test flight. (M1-7 (I-2)).

1957 July 27 - . 02:20 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi). First launch of M-100 aeronomy rocket..

1957 August 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

63M No. 6? - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1957 August 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

63M No. 5? - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1957 August 14 - . 04:23 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1957 August 19 - . 03:13 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1957 August 21 - . 12:25 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7.

M1-9 (I-3) test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi). First successful ICBM flight. Problems with the curing of the nose cone material, known before launch, led to the dummy warhead disintegrating over the Kamchatka Peninsula..

1957 September 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Test mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1957 September 7 - . 11:39 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7.

M1-10 (I-4) test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi). Second successful ICBM flight..

1957 September 14 - . 03:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1957 September 17 - . 03:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1957 September 20 - . 02:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1957 October 4 - . 19:28 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Sputnik 8K71PS.

Sputnik 1 - . Payload: PS. Mass: 84 kg (185 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: Sputnik 1. Decay Date: 1958-01-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 2 . COSPAR: 1957-Alpha-2. Apogee: 945 km (587 mi). Perigee: 227 km (141 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 96.10 min.
First artificial satellite; transmitted signals for 21 days. Launching of first ever artificial satellite of the Earth; physical study of the atmosphere; remained in orbit until January 4, 1958. This event began the space race by galvanizing interest and action on the part of the American public to support an active role in space research, technology, and exploration.

1957 November 3 - . 02:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Sputnik 8K71PS.

Sputnik 2 - . Payload: PS-2. Mass: 508 kg (1,119 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Class: Biology. Type: Biology satellite. Spacecraft: Sputnik 2. Decay Date: 1958-04-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 3 . COSPAR: 1957-Beta-1. Apogee: 1,660 km (1,030 mi). Perigee: 212 km (131 mi). Inclination: 65.30 deg. Period: 103.70 min.
Carried dog Laika. Study of the physical processes and conditions of life in outer space. After the surprise public impact of Sputnik 1, the satellite and launch teams were called back from vacation and in one month assembled the satellite (using equipment already developed for dog sounding rocket flights). After the launch, Soviet space officials said that the spacecraft would not return and that the dog had enough food and oxygen to live for up to 10 days. Only 45 years later was it revealed that Laika overheated, panicked and died within 5 to 7 hours of launch. What turned out to be the first space crypt remained in orbit a total of 162 days, then burned up in the atmosphere on April 14, 1958.

1957 November 9 - . 16:54 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-1 (R-1).

Ionosphere / aeronomy mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 330 km (200 mi).

1957 December 16 - . 04:35 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1957 December 21 - . 04:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1957 December 21 - . 08:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 January 10 - . 07:27 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 January 19 - . 09:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 January 19 - . 23:21 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 January 29 - . 21:15 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7. FAILURE: The missile exploded a few seconds after liftoff.. Failed Stage: 0.

M1-12 (I-5) test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi). Last test of the original R-7 8K71 test series. Suborbital launch test..

1958 February 11 - . 09:44 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 February 18 - . 14:31 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 February 21 - . 09:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-1 (R-1).

Ionosphere-solar mission Ionosphere-solar mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 206 km (128 mi).

1958 February 26 - . 02:35 GMT - . Launch Site: Kheysa. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-1 (R-1).

Ionosphere / aeronomy mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1958 February 26 - . 04:35 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 March 20 - . 21:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 March 29 - . 14:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7.

M1-6A (I-6) test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi). R-7 test flight. (M1-6A (I-6)).

1958 April 4 - . 15:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7.

B1-11 (I-7) test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi). R-7 test flight. (B1-11 (I-7)).

1958 April 20 - . 15:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 April 27 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Sputnik 8A91. FAILURE: Launch vehicle disintegrated 88 seconds after liftoff.. Failed Stage: 0.

Sputnik failure - . Payload: D-1 s/n 1. Mass: 1,327 kg (2,925 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft: Sputnik 3. Decay Date: 1958-04-01 .

1958 May 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

K63 No. 1 (LKI2-1) - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1958 May 15 - . 07:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Sputnik 8A91.

Sputnik 3 - . Payload: D-1 s/n 2. Mass: 1,327 kg (2,925 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft: Sputnik 3. Decay Date: 1960-04-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 8 . COSPAR: 1958-Delta-2. Apogee: 1,864 km (1,158 mi). Perigee: 217 km (134 mi). Inclination: 65.20 deg. Period: 106.00 min. Variety of scientific data. Research in the upper atmosphere and outer space.

1958 May 18 - . 01:56 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 May 24 - . 10:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7. FAILURE: Failure.

B1-3 (II-1) test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi). R-7 test flight. (B1-3 (II-1)).

1958 May 31 - . 01:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 June 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

K63 (LKI2 2 of 24) - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1958 June 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

63M No. 8 (LKI1-8) - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1958 June 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

K63 - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1958 June 24 - . 01:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 June 29 - . 01:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 July 10 - . 07:42 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7. FAILURE: Failure.

B1-14 (II-5)/Blok E test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 0 km (0 mi).

1958 July 15 - . 21:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 July 16 - . 02:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 July 27 - . 02:20 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 July 31 - . 02:20 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 August 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

K63 - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1958 August 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

K63 - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1958 August 2 - . 05:47 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2A.

Ionosphere / biological mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 211 km (131 mi).

1958 August 12 - . 03:10 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 August 12 - . 04:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 August 14 - . 00:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Kheysa. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-1 (R-1).

Ionosphere / aeronomy mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1958 August 15 - . 04:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 August 27 - . 04:06 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2A.

Ionosphere / biological mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 209 km (129 mi).

1958 September 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

K63 - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1958 September 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

K63 - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1958 September 6 - . 04:25 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 September 17 - . 04:43 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 September 20 - . 05:35 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: M-100.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 September 22 - . 03:47 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: M-100. Launch Vehicle: M-100 (A-1).

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 September 23 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok-L 8K72. FAILURE: Launcher disintegrated 93 seconds after launch due to longitudinal resonance of strap-ons.. Failed Stage: 0.

Luna failure - booster disintegrated at T+92 seconds - . Payload: E-1 s/n 1. Mass: 361 kg (795 lb). Nation: Russia. Related Persons: Glushko, Korolev. Agency: MVS. Program: Luna. Class: Moon. Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft: Luna E-1. This was the start of an acrimonious debated between Glushko and Korolev design bureaux over the fault and fix for the problem..

1958 September 27 - . 03:48 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: M-100. Launch Vehicle: M-100 (A-1).

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 October 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

K63 - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1958 October 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

K63 - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1958 October 1 - . 10:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: M-100. Launch Vehicle: M-100 (A-1).

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 24 km (14 mi).

1958 October 3 - . 03:32 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: M-100. Launch Vehicle: M-100 (A-1).

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 October 4 - . 14:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-1 (R-1).

Ionosphere-solar mission Ionosphere-solar mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi).

1958 October 6 - . 10:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: M-100. Launch Vehicle: M-100 (A-1).

Aeronomy/SB mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 October 8 - . 03:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: M-100. Launch Vehicle: M-100 (A-1).

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 October 10 - . 13:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-1 (R-1).

Ionosphere-solar mission Ionosphere-solar mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi).

1958 October 11 - . 08:42 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok-L 8K72. FAILURE: Launcher disintegrated 104 seconds after launch due to longitudinal resonance of strap-ons.. Failed Stage: 0.

Luna failure - booster disintegrated at T+104 seconds - . Payload: E-1 s/n 2. Mass: 361 kg (795 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Program: Luna. Class: Moon. Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft: Luna E-1.

1958 October 16 - . 04:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: M-100. Launch Vehicle: M-100 (A-1).

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 October 17 - . 04:05 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: M-100. Launch Vehicle: M-100 (A-1).

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 October 23 - . 02:20 GMT - . Launch Site: Kheysa. LV Family: M-100. Launch Vehicle: M-100 (A-1).

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 November 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

K63 - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1958 December 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

K63 - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1958 December 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

K63 - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1958 December 4 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok-L 8K72. FAILURE: Core engines shut off at 245 seconds into the flight. Cause was a loss of lubrication to the hydrogen peroxide pump.. Failed Stage: 1.

Luna failure - booster core shut down at T+245 seconds - . Payload: E-1 s/n 3. Mass: 361 kg (795 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Program: Luna. Class: Moon. Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft: Luna E-1.

1958 December 12 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

8K63 control flight - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1958 December 23 - . 13:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-1 (R-1).

Ionosphere / aeronomy mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi).

1958 December 24 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

8K63 control flight - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1958 December 24 - . 14:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7.

III-1 - . Nation: Kazakhstan. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

1958 December 25 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

8K63 control flight - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1958 December 25 - . 13:10 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-1 (R-1).

Ionosphere / aeronomy mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi).

1958 December 27 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

8K63 control flight - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1958 December 27 - . 09:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: M-100. Launch Vehicle: M-100 (A-1).

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

1958 December 30 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

8K63 control flight - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 January 2 - . 16:41 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok-L 8K72. FAILURE: Failure of the launch vehicle control system.. Failed Stage: G.

Luna 1 - . Payload: E-1 s/n 4. Mass: 361 kg (795 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Program: Luna. Class: Moon. Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft: Luna E-1. USAF Sat Cat: 112 . COSPAR: 1959-Mu-1.
Lunar probe; passed within 5,995 km of moon but did not hit it as planned due to a failure of the launch vehicle control system. Went into solar orbit. First manmade object to attain of escape velocity. Also known as Mechta ("Dream"), popularly called Lunik I. Because of its high velocity and its announced package of various metallic emblems with the Soviet coat of arms, it was concluded that Luna 1 was intended to impact the Moon. After reaching escape velocity, Luna 1 separated from its 1472 kg third stage. The third stage, 5.2 m long and 2.4 m in diameter, travelled along with Luna 1. On 3 January, at a distance of 113,000 km from Earth, a large (1 kg) cloud of sodium gas was released by the spacecraft. This glowing orange trail of gas, visible over the Indian Ocean with the brightness of a sixth-magnitude star, allowed astronomers to track the spacecraft. It also served as an experiment on the behavior of gas in outer space. Luna 1 passed within 5,995 km of the Moon's surface on 4 January after 34 hours of flight. It went into orbit around the Sun, between the orbits of Earth and Mars. The measurements obtained during this mission provided new data on the Earth's radiation belt and outer space, including the discovery that the Moon had no magnetic field and that a solar wind, a strong flow of ionized plasma emmanating from the Sun, streamed through interplanetary space.

1959 January 10 - . 11:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Kheysa. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-1 (R-1).

Ionosphere / aeronomy mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1959 March 17 - . 01:46 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7.

GCh No. 13 (III-2) test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi). First test flight serial production model..

1959 March 25 - . 05:25 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7.

GCh No. 15 (III-3) test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi). R-7 development test flight. (GCh No. 15 (III-3)).

1959 March 30 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

GCh Gruzomaket - . Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 March 30 - . 22:53 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7. FAILURE: Failure.

GCh No. IZ-20 (III) test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1959 April 11 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 April 14 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 April 29 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 May 9 - . 18:59 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7. FAILURE: Failure.

GCh No. 17 (III) test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). R-7 development test flight. (GCh No. 17 (III)).

1959 May 12 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 May 14 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 May 15 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 May 30 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 May 30 - . 21:42 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7. FAILURE: Failure.

GCh No. IZ-22 (III) test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Landed far from aim point..

1959 June 2 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 June 9 - . 20:34 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7. FAILURE: Failure.

GCh No. IZ-23 (III) test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Landed far from aim point..

1959 June 15 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 June 17 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 June 18 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok-L 8K72. FAILURE: Inertial system failed at 153 seconds after launch. Vehicle destroyed by range safety.. Failed Stage: G.

Luna failure - inertial system failed at T+153 seconds - . Payload: E-1A s/n 5. Mass: 387 kg (853 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Program: Luna. Class: Moon. Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft Bus: Luna E-1. Spacecraft: Luna E-1A.

1959 July 2 - . 06:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2A.

Ionosphere / aeronomy / biological mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 220 km (130 mi). Carried dogs Otvazhnaya and Snezhinka, rabbit Marfusha..

1959 July 10 - . 04:47 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2A.

Solar ultraviolet / biology mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1959 July 14 - . 03:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2A.

Ionosphere / aeronomy mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 203 km (126 mi).

1959 July 18 - . 18:15 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7.

GCh No. IZ-24 (III) test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi). R-7 development test flight. (GCh No. IZ-24 (III)).

1959 July 21 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2A.

Solar x-ray mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 105 km (65 mi).

1959 July 21 - . 02:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-11. Launch Vehicle: R-11A.

Ionosphere / aeronomy / solar x-ray mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 105 km (65 mi).

1959 July 21 - . 14:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-11. Launch Vehicle: R-11A.

Ionosphere / aeronomy / solar x-ray mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 105 km (65 mi).

1959 July 22 - . 01:14 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-11. Launch Vehicle: R-11A.

Ionosphere / aeronomy mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 211 km (131 mi).

1959 July 24 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 July 25 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 July 26 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 July 28 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 July 30 - . 04:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7.

GCh (III) test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi). First successful flight of series production model..

1959 July 31 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 August 7 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 August 13 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12. FAILURE: Failure. Failed Stage: 1.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 0 km (0 mi).

1959 August 13 - . 23:14 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7.

GCh No. IZ-25 (III) test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi).

1959 August 26 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 August 28 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 September 2 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar Mayak-1. Launch Vehicle: R-12. FAILURE: Failure. Failed Stage: 1.

Test mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 0 km (0 mi).

1959 September 5 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 September 12 - . 06:39 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok-L 8K72.

Luna 2 - . Payload: E-1A s/n 6. Mass: 387 kg (853 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Program: Luna. Class: Moon. Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft Bus: Luna E-1. Spacecraft: Luna E-1A. Decay Date: 1959-09-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 114 . COSPAR: 1959-Xi-1.
First probe to impact lunar surface. Delivered a pennant to the surface of the Moon and conducted research during flight to the Moon. Impacted Moon 13 Sep 1959 at 22:02:04 UT, Latitude 29.10 N, Longitude 0.00 - Palus Putredinis, east of Mare Serenitatis near the Aristides, Archimedes, and Autolycus craters. After launch and attainment of escape velocity, Luna 2 separated from its third stage, which travelled along with it towards the Moon. On 13 September the spacecraft released a bright orange cloud of sodium gas which aided in spacecraft tracking and acted as an experiment on the behavior of gas in space. On 14 September, after 33.5 hours of flight, radio signals from Luna 2 abruptly ceased, indicating it had impacted on the Moon. Some 30 minutes after Luna 2, the third stage of its rocket also impacted the Moon. The mission confirmed that the Moon had no appreciable magnetic field, and found no evidence of radiation belts at the Moon.

1959 September 15 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 September 18 - . 16:02 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7.

Phase 3 test flight - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi). R-7 development test flight..

1959 September 25 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 September 28 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 October 4 - . 00:43 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok-L 8K72.

Luna 3 - . Payload: E-2A s/n 1. Mass: 279 kg (615 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Program: Luna. Class: Moon. Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft: Luna E-3. Decay Date: 1960-04-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 21 . COSPAR: 1959-Theta-1. Apogee: 499,998 km (310,683 mi). Perigee: 500 km (310 mi). Inclination: 55.00 deg. Period: 21,563.20 min.
Luna 3 was the third spacecraft successfully launched to the Moon and the first to return images of the lunar far side. It was launched on a figure-eight trajectory which brought it over the Moon (closest approach to the Moon was 6200 km) and around the far side, which was sunlit at the time. It was stabilized while in optical view of the far side of the Moon. On October 7, 1959, the television system obtained a series of 29 photographs over 40 minutes, covering 70% of the surface, that were developed on-board the spacecraft. The photographs were scanned and 17 were radio transmitted to ground stations in facsimile form on October 18, 1959, as the spacecraft, in a barycentric orbit, returned near the Earth. The photographs were to be retransmitted at another point close to Earth but were not received. The spacecraft returned very indistinct pictures, but, through computer enhancement, a tentative atlas of the lunar farside was produced. These first views of the lunar far side showed mountainous terrain, very different from the near side, and two dark regions which were named Mare Moscovrae (Sea of Moscow) and Mare Desiderii (Sea of Dreams).

1959 October 8 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 October 9 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12. FAILURE: Failure. Failed Stage: 1.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 0 km (0 mi).

1959 October 9 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 October 22 - . 17:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7.

Phase 3 test flight - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi).

1959 October 24 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 October 25 - . 17:32 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7.

Phase 3 test flight - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi).

1959 October 27 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12. FAILURE: Failure. Failed Stage: 1.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 0 km (0 mi).

1959 November 1 - . 21:23 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7.

Phase 3 test flight - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi). Flight over full missile design range..

1959 November 20 - . 21:06 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7.

Phase 3 test flight - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi). Flight over full missile design range..

1959 November 27 - . 01:12 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7.

GCh No. IZ-33 (III) test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi). Sixteenth and last launch of the third production batch..

1959 November 30 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 December 12 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. LV Family: R-11. Launch Vehicle: R-17.

R-17 (Scud B) first launch - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). The program was conducted by the Votkinsk Machine Building Plant. There design work continued with first launch in 1961 and acceptance into military service in 1964..

1959 December 16 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 December 18 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 December 21 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar Mayak-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Test mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 December 24 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. LV Family: R-11. Launch Vehicle: R-17.

ZI - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1959 December 27 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar Mayak-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Test mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1959 December 28 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 January 18 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 January 29 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 Feb - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. LV Family: R-11. Launch Vehicle: R-17.

Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1960 February 13 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12. FAILURE: Failure. Failed Stage: 1.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 0 km (0 mi).

1960 March 20 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 March 24 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 March 25 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 March 28 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 March 29 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 March 31 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 April 29 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 May 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 May 5 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 May 6 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 May 30 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 June 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 June 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 June 24 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 June 29 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 July 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 July 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 July 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 July 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 July 12 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 July 13 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 July 24 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 July 26 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 July 28 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 July 29 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 August 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 August 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 August 2 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12. FAILURE: Failure. Failed Stage: 1.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 0 km (0 mi).

1960 August 4 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 August 4 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 August 8 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 August 10 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 August 11 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 August 12 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 August 20 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 September 5 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 September 15 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 September 17 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 September 22 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 September 24 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 September 28 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 September 29 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 September 30 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 September 30 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 October 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 October 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 October 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12. FAILURE: Failure. Failed Stage: 1.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 0 km (0 mi).

1960 October 7 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 October 17 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 October 18 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 October 18 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 October 19 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 October 20 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 October 21 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 October 27 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 November 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 November 4 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 November 4 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 November 4 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 November 12 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 November 30 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 December 11 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 December 12 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 December 15 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 December 15 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 December 15 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 December 15 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 December 20 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 December 22 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 December 22 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 December 23 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 December 24 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 December 26 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1960 December 29 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 January 10 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 January 13 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 January 14 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 February 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 February 10 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 February 10 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 March 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12. FAILURE: Failure. Failed Stage: 1.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 0 km (0 mi).

1961 March 10 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 March 11 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 March 17 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 March 25 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 March 28 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 March 28 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 April 3 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 April 4 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 April 7 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 April 10 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 April 19 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 April 27 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 April 28 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 May 10 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 May 29 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 Jun - . Launch Site: Vorkuta Sovetskiy. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Op. Rosa (to NZEM) - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 400 km (240 mi).

1961 June 9 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

V-1000 target mission - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 June 15 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 June 29 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 July 22 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 July 25 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 July 27 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 August 15 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 August 30 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 August 31 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 Sep - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. LV Family: R-11. Launch Vehicle: R-17.

Last LKI - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1961 September 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 September 11 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 September 13 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 September 26 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).

1961 September 30 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. Launch Vehicle: R-12.

Nation: Ukraine. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).