Zenit-2 satellite (original) (raw)


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Zenit-2 satellite


Part of Vostok


Zenit 2
Zenit 2
Zenit-2. Later improved version Zenit-2M commonly had a Nauka module mounted on the forward end of the sphere.

Russian military surveillance satellite. The Zenit-2 was a derivative of the manned Vostok, and the Soviet Union's first spy satellite. Reconnaissance, photo (low resolution, film return type), ELINT satellite built by OKB-1 for GRU, Russia. Launched 1961 - 1970. Used Zenit bus.

AKA: 11F61;2K;Vostok 2;Zenit-2. Status: Operational 1961. First Launch: 1961-12-11. Last Launch: 1970-05-12. Number: 81 . Gross mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb).

It fulfilled the Soviet military's unmanned photo reconnaissance satellite requirement, and later versions remained in use into the 21st Century.

The Zenit spacecraft had its origins before Sputnik. In 1956, the Soviet military identified a requirement for a photo-reconnaissance satellite (see Zenit). Sergei Korolev, flushed after the success of Sputnik, instead advocated that manned spaceflight should have first priority. After bitter disputes, a compromise solution was reached. Korolev was authorized to proceed with development of a spacecraft to achieve manned flights at the earliest possible date. However the design would be such that the same spacecraft could be used to fulfill the military's unmanned photo reconnaissance satellite requirement. A series of 1K prototypes would prove the essential design; the 2K and 4K versions would be unmanned spy satellites, and the 3K the manned spaceship. The military resisted, but in November 1958 Korolev won, and the Council of Chief designers approved the Vostok manned space program, in combination with Zenit spy satellite program.

Development work was begun in May 1959. Project leader was Ryazanov until 1961; thereafter Tsybin. Section heads were Yu M Frumkin for the spacecraft and Ts V Solovyov for the communications. The agreed technical specifications for the 2K satellite (given the code name Zenit-2) were for a photo apparatus with a focal length of not less than a meter, limited only by the size of the spacecraft itself. Electronics were to include secure radio systems that would only transmit and receive data when the spacecraft was over the territory of the USSR. These included transmission of photo-television images and receipt of secure command and programming data.

There were many difficult problems during development. The requirement for 10-15 m camera resolution from 200-400 km altitude and a speed of 8,000 m/s meant that a motion compensation system was needed. Pointing requirements were very demanding, resulting in the first Soviet use of a gyroscopic platform, infrared horizon sensors, and integration of the sensors into an automated orientation system. Technical challenges existed not just in the spacecraft but in the ground control center, which had to generate spacecraft command sequences. This was the first development of an on0board system to execute complex commands from the ground. The spacecraft optics required that internal temperatures be kept within 1 degree Centigrade, and that temperature variations be no more than 0.1 degrees/hour. Since the spacecraft was normally oriented to the sun, an active thermal regulation system was needed.

The Vostok and Zenit satellites differed from each other as follows:

The first Zenits were fitted out with the SA-20 camera, with a focal length of 1 meter, the SA-10 camera, with a focal length of 0.2 m, the Baikal photo-television device, and the Kust-12M ELINT radio apparatus (developed by M E Zaslavskiy). Baikal was installed in Zenit serial numbers 1, 2, 3,4, 7 and 8. However after four successful trial flights (Cosmos 4, 7, 9, and 15) it became clear that the Baikal did not live up to its expected specifications (the United States had a similar experience with its early electro-optical systems on the Samos series). Subsequent Zenits dropped the Baikal and used the Ftor-2P, which combined the SA-20 and SA-10 cameras and the Kust-12M ELINT apparatus into a single system. The Ftor-2P was designed to photograph, from altitudes of 180 to 200 km, 1500 frames of film, each frame covering a 60 x 60 km area, for a total coverage per mission of 5.4 million square kilometers. The system could not only take photographs at the nadir but also at oblique angles to the side of the flight path. Yu V Ryabushkin of the Krasnogorsk Mechanical Factory was chief designer of the camera.

Zenits from the beginning carried small supplemental experimental packages, for example meteoroid or cosmic particle detectors. On Zenit number 80 the Nauka autonomous sub-satellite was flown. The Nauka containers served a dual purpose. Mounted on the forward end of the re-entry sphere, they provided ballast on the spacecraft during its mission. When the Zenit had completed its work, the Nauka would be released for autonomous flight. Over 40 Nauka containers were installed on Zenit-2 and Zenit-2M spacecraft, and they achieved noteworthy results in scientific and military space research.

Flight trials (LKI) Zenit-2s had a mass of 4,610 to 4,760 kg, and production models ranged from 4,700 to 4,740 kg.

Five prototype Vostok 1K spacecraft were launched in May to December 1960; only one of the flights was completely successful. These were followed two entirely successful Vostok 3KA launches in March 1961. The third Vostok 3KA, on 12 April 1961, put the first human into space. This was followed by Gherman Titov's day-long flight in August of the same year.

Focus now turned to testing of the 2K spacecraft, code named Zenit-2. A modification of the 8K72 three-stage launch vehicle, the 8A92, was developed for Zenit. The first launch on 11 December 1961 was a failure, due to a fault in the third stage.

The first flight trials Zenit-2 was launched on 11 December 1961. However the launch ended in failure of the launch vehicle upon ignition of the third stage. The spacecraft APO destruct system at least proved its operation by detecting the shut down and automatically destroying the spacecraft.

The second Zenit-2 successful reached orbit on 26 April 1962, officially being designated Cosmos 4. However leaks from the oxygen system tanks used for the orientation system resulted in the premature return of the spacecraft after three days of flight. During most of the flight the spacecraft was uncontrollable, although the photographic material returned could be used to determine the performance of the Baikal and SA-10 systems. In all 13 LKI trials launches were made of Zenit-2, three of which ended in failure of the launch vehicle. Each flight was used methodically to test all systems, verify guidance commands, etc. Lessons learned were applied to the modernized spacecraft, which had improved cameras, on-board systems, and autonomous guidance methods. The ineffective television system was deleted.

Zenit-2 number 14 began the production flights of the spacecraft. Production and design responsibility was moved at that point from Korolev's main OKB-1 facility near Moscow to OKB-1 Filial No.3 in Samara, headed by D I Kozlov. Later Kozlov was also given responsibility for the R-7 ICBM and its space-launch derivatives. Filial No. 3 was made a separate organization, the TsKB Central Specialized Construction Bureau, which incorporated the Progress production factory in Samara. The TsKB to this day has been the leading supplier to the Soviet military of imaging spacecraft, all of them using Soyuz launch vehicles produced at the same factory.

The first two Zenits were launched by the same 8K72K launcher used for the Vostok manned spacecraft. The rest, from 1962 to 1967, used productionized Vostok 8A92 launchers. The Zenit-2, given article number 11F61, and the 8A92 launchers, were adopted as armament of the Soviet Army on 10 March 1964 by decree of the Defense Ministry of the USSR number 0045.

From 1967 launch of most Zenit-2's was moved to the northern Plesetsk cosmodrome. To reach the higher-inclination orbits required use of a more powerful launch vehicle, the Soyuz 11A57. Decree no 0015 of 1967 amended the earlier decree to add to the Zenit-2 complex the 11A57 and the newer APO-4B destruct system.

From 1968 flights gradually transitioned to the modernized spacecraft Zenit-2M. The last launch of a Zenit-2 was on 12 May 1970. In all, including the state trials launches, 81 Zenit-2's were launched, of which 7 were lost on launch vehicle failures. Of the 74 that reached orbit, 13 had only partially successful missions due to various equipment failures; three were complete failures, with the spacecraft being destroyed. Notable Zenit flights included:

Typical orbital profile: inclination 65 degrees with an altitude of 197-318 km; inclination 51.8 degrees with an altitude of 200-272 km; inclination 72.8 degrees with an altitude of 203-337 km; inclination 81.3 degrees with an altitude of 201-368 km. Transmission frequencies observed in West: 19.995 PDM; sometimes 19.990 PDM.


More at: Zenit-2 satellite.


Family: Military surveillance sat, Surveillance, Surveillance orbit. Country: Russia. Engines: TDU-1. Launch Vehicles: R-7, Vostok 8K72K, Voskhod 11A57, Vostok 8A92. Launch Sites: Baikonur, Baikonur LC1, Plesetsk, Baikonur LC31, Plesetsk LC41/1, Plesetsk LC43/4. Agency: Korolev bureau, MOM. Bibliography: 102, 110, 175, 2, 367, 376, 42, 445, 474, 6, 93, 99.


Photo Gallery



Soviet Reconnsats Soviet ReconnsatsSoviet reconnaissance satellites. Top row: Zenit-2, Zenit-4, Advanced Zenit with aerodynamic orientation; Middle Row: Yantar 1K, Yantar 2K, Orlets-1 with multiple return capsules; bottom row, Buran-serviced pallet-based satellite; Yantar 4KS electrooptical


Zenit 2 Reconnsat Zenit 2 ReconnsatCredit: © Mark Wade


Zenit Optical Paths Zenit Optical Paths


Zenit Aerosurface Zenit AerosurfaceZenit Reconnaissance satellite with aerodynamic control services for orientation in orbit.


Zenit-4MT Zenit-4MTCredit: Manufacturer Image



1956 September 30 - .


1957 Spring - .


1958 November 1 - .


1959 May 22 - .


1959 May 22 - .


1961 February 22 - .


1961 October 28 - .


1961 December 11 - . 09:39 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8K72K. FAILURE: RO-7 engine of block E upper stage cutoff prematurely. Spacecraft liquidated by self destruct system APO in 407th second of flight. Debris landed 100 km north of Vilyuisk.. Failed Stage: 2.


1962 March 5 - .


1962 April 26 - . 10:02 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8K72K.


1962 June 1 - . 09:38 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. FAILURE: Shutdown of Block B strap-on engine stage 1.8 seconds after liftoff. The booster crashed 300 m from the pad. Pad damaged.. Failed Stage: 0.


1962 June 22 - .


1962 July 28 - . 09:18 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1962 August 4 - .


1962 September 27 - . 09:39 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1962 October 17 - . 09:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1962 December 6 - .


1962 December 22 - . 09:23 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1963 March 21 - . 08:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1963 April 22 - . 08:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1963 April 28 - . 08:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1963 May 24 - . 10:33 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1963 July 10 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. FAILURE: Shutdown of Block B strap-on engine stage 1.9 seconds after liftoff. Pad damaged.. Failed Stage: 0.


1963 October 18 - . 09:29 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1963 November 28 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. FAILURE: Failure of block E upper stage. Spacecraft liquidated by APO destruct system.. Failed Stage: 2.


1963 December 19 - . 09:28 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1964 March 10 - . LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1964 April 4 - . 09:36 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1964 April 25 - . 10:19 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1964 June 10 - . 10:48 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1964 June 23 - . 10:19 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1964 July 15 - . 11:31 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1964 August 14 - . 09:36 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1964 September 24 - . 12:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1964 October 14 - . 09:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1964 October 28 - . 10:48 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1965 January 11 - . 09:36 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1965 March 25 - . 10:04 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1965 May 7 - . 09:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1965 June 15 - . 10:04 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1965 July 13 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. FAILURE: Second stage guidance failure.. Failed Stage: 2.


1965 August 14 - . 11:16 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1965 November 27 - . 08:24 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1965 December 10 - . 08:09 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1966 January 7 - . 08:24 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1966 January 22 - . 08:38 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1966 February 10 - . 08:52 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1966 March 17 - . 10:28 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1966 April 20 - . 10:48 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1966 May 6 - . 11:02 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1966 June 8 - . 11:02 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1966 July 14 - . 10:33 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1966 September 16 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. FAILURE: Launch vehicle destroyed. Failure of Block D core stage.. Failed Stage: 1.


1966 October 14 - . 12:13 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1966 November 19 - . 08:09 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1966 December 19 - . 12:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1967 January 1 - . LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1967 January 19 - . 12:39 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1967 February 27 - . 08:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1967 March 13 - . 12:10 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1967 April 4 - . 14:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1967 May 12 - . 10:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.


1967 June 8 - . 13:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1967 July 4 - . 05:59 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1967 September 1 - . 10:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. FAILURE: Failure of Block I stage at 296 seconds. Remnants of spacecraft and stage fell near Novaya Zemlya.. Failed Stage: 2.


1967 September 16 - . 06:06 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1967 September 26 - . 10:20 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1967 October 11 - . 11:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1967 November 25 - . 11:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1967 December 16 - . 12:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1968 January 16 - . 12:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1968 March 5 - . 12:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1968 April 3 - . 11:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1968 April 20 - . 10:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1968 June 1 - . 10:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1968 July 10 - . 19:49 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1968 August 9 - . 07:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1968 September 14 - . 06:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1968 October 11 - . 12:05 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1968 November 13 - . 12:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1968 November 29 - . 12:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1968 December 10 - . 08:25 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1969 January 12 - . 12:10 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1969 February 25 - . 10:20 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1969 March 22 - . 12:15 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1969 April 9 - . 13:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1969 May 13 - . 09:15 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1969 June 24 - . 06:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1969 July 22 - . 12:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1969 September 24 - . 12:15 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1969 November 12 - . 11:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1970 March 4 - . 12:14 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC43/4. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1970 March 13 - . 08:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC43/4. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.


1970 May 12 - . 10:10 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC41/1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.



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