Nyquist Reference Manual (original) (raw)

Version 3.24 Copyright 2013-2025 by Roger B. Dannenberg

Carnegie Mellon University
School of Computer Science
Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.A.

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Table of Contents

• Preface
• Introduction and Overview
  • Installation
    * Troubleshooting
  • Using NyquistIDE
  • Using SAL
  • Command Line
  • Helpful Hints
  • Using Lisp
  • Examples
    * Non-Sinusoidal Waveforms
    * Using Wavetables
    * Sequences
    * Envelopes
    * Piece-wise Linear Functions
  • Predefined Constants
  • More Examples
• The NyquistIDE Program
  • NyquistIDE Overview
  • The Button Bar
  • Command Completion
  • Extension Manager
  • Browser
  • Envelope Editor
  • Equalizer Editor
  • UPIC Editor
• Behavioral Abstraction
  • The Environment
  • Sequential Behavior
  • Simultaneous Behavior
  • Sounds vs. Behaviors
  • The At Transformation
  • The Stretch Transformation
  • Nested Transformations
  • Defining Behaviors
  • Overriding Default Transformations
  • Sampling Rates
• Continuous Transformations and Time Warps
  • Simple Transformations
  • Time Warps
  • Abstract Time Warps
  • Nested Transformations
• More Examples
  • Stretching Sampled Sounds
  • Saving Sound Files
  • Memory Space and Normalization
  • Frequency Modulation
  • Building a Wavetable
  • Filter Examples
  • DSP in Lisp
• SAL
  • SAL Syntax and Semantics
    * Expressions
    * Simple Expressions
    * Operators
    * Function Calls
    * Array Notation
    * Conditional Values
    * SAL Statements
    * begin and end
    * chdir
    * define variable
    * define function
    * exec
    * if
    * when
    * unless
    * load
    * loop
    * play
    * plot
    * print
    * display
    * return
    * set
    * with
    * exit
  • Interoperability of SAL and XLISP
    * Function Calls
    * Symbols and Functions
    * Playing Tricks On the SAL Compiler
• Nyquist Functions
  • Sounds
    * What is a Sound?
    * Multichannel Sounds
    * Accessing and Creating Sound
    * Miscellaneous Functions
  • Behaviors
    * Using Previously Created Sounds
    * Sound Synthesis
    * Oscillators
    * Piece-wise Approximations
    * Filter Behaviors
    * Effects
    * Physical Models
    * Phase Vocoder
    * More Behaviors
  • Transformations
  • Combination and Time Structure
  • Sound File Input and Output
  • Low-level Functions
    * Creating Sounds
    * Signal Operations
    * Filters
    * Table-Lookup Oscillator Functions
    * Phase Vocoder Functions
    * Physical Model Functions
    * Sequence Support Functions
• Nyquist Globals
• Interactive Nyquist
  • Interactive Control with the NyquistIDE
    * Creating a Control Panel
    * Creating Controls
    * Accessing Control Values
    * Starting and Stopping Sounds
  • Using Open Sound Control
    * Sending Open Sound Control Messages
    * Python3 OSC Interface Demo
    * Test Programs in C
    * The ser-to-osc Program
• Time/Frequency Transformation
  • Spectral Processing
• MIDI, Adagio, and Sequences
  • The SEQ Type
  • Adagio Score Language
  • Specifying Attributes
    * Time
    * Pitch
    * Duration
    * Next Time
    * Rest
    * Articulation
    * Loudness
    * Voice
    * Timbre (MIDI Program)
    * Tempo
    * Rate
  • Default Attributes
  • Examples
  • Advanced Features
    * Time Units and Resolution
    * Multiple Notes Per Line
    * Control Change Commands
    * Multiple Tempi
    * MIDI Synchronization
    * System Exclusive Messages
    * Control Ramps
    * The !End Command
    * Calling C Routines
    * Setting C Variables
• Linear Prediction Analysis and Synthesis
  • LPC Classes and Functions
  • Low-level LPC Functions
• Developing and Debugging in Nyquist
  • Debugging
  • Useful Functions
• Xmusic and Algorithmic Composition
  • Xmusic Basics
  • Xmusic Patterns
    * Nested Patterns
    * Periods
    * General Parameters for Creating Pattern objects
    * cycle
    * line
    * random
    * palindrome
    * heap
    * accumulation
    * copier
    * accumulate
    * sum
    * product
    * eval
    * length
    * window
    * markov
  • Random Number Generators
  • Score Generation and Manipulation
    * Keyword Parameters
    * Using score-gen
    * Score Manipulation
    * Xmusic and Standard MIDI Files
    * Workspaces
    * Utility Functions
• Nyquist Libraries
  • Statistics
  • Plots
  • Labeling Audio Events, Marking Audio Times, Displaying Marked Audio Times
  • Linear Regression
  • Vector Math, Linear Algebra
  • JSON Input and Output
  • Piano Synthesizer
  • Dynamics Compression
  • Clipping Softener
  • Graphical Equalizer
  • Sound Reversal
  • Time Delay Functions
  • Multiple Band Effects
  • Granular Synthesis
  • Chowning FM Voices
  • Atonal Melody Composition
  • MIDI Utilities
  • Reverberation
  • DTMF Encoding
  • Dolby Surround(R), Stereo and Spatialization Effects
  • Drum Machine
• Appendix 1: Extending Nyquist
  • Translating Descriptions to C Code
  • Rebuilding Nyquist
  • Accessing the New Function
  • Why Translation?
  • Writing a .alg File
  • Attributes
  • Generated Names
  • Scalar Arguments
• Appendix 2: Intgen
  • Overview
    * Extending Xlisp
  • Header file format
  • Using #define'd macros
  • Lisp Include Files
  • Example
  • More Details
• Appendix 3: XLISP: An Object-oriented Lisp
  • Introduction
  • A Note From The Author
  • XLISP Command Loop
  • Special Characters
  • Break Command Loop
  • Data Types
  • The Evaluator
  • Lexical Conventions
  • Readtables
  • Lambda Lists
  • Objects
  • The “Object” Class
  • The “Class” Class
  • Profiling
  • Symbols
  • Evaluation Functions
  • Symbol Functions
  • Property List Functions
  • Array Functions
  • List Functions
  • Destructive List Functions
  • Predicate Functions
  • Control Constructs
  • Looping Constructs
  • The Program Feature
  • Debugging and Error Handling
  • Arithmetic Functions
  • Bitwise Logical Functions
  • String Functions
  • Character Functions
  • Input/Output Functions
  • The Format Function
  • File I/O Functions
  • String Stream Functions
  • System Functions
  • File I/O Functions
    * Input from a File
    * Output to a File
    * A Slightly More Complicated File Example
• Index

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