Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids - Physical Data (original) (raw)

Below the table, examples of molecule structures for the different classes of alcohols and acids are given, together with a definition of the different classes of organic compounds.

For figures showing trends for the different classes with increasing chain lengths, as well as molecular structures, see also

• Density of hydrocarbons and linear alcohols and acids
• Boiling points of hydrocarbons, alcohols and acids
• Melting points of hydrocarbons, alcohols and acids
• pKa of phenols, alcohols and carboxylic acids

For more tabulated values, see Physical data for hydrocarbons , Physical data for organic sulfur compounds and Physical data for organic nitrogen compounds

For full table - rotate the screen!

Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids - Physical Data

Definitions of organic compounds

Hydrocarbon: An organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.

Main groups of hydrocarbons:

Alkane: An acyclic saturated hydrocarbon, with the general formula Cn H2n+2 . Also called paraffin .

Alkene: An unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon–carbon double bond, with the general formula Cn H2n . Also called olefine .

Cycloalkane: A one-ring (monocyclic) saturated hydrocarbon, with the general formula Cn H2n . Also called naphthene .

Aromatic hydrocarbon : A cyclic (ring-shaped), planar (flat) molecule with a ring of resonance bonds that exhibits more stability than other geometric or connective arrangements with the same set of atoms. The simplest of the aromatics have 6 carbon atoms and contains 3 double bounds. A one ring aromatic without any substituents is called benzene, with the formula C6 H6.

Some under-groups of hydrocarbons given in this document:

Alkyl: An alkane substituent missing one hydrogen, with general formula Cn H2n+1

Branched alkyl: An alkyl with one or several side chains of carbon atoms connected to the main carbon atom chain.

Phenyl: An phenyl group is a benzene substituent missing one hydrogen, with general formula C6H5.

Classes of alcohols:

Alcohol: an organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is bound to a saturated carbon atom

Alkanol: An alcohol where the hydroxyl group is bound to an alkyl. If the hydroxyl group is bound to a carbon atom at the end of the alkyl, it is a 1-alkanol, if it is bound to the second carbon, it is a 2-alkanol, etc.

Branched alcohol: An alcohol where the hydroxyl group is bound to a branched alkyl.

Cyclo alcohol: An alcohol where the hydroxyl group is bound to a cycloalkane.

Phenol: An alcohol where the hydroxyl group is bound to a phenyl group, with the formula C6H5OH.

Phenols: A group of compounds consisting of a phenol molecule with one or more substiuents.

Diol: An organic compound containing two hydroxyl groups, R(-OH)2.

Triol : An organic compound containing three hydroxyl groups, R(-OH)3.

Classes of carboxylic acids:

Carboxylic acid: an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (C(=O)OH). The general formula of a carboxylic acid is R–COOH, with R referring to the rest of the molecule.

Alkanoic acid: A carboxylic acid where the R is an alkyl.

Branched alkanoic acid: A carboxylic acid where the R is a branched alkyl.

Phenyl-alkanoic acid: An alkanoic acid bound to a phenyl.

Benzoic acid: A carboxylic acid where the acid group is substituted to one carbon of a benzene ring.

Hydroxy acid: A carboxylic acid containing an additional hydroxyl group.

Dioic acid: A carboxylic acid with two acid groups, R(-COOH)2

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