Dolphin (original) (raw)
''This article is about the dolphin mammal. For other uses of the term, please see dolphin (disambiguation).
Dolphins are certain aquatic mammals related to whales and porpoises.
The word is used in a few different ways. It can mean:
- any member of the family Delphinidae (oceanic dolphins),
- any member of the families Delphinidae and Platanistoidae (oceanic and river dolphins),
- any member of the suborder Odontoceti (toothed whales; these include the above families and some others),
- laymen often use the term synonymously with Bottlenose Dolphin, the most common and familiar species of dolphin.
Wikipedia uses definition 2 above.
Porpoises (suborder Odontoceti, family Phocoenidae) are thus not dolphins in our sense. Killer Whales and some related species belong to the Delphinidae family and therefore qualify as dolphins, even though they are called whales in common language.
There are almost 40 species of dolphin in 17 genera. They vary in size from 1.2 metres and 40 kg (Heaviside's Dolphin), up to 7 metres and 4.5 tonnes (the Killer Whale). Most species weigh between about 50 and about 200 kg. They are found worldwide, mostly in the shallower seas of the continental shelves, and all are carnivores, mostly taking fish and squid.
The dolphin family is the largest in the Cetacea, and relatively recent: dolphins evolved about 10 million years ago, during the Miocene.
Taxonomy
- Suborder Odontoceti, toothed whales
- Family Delphinidae, oceanic Dolphins
* Genus Delphinus
* Long-Beaked Common Dolphin, Delphinus capensis
* Short-Beaked Common Dolphin, Delphinus delphis
* Genus Tursiops
* Bottlenose Dolphin, Tursiops truncatus
* Genus Lissodelphis
* Northern Rightwhale Dolphin, Lissodelphis borealis
* Southern Rightwhale Dolphin, Lissiodelphis peronii
* Genus Sotalia
* Tucuxi, Sotalia fluviatilis
* Genus Sousa
* Indo-Pacific Hump-backed Dolphin Sousa chinensis
* Chinese White Dolphin is the Chinese variant
* Atlantic Humpbacked Dolphin, Sousa teuszii
* Genus Stenella
* Atlantic Spotted Dolphin, Stenella frontalis
* Clymene Dolphin, Stenella clymene
* Pantropical Spotted Dolphin, Stenella attenuata
* Spinner Dolphin, Stenella longirostris
* Striped Dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba
* Genus Steno
* Rough-Toothed Dolphin, Steno bredanensis
* Genus Cephalorynchus
* Chilean Dolphin, Cephalorhynchus eutropia
* Commerson's Dolphin, Cephalorhynchus commersonii
* Heaviside's Dolphin, Cephalorhynchus heavisidii
* Hector's Dolphin, Cephalorhynchus hectori
* Genus Grampus
* Risso's Dolphin, Grampus griseus
* Genus Lagenodelphis
* Fraser's Dolphin, Lagenodelphis hosei
* Genus Lagenorhyncus
* Atlantic White-Sided Dolphin, Lagenorhynchus acutus
* Dusky Dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obscurus
* Hourglass Dolphin, Lagenorhynchus cruciger
* Pacific White-Sided Dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens
* Peale's Dolphin, Lagenorhynchus australis
* White-Beaked Dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris
* Genus Orcaella
* Irrawaddy Dolphin, Orcaella brevirostris
* Genus Peponocephalia
* Melon-headed Whale, Peponocephalia electra
* Genus Orcinus
* Killer Whale, Orcinus orca
* Genus Feresa
* Pygmy Killer Whale, Feresa attenuata
* Genus Psudoorca
* False Killer Whale, Psudoorca crassidens
* Genus Globicephala
* Long-finned Pilot Whale, Globicephala melas
* Short-finned Pilot Whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus - Family Platanistoidae, River Dolphins
* Genus Inia
* Boto (Amazon River Dolphin,)Inia geoffrensis
* Genus Lipotes
* Chinese River Dolphin (Baiji) Lipotes vexillife
* Genus Platanista
* Ganges River Dolphin Platanista gangetica
* Indus River Dolphin Platanista minor
* Genus Pontoporia
* La Plata Dolphin (Franciscana) Pontoporia blainvillei
- Family Delphinidae, oceanic Dolphins
Six animals in the family Delphinidae are commonly called "whales" but are strictly speaking dolphins. They are sometimes called "blackfish":
- Melon-headed Whale, Peponocephalia electra
- Killer Whale, ''Orcinus orca'\'
- Pygmy Killer Whale, Feresa attenuata
- False Killer Whale, Psudoorca crassidens
- Long-finned Pilot Whale, Globicephala melas
- Short-finned Pilot Whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus
Dolphin anatomy
still missing.
Dolphin behaviour
Dolphins are amongst the most intelligent of all animals. See the
Dolphin brain article for more details.
Dolphins are also famous for their willingness to occassionally approach humans and interact with them in the water. In return, in some cultures like in Ancient Greece treated with welcome, such as the idea of a ship spotting dolphins riding in their wake was considered a good omen for a smooth voyage.
Dolphin lore
The popular television show Flipper, created by Ivan Tors, portrayed a dolphin in a friendly relationship with two boys, Sandy and Bud; kind of a sea-going Lassie, he understood English unusually well and was a marked hero: "Go tell Dad we're in trouble, Flipper! Hurry!" The show's theme song contains the lyric no one you see/is smarter than he.