Amniota (original) (raw)

After Laurin, Gauthier & Hedges, 1996-1997, Laurin & Gauthier, 1996-2000, Modesto, 1999, and Müller & Reisz, 2006 (with species information form “The Paleobiology Database”

**<==o Amniota Haeckel, 1866 sensu lato (vesikalvolliset selkärankaiset) |?- †Casineria kiddi Paton et al., 1999 --o Amniota Haeckel, 1866 _sensu stricto_ [the last common ancester of modern reptiles and mammals] |-- [Synapsida](../synapsida/synapsida%5F1.html) Osborn, 1903 [Theropsida] (mammal-like amniotes; yksiohimoaukkoiset amniootit, nisäkäsmäiset amniootit) --o Reptilia Laurenti, 1768 [Sauropsida] (true reptiles; matelijamaiset amniootit, aitomatelijat) |-- Parareptilia Olson, 1947 sensu Tsuji & Müller, 2009 [Anapsida Osborn, 1903 (paraphyletic); Proganosauria;] (anapsids, parareptiles; ohimoaukottomat amniootit, parareptiilit) --o Eureptilia Olson, 1947 ==**o †“Protorothyrididae” Price, 1937 [Romeriidae Carroll, 1964 (in partim)] |-- †Coelostegus prothales Carroll & Baird, 1972; U.Carb. CEu. |--+-- †Thuringothyris mahlendorffae Boy & Martens, 1991; L.Perm. CEu. | -- †[Captorhinidae](captorhinidae.html) Case, 1911 [Pariotichidae Cope, 1895; Romeriidae Carroll, 1964 (_in partim_)] --o Romeriida Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe, 1988a [Romeriidae Carroll, 1964 (in partim)] |-- †Brouffia orientalis Carroll & Baird, 1972; U.Carb. CEu. --+-- †_Paleothyris acadiana_ Carroll, 1969 --+--o †Hylonomus Dawson, 1860 [Fritschia] [Hylonomidae Moodie, 1916] | |-- †H. aciedentatus (Dawson, 1860) [Hylerpeton aciedentatus Dawson, 1860] | |-- †H. lyelli Dawson, 1860 [Hylerpeton curtidentatum Dawson, 1860] | -- †_H. wymani_ Dawson, 1860 --+--o †Protorothyrididae Price, 1937 sensu stricto [includes type; Protorothyris archeri Price, 1937] | |-- †Anthracodromemus longipes (Cope, 1874a) Carroll & Baird, 1972 | |-- †Cephalerpeton ventriarmatum Moodie, 1912 | --o †_Protorothyris_ Price, 1937 [_Melanothyris_ Romer, 1952] | |-- †_P. archeri_ Price, 1937 | -- †P. morani (Romer, 1952) [Melanothyris morani Romer, 1952] `-- Diapsida Osborn, 1903 (diapsids; kaksiohimoaukkoiset amniootit)

Amniota incertae sedis:

†_Archerpeton_
†_Coelodontognathus_ Otschev, 1967 [a procolophonoid-like form]
    †_C. ricovi_ Otschev, 1967 
    †_C. donensis_ Otschev, 1967 
†_Vitalia grata_ Ivakhnenko, 1973 [a procolophonoid-like form]

Reference(s):

• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698.
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
  in Carrol, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
• Laurin, M., Gauthier, J. A. & Hedges, S. B., 1996-1997: Amniota - Mammals and reptiles.
  –iNet: The Tree of Life
• Laurin, M., & Gauthier, J. A., 1996-2000: Phylogeny and Classification of Amniotes.
  –iNet: The Tree of Life: http://tolweb.org/tree/eukaryotes/animals/chordata/amniotelichen/Amniotephylogeny.html
• Modesto, S. P., 1999: Observations on the structure of the Early Permian reptile Staurosternon tuditum Cope.
  –Paleontologica Africana: Vol. 35, pp. 7-19
• Müller, J., Berman, D. S., Henrici, A. C., Martens, T. & Sumida, S. S., 2006: The basal reptile Thuringothyris mahlendorffae (Amniota: Eureptilia) from the Lower Permian of Germany.
  –Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 80, #2, pp. 726-739
• Müller, J. & Reisz, R. R., 2006: The phylogeny of early eureptiles: comparing parsimony and bayesian approaches in the investigation of a basal fossil clade.
  –Systematic Biology: Vol. 55, #3, pp. 503-511 [doi: 10.1080/10635150600755396]
• Paton, R. L., Smithson, T. R., & Clack, J. A., 1999: An amniote-like skeleton from the Early Carboniferous of Scotland.
  –Nature: Vol. 398, 8 April, pp. 508-513
• Smithson, T. R., 1989: The earliest known reptile.
  –Nature: Vol. 342, 7 December, pp. 676-678
• Spencer, P. S. & Benton, M. J., 2000: Procolophonoids from the Permo-Triassic of Russia. 160-176
  in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
  –Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000 xxxix-696