Platynota (original) (raw)

After Pepin, 199?, Caldwell, 1999, Lee & Caldwell, 2000, Balsai, 2001, and Conrad, Rieppel & Grande, 2008

<==o Platynota Baur, 1890 (non Camp, 1923?) (varaanintapaiset liskot; Varanus-like lizards) |?- †Pachyvaranus crassispondylus Arambourgh, 1952 |?- †Platynota gen. et sp. indet. Augé, 2003 [Varanoidea indet. Augé et al., 1997] L.Eoc. WEu. |?- †Proplatynota longirostrata (Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1984) [Proplatynotia Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1984] |?-o †Parviraptor Evans, 1994 [treated as basal snakes by Caldwell et al., 2015] | |-- †P. estesi Evans, 1994 | -- †_P. gilmorei_ Evans, 1996 [= _Diablophis gilmorei_ (Evans) Caldwell, Nydam, Palci & Apestegu�a, 2015] |?- †“_Saniwa_” _feisti_ Stritzke, 1983 |--o †“Necrosauridae” Hoffstetter, 1943 [Parasaniwidae Estes, 1964] [paraphyletic?] | |?- †_Provaranosaurus acutus_ Gilmore 1942 | |-- †_Colpodontosaurus cracens_ Estes, 1964 | |-- †_Eosaniwa koehni_ Haubold, 1977; M.Eoc. CEu. | |-- †_Parviderma inexacta_ Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1984 | |--o †_Necrosaurus cayluxi_ Filhol, 1873 [_Melanosauroides_; _Odontomophis_; _Palaeosaurus_; _Palaeovaranus_] | | |-- †_N. cayluxi_ Filhol, 1873 | | |-- †_N. eucarinatus_ Kuhn, 1940 | | -- †N. filholi De Stefano, 1903 | -- †_Parasaniwa wyomingensis_ Gilmore 1928 --+?- †Gobiderma pulchrum Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1984 [Gobidermatidae] --o Thecoglossa --o Varanoidea Boulenger, 1891 [non Camp, 1923] sensu Belsai, 2001 [last common ancestor of Lanthanotus, Heloderma & Varanus] |?- †Aiolosaurus oriens Gao & Norell, 2000 |?- †Ovoo gurvel Norell, Gao & Conrad, 2007 |--+--o Lanthanotinae [Lanthanotidae] (kuurovaraanit) | | |-- †Cherminotus longifrons Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1984 | | -- _Lanthanotus borneensis_ Steindachner, 1878 (kuurovaraani; earless monitor) | --+?- †Palaeosaniwa canadensis Gilmore, 1928 [Megasaurus] | --o Monstersauria Norell & Gao, 1997 [Estesioidea] | |?- †_Labrodioctes montanensis_ Gao & Fox, 1996 | |?- †_Telmasaurus grangeri_ Gilmore, 1943 | |-- †_Gobiderma pulchrum_ Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1984 [Gobidermatidae] | --o Helodermatoidea | |-- †Paraderma bogerti Estes, 1964 | |-- †Primaderma nessovi Nydam, 2000 | --o Helodermatidae Gray, 1837 _sensu_ Mead, Schubert, Wallace & Swift, 2012 (myrkkyliskot) | |-- †_Estesia mongoliensis_ Norell, McKenna & Novacek, 1992 | --+-- †Eurheloderma gallicum Hoffstetter, 1957 | --+-- †_Lowesaurus matthewi_ Pregill, Gauthier & Greene, 1986 | --o Helodermatidae (myrkkyliskot) | |?- ?†Helodermatidae indet. Augé, 2003; L.Eoc. WEu. | |?- ?†Helodermatidae indet. Mead, Schubert, Wallace & Swift, 2012; Mioc.-Plioc. CNAm. | --o _Heloderma_ Wiegmann, 1829; E.Mioc.-R. WNAm. (myrkkyliskot) | |-- †_H. texana_ Stevens, 1977 | |--o _H. suspectum_ Cope, 1896 (gila monster; gilahirviö) | | |-- _H. s. cinctum_ Bogert & Martín del Campo, 1956 (Banded Gila Monster) | | -- H. s. suspectum Cope, 1896 (Reticulate Gila Monster) | --o _H. horridus_ Wiegmann, 1829 (beaded lizard; skorpionilisko) | |-- _H. h. horridus_ Wiegmann, 1829 | |-- _H. h. alvarezi_ Bogert & Martín del Campo, 1956 | |-- _H. h. exasperatum_ Bogert & Martín del Campo, 1956 | -- H. h. charlesbogerti Campbell & Vannini, 1988 --o Varanoidea Camp, 1923 _sensu tradionalis_ [all platynotans closer to _Varanus_ than to _Heloderma_] |-- [Pythonomorpha](../pythonomorpha/pythonomorpha%5F1.html) Cope, 1869 _sensu_ Lee & Caldwell, 2000 (käärmeet & meriliskot; snakes & mosasaurids) --o Varanidae Merrem, 1820 (varaanit, monitor lizards) ["Varanoinea"] |?- †Iberovaranus catalaunicus Hoffstetter, 1969; Mioc. Eu. [=? Varanus Delfino, Rage, Bolet & Alba (in press)] |?- †Chilingosaurus chingshankouensis Young, 1961 |--+-- †Telmasaurus grangeri Gilmore, 1943 [also treated as basal Monstersaurian] | -- †_Saniwides mongoliensis_ Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1984 --+--o †Saniwa Leidy, 1870 [Thinosaurus Marsh 1872] [Saniwinae Camp, 1923] | |-- †S. ensidens Leidy, 1870 [taxonomic history] | |-- †S. orsmaelensis Dollo, 1923; Estes, 1983 | -- †_S. edura_ Smith, 2006 -- Varanus Merrem, 1820 [Hydrosaurus Wagler, 1830] ?L.Eoc. As., Olig.-R. Aust., M.Mioc.-R. As.; L.Mioc.-R. Af., Mioc. Eu. (varaanit, monitor lizards)

Alternative phylogenies of Platynota:

| After Ivanov, Ruta, Klembara & B�hme, 2018 **<==**o Platynota |-- †Parasaniwa wyomingensis `--+-- †Eosaniwa koehni_ `--+-- Heloderma_ `--+-- †_Necrosaurus eucarinatus `--+--+-- †_Saniwa feisti | `-- †Necrosaurus cayluxi_ `--+-- †_Cherminotus longifrons `--+--+-- †Ovoo gurvel_ | `-- †Mosasauroidea `--+-- “Varanid – Yale Quarry” `--+-- Lanthanotus_ `--+--+-- †_Saniwa ensidens | `-- Varanus_ `--+-- †_Telmasaurus grangeri `--+--+-- †_Saniwides mongoliensis | `-- †Parviderma inexacta_ `--+-- †_Aiolosaurus oriens `--+-- †Proplatynotia longirostrata_ `--+-- “_Saniwa – Jebel Qatrani” `-- †Paravaranus angustifrons_ Reference(s): Ivanov, M., Ruta, M., Klembara, J. & B�hme, M., 2018: A new species of Varanus (Anguimorpha: Varanidae) from the early Miocene of the Czech Republic, and its relationships and palaeoecology.–Journal of Systematic Palaeontology: Vol. 16, #9, pp. 767-797 [**doi: 10.1080/14772019.2017.1355338**] | After Conrad, Rieppel & Grande, 2008 **<==**o Platynota |-- †“_Saniwa_” feisti `--+-- †_Necrosaurus `--+--+-- †Saniwides_ | `-- †_Telmasaurus `--+-- †Aiolosaurus_ | -- Lanthanotus | -- †Cherminotus | -- †Ovoo `--+-- †_Saniwa `-- Varanus_ Reference(s): Conrad, J. L., Rieppel, O. C. & Grande, L., 2008: Re-assessment of varanid evolution based on new data from Saniwa ensidens Leidy, 1870 (Squamata, Reptilia).–American Museum Novitates: #3630, pp. 1-15 | After Norell, Gao & Conrad, 2007 (fig. 7b) **<==**o Platynota |-- †Mosasauria `--+-- †“_Saniwa_” feisti | -- †_Necrosaurus `--+--+-- †Saniwides_ | `-- †_Telmasaurus `--+-- †Aiolosaurus_ | --+-- Lanthanotus | `-- †_Cherminotus `--+-- †Ovoo_ `--+-- †_Saniwa `-- Varanus_ Reference(s): Norell, M. A., Gao, K.-Q. & Conrad, J. L., 2007: A New Platynotan Lizard (Diapsida: Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous Gobi Desert (�mn�gov), Mongolia.–American Museum Novitates: #3605, pp. 1-22 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------ | ----------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | ------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | ---------------- | | ----------------- | ------------------------------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | ----------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | | After Rieppel, Conrad & Maisano, 2007 **<==**o Platynota |-- †Parasaniwa `--+-- †_Parviderma `--o Varanoidea | -- Monstersauria `--+-- †Necrosaurus `--+-- †“Saniwa_” feisti `--+-- †_Proplatynotia `--+--+-- †Telmasaurus_ | `--+-- †_Saniwides | `-- Varanidae `--+-- †Eosaniwa `--+-- †Parasaniva_ `--+-- †Dolichosauridae `-- †Mosasauroidea Reference(s): Rieppel, O., Conrad, J. L. & Maisano, J. A., 2007: New morphological data for Eosaniwa koehni Haubold, 1977 and a revised phylogenetic analysis.–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 81, #4, pp. 760-769 [**doi: 10.1666/pleo0022-3360(2007)081[0760:NMDFEK]2.0.CO;2**] | After Nydam, 2000, and Balsai, 2001 **<==**o Platynota |?- †Parviraptor `--o ?Thecoglossa | --+?- †_Palaeosaniwa | `-- Monstersauria `--o Varanoidea | ?- †Proplatynota | **==**o †Necrosauridae | | ?- †Provaranosaurus | | -- †Colpodontosaurus | | -- †Eosaniwa | | -- †Parviderma | | -- †Necrosaurus | `-- †Parasaniwa_ `--o Varanidae | ?- †_Pachyvaranus | ?- †Iberovaranus | ?- †Chilingosaurus `--+-- †Telmasaurus_ `--+-- †_Saniwa `--+--o Lanthanotinae | | -- †_Cherminotus_ | `-- Lanthanotus `--o Varaninae | ?- †_Saniwides_ `-- Varanus |

Reference(s):

• Alifanov, V. R., 2000: The fossil record of Cretaceous lizards from Mongolia. 368-389
  in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
  –Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000 xxxix-696
• Augé, M., 2003: La faune de Lacertilia (Reptilia, Squamata) de l'Éocène inférieur de Prémontré (Bassin de Paris, France)
  [The lizard fauna (Reptilia, Squamata) from the lower Eocene locality of Prémontré (Paris Basin, France)].
  –Geodiversitas: Vol. 25, #3, pp. 539-574
• Balsai, M. J., 2001: Redescription and revised taxonomy of Palaeosaniwa canadensis based upon new more complete material.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #3, Supplement to #3, pp. 31A
• De Buffr�nil, V., Bardet, N., Pereda-Suberbiola, X. & Bouya, B., 2008: Specialization of bone structure in Pachyvaranus crassispondylus Arambourg, 1952, an aquatic squamate from the Late Cretaceous of the southern Tethyan margin.
  –Lethaia: Vol. 41, #1, pp. 59-69 [**doi: 10.1111/j.1502-3931.2007.00042.x**]
• Caldwell, M. W., 1999: Description and phylogenetic relationships of a new species of Coniasaurus Owen, 1850.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 19, #3, pp. 438 - 455
• Caldwell, M. W., 1999: Squamate phylogeny and the relationships of snakes and mosasauroids.
  –Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society; Vol. 125, pp. 115-147
• Caldwell, M. W., 2003: Holotype snout elements of Saniwa ensidens reassigned to cf. Restes sp. indet. (Xenosauridae).
  –Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 77, #2, pp. 393-396
• Caldwell, M. W. & Cooper, J. A. 2000: Redescription, palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology of Coniasaurus grassidens Owen, 1850 (Squamata) from the Lower Chalk (Cretaceous; Cenomanian) of SE England.
  –Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: vol. 127, #4, pp. 423-452.
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
  in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
• Conrad, J. L., Rieppel, O. C. & Grande, L., 2008: Re-assessment of varanid evolution based on new data from Saniwa ensidens Leidy, 1870 (Squamata, Reptilia).
  –American Museum Novitates: #3630, pp. 1-15
• Evans, S. E. & Barbadillo, J., 1997: Early Cretaceous lizards from Las Hoyas, Spain.
  –Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 119, #1, pp. 23-49.
• Gao, K.-Q. & Norell, M. A., 2000: Taxonomic composition and systematics of Late Cretaceous lizard assemblages from Ukhaa Tolgod and adjacent localities, Mongolian Gobi Desert.
  –Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History: #249, pp. 1-118
• Lee, M. S. Y. & Caldwell, M. W., 2000: Adriosaurus and the affinities of mosasaurs, dolichosaurs, and snakes.
  –Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 74, #5, pp. 915-937
• Mead, J. I., Schubert, B. W., Wallace, S. C. & Swift, S. L., 2012: Helodermatid Lizard from the Mio-Pliocene Oak-Hickory Forest of Tennessee, Eastern USA, and a Review of Monstersaurian Osteoderms.
  –Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 57, #1, pp. 111-121 [**doi: 10.4202/app.2010.0083**]
• Norell, M. A., Gao, K.-Q. & Conrad, J., 2008: A New Platynotan Lizard (Diapsida: Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous Gobi Desert (Ömnögov), Mongolia.
  –American Museum Novitates: #3605, pp. 1-22 [**doi: 10.1206/0003-0082(2008)3605[1:ANPLDS]2.0.CO;2**]
• Nydam, R. L., 2000: A new taxon of helodermatid-like lizard from the Albian-Cenomanian of Utah.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #2, pp. 285-294
• Nydam, R. L., 2002: Lizards of the Mussentuchit Local Fauna (Albian-Cenomanian Boundary) and comments on the evolution of the Cretaceous lizard fauna of North America.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 22, #3, pp. 645-660
• Pepin, D. J., 199?: The origin of monitor lizards based on a review of the fossil evidence.
  –iNet: http://artsci.wustl.edu/~djpepin/fossil.html
• Pianka, E. R., 199?: Evolution of varanid lizards.
  –iNet: http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~varanus/varanus.html
• Rage, J.-C. & Bailon, S., 2005: Amphibians and squamate reptiles from the late Early Miocene (MN 4) of Béon 1 (Montréal-du-Gers, southwestern France).
  –Geodiversitas: Vol. 27, #3, pp. 413-441
• Rieppel, O., Conrad, J. L. & Maisano, J. A., 2007: New morphological data for Eosaniwa koehni Haubold, 1977 and a revised phylogenetic analysis.
  –Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 81, #4, pp. 760-769 [**doi: 10.1666/pleo0022-3360(2007)081[0760:NMDFEK]2.0.CO;2**]
• Rieppel, O. & Grande, L., 2007: The anatomy of the fossil varanid lizard Saniwa ensidens Leidy, 1870, based on a newly discovered complete skeleton.
  –Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 81, #4, pp. 643-665 [**doi: 10.1666/pleo0022-3360(2007)081[0643:TAOTFV]2.0.CO;2**]
• Uetz, P., Etzold, T. & Chenna, R., 1995-2000: The TIGR Reptile Database [former EMBL Reptile Database]
  –iNet: http://www.reptile-database.org/