Canidae: Caninae: Vulpiniive (original) (raw)
After Nowak, 1991, Bininda-Emonds, Gittleman & Purvis, 1999, and Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009
**<==o Vulpini Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1832 (foxes; ketut)
|--o Vulpes Frisch, 1775 sensu Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009 [Fennecus Desmarest, 1804; Megalotis Illiger, 1811; Vulpis Gray, 1821; Alopex Kaup, 1829; Cynalopex H. Smith, 1839; Leucocyon Gray, 1868; Mamvulpesus Herrera, 1899; Xenalopex Kretzoi, 1954] (foxes; ketut)
| |?- †V. beihaiensis Qiu & Tedford, 1990
| |?- †V. chikushanensis Teilhard de Chardin, 1940
| |?- †V. galaticus
| |?- †V. pattisoni
| |?- †V. pulcher
| |?- †V. riffautae de Bonis, Peigné, Likius, Mackaye, Vignaud & Brunet, 2007
| |?-o V. macrotis Merriam, 1888 [ssp.=>V. velox??] (kit fox)
| | |-- V. m. mutica
| | -- _V. m. macrotis_ | |--+-- _V. pallida_ (Pale fox; vaaleakettu) | | |-- _V. chama_ (Cape fox; kaamakettu, kapinkettu) | | -- V. bengalensis (Bengal fox; bengalinkettu)
| --+--+-- _V. cana_ (Blanford's fox; blanfordinkettu) | | -- V. zerda (Desmarest, 1804) [Fennecus zerda Desmarest, 1804] (Fennec fox; aavikkokettu, fennekki)
| --+-- †_V. kernensis_ Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009; L.Mioc. NAm. | --+-- †V. stenognathus Savage, 1941; L.Mioc. NAm.
| --+?-+?-o _V. velox_ (Say, 1823) [10 ssp.] (swift fox; kissakettu) | | | |-- _V. v. velox_ (kissakettu) | | | |-- _V. v. hebes_ (pikkukissakettu) | | | -- V. v. neomexicana (meksikonaavikkokettu)
| | --o ?(_Alopex_) Kaup, 1829? | | |-- †_V. qiuzhudingi_ Wang, Tseng, Li, Takeuchi & Xie, 2014 | | -- V. lagopus Linnaeus, 1758 [Alopex lagopus (Linnaeus) Kaup, 1829?; ?Xenalopex Kretzoi, 1954; Vulpes lagopus sensu Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009] (Arctic fox; naali)
| |--+-- †V. alopecoides Major, 1875
| | --+-- †_V. praeglacialis_ Kormos, 1932 | | --+-- †V. angustidens Thenius, 1954
| | |?- V. rueppellii [6 ssp.] (Sand fox; hiekkakettu)
| | -- _V. vulpes_ (Linnaeus, 1758) [48 ssp.!!] [_Canis vulpes_ Linnaeus, 1758; _V. fulvus_] (red fox; kettu) | --+-- †V. praecorsac Kormos, 1932
| |?- V. ferrilata (Tibetan sand fox; tiibetinkettu)
| -- _V. corsac_ [3 ssp.] (corsac; korsakki) --+==**o †Prototocyon Pohle, 1928
| |-- †Prototocyon recki [Otocyon recki]
| |?- †Prototocyon curvipalatus (Bose, 1880) [Sivacyon Pilgrim, 1928]
| -- _Otocyon_ (Desmarest, 1822) Müller, 1836 [_Prototocyon_] (Bat-eared fox; korvakoira) --+--o †Metalopex Tedford & Wang, 2008
| |-- †M. maconnelli Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009
| --+-- †_M. merriami_ Tedfrod & Wang, 2008 | -- †M. bakeri Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009
--o _Urocyon_ Baird, 1858 |-- †_U. webbi_ Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009 --+?- †U. progressus Stevens, 1965
|-- †U. galushai Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009 [Urocyon atwaterensis Getz, 1960 (nomen vanium)]
--+-- †_U. citrinus_ Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009 --+-- †U. minicephalus Martin, 1974
--o _U. cinereoargenteus_ (Schreber, 1775) (Gray fox; harmaakettu) [7 ssp.?] |-- _U. c. cinereoargenteus_ |-- _U. c. floridanus_ (Florida gray fox; floridanharmaakettu) |-- _U. c. scotti_ (Western gray fox) -- U. c. littoralis [Urocyon littoralis] (Island fox; saariharmaakettu)
Vulpes after Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009
**<==**o Vulpes Frisch, 1775 [Fennecus Desmarest, 1804; Megalotis Illiger, 1811; Vulpis Gray, 1821; Alopex Kaup, 1829; Cynalopex H. Smith, 1839; Leucocyon Gray, 1868; Mamvulpesus Herrera, 1899; Xenalopex Kretzoi, 1954] (foxes; ketut)
|-- †V. kernensis
--+-- †_V. stenognathus_ --+--+-- †V. alopecoides
| --+-- †_V. praeglacialis_ | --+-- †V. angustidens
| -- _V. vulpes_ --+-- †V. praecorsac Kormos, 1932
`-- V. corsac
Reference(s):
- Tedford, R. H., Wang, X. & Taylor, B. E., 2009: Phylogenetic systematics of the North American fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae).
–Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History: #325, pp. 1-218
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., eds., 1997: Classification of mammals; above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997. - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629 - Bininda-Emonds, O. R. P., Gittleman, J. L. & Purvis, A., 1999: Building large trees by combining phylogenetic information: a complete phylogeny of the extant Carnivora (Mammalia).
–Biological Reviews: Vol. 74, #2, pp. 143-175 [**doi: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1999.tb00184.x**] - Savage, R. J. G., 1978: Carnivora. 249-267
in Maglio, V. J. & Cooke, H. B. S., (eds.) 1978: Evolution of African Mammals
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England, 1978, xiv-641 - Tedford, R. H., Wang, X. & Taylor, B. E., 2009: Phylogenetic systematics of the North American fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae).
–Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History: #325, pp. 1-218 - Wang, X., Tseng, Z. J., Li, Q., Takeuchi, G. T. & Xie, G., 2014: From 'third pole' to north pole: a Himalayan origin for the arctic fox.
–Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences: Vol. 281, #1787, pp. [**doi: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0893**]