Kingdoms of Germany - Tyrol (original) (raw)

Tyrol The Tyrol began life as a county situated in the western section of Austria, in extremely mountainous terrain. In the seventh century AD parts of East Tyrol belonged to the Slav principality of [ Khorushka](EasternCarinthia.htm#Principality of Khorushka). In 1035, Count Siegfried I of Spanheim (1010-1065) served with distinction under Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II (the Salian) against Adalberon of Eppenstein, duke of[Carinthia](EasternCarinthia.htm#Duchy of Carinthia). He also soon married one Richgard, daughter of Count Engelbert of the Sieghardingers of [ Bavaria](GermanyBavarians.htm#Duchy of Bavaria %28Welfs%29). Through this he inherited large tracts of territory in Carinthia and Tyrol and, in 1045, was appointed margrave of the Hungarian march. His son Engelbert became margrave of Istria in 1090 and a descendant became duke of [Carinthia](EasternCarinthia.htm#Duchy Spontheims) in 1122.
Counts of Tyrol Mid-11th Century - AD 1363 The county of Gorizia, which was a title that dated at least to 1107, was a minor seat that was based around the town of Gorizia in the modern Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of north-eastern [Italy](ItalyKingdom.htm#Lords of Milan). It was joined to Tyrol with the accession of Meinhard I (of Tyrol, and III of Gorizia) in 1253, although his period of rule was relatively brief thanks to his age (around fifty-three). He was soon succeeded by his son, Meinhard II of Tyrol. (Additional information from Meinhard der Zweite. Tirol, Kärnten und ihre Nachbarländer am Ende des 13. Jhs, Hermann Wiesflecker, 1955 (1995), and from Eines Fürsten Traum. Meinhard II. - Das Werden Tirols, Catalogue, 1995.)
mid-11th cent. Albert I
1055 - 1101 Albert II
1101 - 1165 Albert III
1165 - 1180 Berthold
1180 - 1202 Henry I
1202 - 1253 Albert IV
1253 - 1258 Meinhard I Count Meinhard III of Gorizia.
1257 - 1258 Meinhard II Son and co-ruler. Succeeded to title.
1258 - 1295 Meinhard II Former co-ruler. Also Duke Meinhard IV of[Carinthia](EasternCarinthia.htm#Duchy Tirols) & Carniola.
1282 - 1286 In December 1282, asHoly Roman Emperor, Rudolph of Habsburg gives the duchies of[Austria](GermanyAustria.htm#Habsburg Margraves) and[Styria](EasternStyria.htm#Slav Kingdom in Carinthia) to his sons, Albert and Rudolf II respectively.[Carinthia](EasternCarinthia.htm#Duchy Tirols) and the adjoining march of Carniola are passed to Meinhard of Gorizia-Tyrol who had already been raised to the position of a prince of the empire in 1278.
1295 - 1310 Otto Son. Also Duke Otto III of[Carinthia](EasternCarinthia.htm#Duchy Tirols). Died without male issue.
1295 - 1304 Albert Brother and co-ruler. Died.
1306 - 1307 Henry, youngest brother of Otto and Albert, briefly becomes king ofBohemia as Jindrich (or Heinrich in its German form), but is quickly forced to step down by the powerful and ambitious Rudolph III of [Austria](GermanyAustria.htm#Habsburg Margraves). Rudolph is not at all welcome as far as the Bohemian nobles are concerned, and his early death in 1307 allows them to re-select Henry for the title. Crest of Henry V of Carinthia Otto was succeeded by his younger brother, Henry, who had enjoyed some success in his own career, becoming king of Bohemia for a short time before gaining Carinthia - his crest is show here
1310 - 1335 Henry II Brother. Also Henry V of[Carinthia](EasternCarinthia.htm#Duchy Tirols), Henry IV of Carniola.
1335 With the death of Duke Henry V of[Carinthia](EasternCarinthia.htm#Duchy Tirols), the now-vacant duchy returns to the Habsburgs, with Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV the Bavarian giving it to Otto and Albert, the sons of Duke Albert I of [Austria](GermanyAustria.htm#Habsburg Margraves). The southern section of the Tyrol is added to Carinthia's holdings, all of this taking place on 2 May 1335.
1335 - 1369 Margaret Maultash Died as the last non-Habsburg ruler of the Tyrol.
1335 - 1341 John Henry ofLuxembourg Died 1375.
1341 - 1361 Louis Wittelsbach
1344 - 1363 Meinhard III Son of Margaret.
1363 - 1369 Archduke Rudolph IV of [Austria](GermanyAustria.htm#Habsburg Archdukes) agrees with the widowed Margaret Maultash, countess of Gorizia-Tyrol, that upon the death of her only son, Meinhard III, he will inherit the county of Tyrol. In the end, Meinhard predeceases his mother and she remains in full command of the county until her own death in 1369, not least because her brother-in-law, Duke Stephen II of [Bavaria](GermanyBavarians.htm#Duchy of Bavaria %28Wittelsbachs%29), invades and holds the county.
Counts of Tyrol (Habsburgs) AD 1363 - 1665 Officially, the Habsburgs held Tyrol from 1363, which was when the last non-Habsburg male heir to the county died. In reality they did not assume control under the terms of the contract of inheritance that had been agreed between Margaret Maultash, countess of Gorizia-Tyrol and Archduke Rudolph IV of [Austria](GermanyAustria.htm#Habsburg Archdukes) until the death of Margaret herself in 1369, not least because her brother-in-law, Duke Stephen II of [Bavaria](GermanyBavarians.htm#Duchy of Bavaria %28Wittelsbachs%29), invaded and held the county. Once Rudolph's successor had the Tyrol safely under his control, the title of count would frequently be passed to junior members of the Habsburgs.
1363 - 1365 Rudolph IV the Founder Son of Albert II of [Austria](GermanyAustria.htm#Habsburg Archdukes). Ruled [Carinthia](EasternCarinthia.htm#Duchy Habsburgs II), Carniola, Tyrol & Styria.
1365 - 1386 Leopold III the Just Brother of Rudolph IV of [Austria](GermanyAustria.htm#Habsburg Archdukes). Duke of [ Carinthia](EasternCarinthia.htm#Duchy Habsburgs II) (1379-1386).
1379 Leopold and his brother, Albert, share the rule of [Austria](GermanyAustria.htm#Habsburg Archdukes) under the principles of Rudolph's 'Rudolfinian House Rules', but in reality all they do is quarrel. Their disputes threaten Austria's unity, so they agree to divide their holdings under the terms of the Treaty of Neuberg. Albert becomes sole archduke of Austria, while Leopold takes precedence in[Carinthia](EasternCarinthia.htm#Duchy Habsburgs II), Further Austria, Styria, and Tyrol.
1386 - 1395 Albert III Brother. Archduke of [Austria](GermanyAustria.htm#Habsburg Archdukes). Duke of[Carinthia](EasternCarinthia.htm#Duchy Habsburgs II) (1365-1395).
1386 - 1406 William the Courteous Son of Leopold III. Duke of[Carinthia](EasternCarinthia.htm#Duchy Habsburgs II), Carniola & Styria.
1395 - 1439 Frederick IV of the Empty Pocket Brother.
1406 William's death at a relatively young age - he is about thirty six - sees his lands divided between his brothers. Frederick, who has already been sharing the rule of the Tyrol, gains that territory, while Ernest is granted[Carinthia](EasternCarinthia.htm#Duchy Habsburgs II), Carniola, and Styria. Both brothers also act as guardians for the young Albert V of [Austria](GermanyAustria.htm#Habsburg Archdukes).
1439 - 1490 Sigismund Died 1493.
1490 - 1519 Maximilian I Became archduke of [Austria](GermanyAustria.htm#Habsburg Archdukes) (1493-1519).
1519 - 1564 Ferdinand I Became archduke of [Austria](GermanyAustria.htm#Habsburg Archdukes) (1520-1564).
1564 Upon the death of Charles I of Spain, his vast single dominion is divided between his son and his brother. His son, Philip, gains the throne of Spain, and the holdings in the [Netherlands](FranceHolland.htm#House of Habsburg), while his younger brother, Ferdinand, is confirmed in [Austria](GermanyAustria.htm#Habsburg Archdukes), Bohemia, andHungary. Younger members of the royal house are also confirmed as dukes of [Carinthia](EasternCarinthia.htm#Duchy Habsburgs II) and counts of Tyrol.
1564 - 1595 Ferdinand II
1595 - 1612 Taken directly into [Austrian](GermanyAustria.htm#Habsburg Archdukes) rule.
1612 - 1618 Maximilian II Son of Maximilian II of [Austria](GermanyAustria.htm#Habsburg Archdukes). Teutonic Knights grand master.
1618 - 1620 Taken directly into [Austrian](GermanyAustria.htm#Habsburg Archdukes) rule.
1620 - 1621 Albert
1621 - 1625 Taken directly into [Austrian](GermanyAustria.htm#Habsburg Archdukes) rule.
1625 - 1632 Leopold V
1632 - 1662 Ferdinand Charles
1662 - 1665 Sigismund Francis
1665 Taken permanently into [Austrian](GermanyAustria.htm#Habsburg Archdukes) rule.